Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Humans Antiparkinson Agents / administration & dosage Disabled Persons Double-Blind Method Motor Disorders / drug therapy Parkinson Disease / drug therapy Peptides / administration & dosage Treatment Outcome Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists / administration & dosage Disease Progression Neuroprotective Agents / administration & dosage Injections, Subcutaneous

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 Apr 2024
Historique:
medline: 12 4 2024
pubmed: 10 4 2024
entrez: 10 4 2024
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of lixisenatide on the progression of motor disability in persons with Parkinson's disease. Participants in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed less than 3 years earlier, who were receiving a stable dose of medications to treat symptoms, and who did not have motor complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily subcutaneous lixisenatide or placebo for 12 months, followed by a 2-month washout period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in scores on the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (range, 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater motor disability), which was assessed in patients in the on-medication state at 12 months. Secondary end points included other MDS-UPDRS subscores at 6, 12, and 14 months and doses of levodopa equivalent. A total of 156 persons were enrolled, with 78 assigned to each group. MDS-UPDRS part III scores at baseline were approximately 15 in both groups. At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007). At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo. Other results relative to the secondary end points did not differ substantially between the groups. Nausea occurred in 46% of participants receiving lixisenatide, and vomiting occurred in 13%. In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial but was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the effects and safety of lixisenatide in persons with Parkinson's disease. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; LIXIPARK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03439943.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Lixisenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
METHODS METHODS
In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the effect of lixisenatide on the progression of motor disability in persons with Parkinson's disease. Participants in whom Parkinson's disease was diagnosed less than 3 years earlier, who were receiving a stable dose of medications to treat symptoms, and who did not have motor complications were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to daily subcutaneous lixisenatide or placebo for 12 months, followed by a 2-month washout period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in scores on the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (range, 0 to 132, with higher scores indicating greater motor disability), which was assessed in patients in the on-medication state at 12 months. Secondary end points included other MDS-UPDRS subscores at 6, 12, and 14 months and doses of levodopa equivalent.
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 156 persons were enrolled, with 78 assigned to each group. MDS-UPDRS part III scores at baseline were approximately 15 in both groups. At 12 months, scores on the MDS-UPDRS part III had changed by -0.04 points (indicating improvement) in the lixisenatide group and 3.04 points (indicating worsening disability) in the placebo group (difference, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 5.30; P = 0.007). At 14 months, after a 2-month washout period, the mean MDS-UPDRS motor scores in the off-medication state were 17.7 (95% CI, 15.7 to 19.7) with lixisenatide and 20.6 (95% CI, 18.5 to 22.8) with placebo. Other results relative to the secondary end points did not differ substantially between the groups. Nausea occurred in 46% of participants receiving lixisenatide, and vomiting occurred in 13%.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
In participants with early Parkinson's disease, lixisenatide therapy resulted in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months in a phase 2 trial but was associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Longer and larger trials are needed to determine the effects and safety of lixisenatide in persons with Parkinson's disease. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and others; LIXIPARK ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03439943.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2312323 PMID: 38598572
pubmed: 38598572
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2312323
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antiparkinson Agents 0
lixisenatide 74O62BB01U
Peptides 0
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists 0
Neuroprotective Agents 0

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT03439943']

Types de publication

Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial, Phase II Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1176-1185

Investigateurs

Mathieu Anheim (M)
Solène Ansquer (S)
Antoine Benard (A)
Isabelle Benatru (I)
Thomas Boraud (T)
N Boudjema (N)
Christine Brefel-Courbon (C)
Nicolas Carrière (N)
Y Cazal (Y)
Anne Chatelain (A)
Olivier Colin (O)
Anne-Gaëlle Corbillé (AG)
Jean-Christophe Corvol (JC)
Philippe Damier (P)
Luc Defebvre (L)
Estelle Dellapina (E)
Pascal Derkinderen (P)
David Devos (D)
Sophie Drapier (S)
Margherita Fabbri (M)
Vanessa Ferrier (V)
Alexandra Foubert-Samier (A)
Solène Frismand (S)
Aurore Georget (A)
Christine Germain (C)
Caroline Giordana (C)
Stéphane Grimaldi (S)
Clémence Hardy (C)
Lucie Hopes (L)
Jean-Luc Houéto (JL)
Pierre Krystkowiak (P)
Ouahaid Lagha Boukbiza (OL)
Brice Laurens (B)
Sévérine Le Dily (S)
Romain Lefaucheur (R)
Nadine Longato (N)
David Maltête (D)
Louise-Laure Mariani (LL)
Ana Marques (A)
Claire Marse (C)
Wassilios G Meissner (WG)
Caroline Moreau (C)
Fabienne Ory-Magne (F)
Clélie Phillipps (C)
Emilie Rabois (E)
Olivier Rascol (O)
Philippe Remy (P)
Vincent Rigalleau (V)
Tiphaine Rouaud (T)
Hayet Salhi (H)
Amandine Saubion (A)
Umberto Spampinato (U)
Claire Thalamas (C)
Claire Thiriez (C)
Mélissa Tir (M)
Christine Tranchant (C)

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Wassilios G Meissner (WG)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Philippe Remy (P)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Caroline Giordana (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

David Maltête (D)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Pascal Derkinderen (P)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Jean-Luc Houéto (JL)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Mathieu Anheim (M)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Isabelle Benatru (I)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Thomas Boraud (T)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Christine Brefel-Courbon (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Nicolas Carrière (N)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Hélène Catala (H)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Olivier Colin (O)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Jean-Christophe Corvol (JC)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Philippe Damier (P)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-3869-0564

Estelle Dellapina (E)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

David Devos (D)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Sophie Drapier (S)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Margherita Fabbri (M)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Vanessa Ferrier (V)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Alexandra Foubert-Samier (A)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Solène Frismand-Kryloff (S)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Aurore Georget (A)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Christine Germain (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Stéphane Grimaldi (S)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-0849-8213

Clémence Hardy (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Lucie Hopes (L)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Pierre Krystkowiak (P)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Brice Laurens (B)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Romain Lefaucheur (R)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Louise-Laure Mariani (LL)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Ana Marques (A)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Claire Marse (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Fabienne Ory-Magne (F)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Vincent Rigalleau (V)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Hayet Salhi (H)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Amandine Saubion (A)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Simon R W Stott (SRW)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Claire Thalamas (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Claire Thiriez (C)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Mélissa Tir (M)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Richard K Wyse (RK)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-9542-5033

Antoine Benard (A)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

Olivier Rascol (O)

From the French Clinical Research Network (F-CRIN) for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (NS-Park-F-CRIN) (W.G.M., P.R., C. Giordana, D.M., P. Derkinderen, J.-L.H., M.A., I.B., T.B., C.B.-C., N.C., O.C., J.-C.C., P. Damier, E.D., D.D., S.D., M.F., V.F., A.F.-S., S.F.-K., S.G., C.H., L.H., P.K., B.L., R.L., L.-L.M., A.M., C.M., F.O.-M., H.S., C. Thiriez, M.T., O.R.), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1436 and the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3 (C.B.-C., H.C., M.F., F.O.-M., C. Thalamas, O.R.), and CIC 1436, INSERM (E.D., A.S.), Toulouse, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre Expert Parkinson, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN) Clinique (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S., B.L.), and Service d'Information Médicale, Unité de Soutien Méthodologique à la Recherche (USMR) (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMN, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5293 (W.G.M., T.B., A.F.-S.), and the European Clinical Trials Platform and Development-F-CRIN, CIC-Clinical Epidemiology Unit 1401, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CHU Bordeaux (A.G., C. Germain, A.B.), Bordeaux, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Equipe 01-Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle L'Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, CHU Henri Mondor, INSERM et Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil (P.R., H.S.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (C. Giordana, V.F., C.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, UMR 1239, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen, INSERM, Mont-Saint-Aignan (D.M.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen (C.H., R.L.), Rouen, the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1413, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes (P. Derkinderen, P. Damier), Service de Neurologie, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1402, CHU Limoges, CHU Poitiers INSERM, Limoges (J.-L.H., I.B., O.C.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, Strasbourg University Hospital, and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg (M.A.), the Institute of Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, INSERM Unité 964, CNRS-UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden (M.A.), the Department of Medical Pharmacology INSERM Unité 1172, Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, University of Lille, Lille (N.C., D.D.), the Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (J.-C.C., L.-L.M.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CIC 1414, CHU Pontchaillou de Rennes, INSERM, Rennes (S.D.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central, Nancy (S.F.-K., L.H.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital La Timone, Marseille (S.G.), the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens (P.K., M.T.), the Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Image Guided Clinical Neuroscience and Connectomics, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (A.M.), the Department of Nutrition-Diabetology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (V.R.), and the Department of Neurology, Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Caen, Caen (C. Thiriez) - all in France; the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute - both in Christchurch, New Zealand (W.G.M.); Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Health, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (P.K.); and Cure Parkinson's, London (S.R.W.S., R.K.W.).

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Utilisations thérapeutiques › Agents du système nerveux central › Antidyskinésiques › Antiparkinsoniens › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
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questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Troubles moteurs › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Maladies du système nerveux › Maladies neurodégénératives › Maladie de Parkinson › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Peptides › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Qualité, accès, évaluation des soins de santé › Qualité des soins de santé › Mécanismes d'évaluation des soins de santé › Évaluation des résultats et des processus en soins de santé › Évaluation de résultat (soins) › Résultat thérapeutique › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Caractéristiques de la maladie › Évolution de la maladie › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Actions chimiques et utilisations › Actions pharmacologiques › Utilisations thérapeutiques › Agents du système nerveux central › Neuroprotecteurs › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
questionsmedicales.fr › Thérapeutique › Traitement médicamenteux › Voies d'administration de substances chimiques et des médicaments › Injections › Injections sous-cutanées › Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.