B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

B-cell lymphomas occur with an incidence of 20 new cases per 100 000 people per year in high-income countries. They can affect any organ and are characterised by heterogeneous clinical presentations and courses, varying from asymptomatic, to indolent, to very aggressive cases. Since the topic of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas was last reviewed in The Lancet in 2017, a deeper understanding of the biological background of this heterogeneous group of malignancies, the availability of new diagnostic methods, and the development and implementation of new targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches have improved our ability to treat patients. This Seminar provides an overview of the pathobiology, classification, and prognostication of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and summarises the current knowledge and standard of care regarding biology and clinical management of the most common subtypes of mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It also highlights new findings in deciphering the molecular background of disease development and the implementation of new therapeutic approaches, particularly those targeting the immune system.

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Declaration of interests GS has received financial compensations for participating on advisory boards and consulting from AbbVie, Beigene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Epizyme, Roche, Genmab, Incyte, Janssen, Gilead, Loxo, Miltenyi, Molecular Partners, Morphosys, Nordic Nanovector, Novartis, Rapt, Takeda, Debiopharm, Ipsen, and Merck; has received hororaria from AbbVie, Bayer, Incyte, Gilead, Morphosys, Novartis, and Regeneron; and is shareholder at Owkin. EC has been a consultant for Takeda, NanoString Technologies, and Illumina; has received honoraria from EusPharma, Takeda, and Janssen for speaking at educational events; and is an inventor on a Lymphoma and Leukaemia Molecular Profiling Project patent (PCT/US2014/064161). MD has received research support from AbbVie, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, and Roche; has received financial compensation for participating at advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Beigene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, and Roche; and has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, and Roche. ES declares no competing interests.