Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago.

Colon Colorectal cancer Diverticulitis Emergency surgery Hartmann’s procedure Left side Ostomy Primary anastomosis Resection

Journal

World journal of emergency surgery : WJES
ISSN: 1749-7922
Titre abrégé: World J Emerg Surg
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101266603

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
16 Apr 2024
Historique:
received: 01 11 2023
accepted: 28 03 2024
medline: 17 4 2024
pubmed: 17 4 2024
entrez: 16 4 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA.
METHODS METHODS
This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up.
RESULTS RESULTS
564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38627831
doi: 10.1186/s13017-024-00543-w
pii: 10.1186/s13017-024-00543-w
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

14

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Gennaro Perrone (G)

Department of Emergency Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Mario Giuffrida (M)

General Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy. mario.giuffrida4@gmail.com.
Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29100, Piacenza, Italy. mario.giuffrida4@gmail.com.

Fikri Abu-Zidan (F)

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.

Vitor F Kruger (VF)

Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Marco Livrini (M)

Department of Emergency Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Gabriele Luciano Petracca (GL)

Department of Emergency Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Giorgio Rossi (G)

Department of Emergency Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Antonio Tarasconi (A)

General Surgery Department, UO Chirurgia Generale, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.

Brian W C A Tian (BWCA)

Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Elena Bonati (E)

General Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.

Ricardo Mentz (R)

General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Federico N Mazzini (FN)

General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Juan P Campana (JP)

General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Elisabeth Gasser (E)

Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Reinhold Kafka-Ritsch (R)

Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Daniel M Felsenreich (DM)

Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Christopher Dawoud (C)

Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Stefan Riss (S)

Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Carlos Augusto Gomes (CA)

Faculdade de Medicina, SUPREMA, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.

Felipe Couto Gomes (FC)

Faculdade de Medicina, SUPREMA, Hospital Universitario Terezinha de Jesus de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.

Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonzaga (RAT)

Medical Course, Department of Surgery - Emergency Surgery and Trauma Sector, Padre Albino University Center, Catanduva, Brazil.

Cassio Alfred Brattig Canton (CAB)

Medical Course, Department of Surgery - Emergency Surgery and Trauma Sector, Padre Albino University Center, Catanduva, Brazil.

Bruno Monteiro Pereira (BM)

Grupo Surgical, Campinas, Brazil.

Gustavo P Fraga (GP)

Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Leticia Gonçalves Zem (LG)

Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.

Vinicius Cordeiro-Fonseca (V)

Hospital Vivalle, São José Dos Campos, Brazil.

Renato de Mesquita Tauil (R)

Hospital Vivalle, São José Dos Campos, Brazil.

Boyko Atanasov (B)

UMHAT Eurohospital-Plovdiv/Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Nikolay Belev (N)

UMHAT Eurohospital-Plovdiv/Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Nikola Kovachev (N)

UMHAT Eurohospital-Plovdiv/Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

L Juan José Meléndez (LJJ)

Trauma and Acute Care Surgeon Hospital Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica.

Ana Dimova (A)

General Hospital Zabok and Croatian War Veteran Hospital Bracak, Zabok, Croatia.

Stefan Dimov (S)

General Hospital Zabok and Croatian War Veteran Hospital Bracak, Zabok, Croatia.

Zdravko Zelić (Z)

General Hospital Zabok and Croatian War Veteran Hospital Bracak, Zabok, Croatia.

Goran Augustin (G)

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Branko Bogdanić (B)

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Trpimir Morić (T)

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Elie Chouillard (E)

Department of General and Bariatric Surgery, American Hospital in Paris, Paris, France.

Melinda Bajul (M)

Emergency and General Minimally Invasive Surgery, Poissy and St Germain Hospital, Poissy, France.

Belinda De Simone (B)

Department of Emergency and General Minimally Invasive Surgery, Academic Hospital of Villeneuve St Georges, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France.

Yves Panis (Y)

Colorectal Center, Groupe Hospitalier Privé Ambroise Paré-Hartmann, Neuilly/Seine, France.

Francesco Esposito (F)

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Pôle Des Maladies de L'Appareil Digestif (PMAD), Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.

Margherita Notarnicola (M)

Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
Hôpital Léon Binet, Provins, France.

Lelde Lauka (L)

Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.

Anna Fabbri (A)

Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.

Hassen Hentati (H)

Hôpital Léon Binet, Provins, France.

Iskander Fnaiech (I)

Hôpital Léon Binet, Provins, France.

Venara Aurélien (V)

Department of Visceral Surgery CHU Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France.

Marie Bougard (M)

Department of Visceral Surgery CHU Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France.

Maxime Roulet (M)

Department of Visceral Surgery CHU Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France.

Zaza Demetrashvili (Z)

N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Irakli Pipia (I)

N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Giorgi Merabishvili (G)

N.Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Konstantinos Bouliaris (K)

Surgical Department, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

Georgios Koukoulis (G)

Surgical Department, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

Christos Doudakmanis (C)

Surgical Department, General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

Sofia Xenaki (S)

Department of General Surgery - University Hospital of Heraklion Crete, Crete, Greece.

Emmanuel Chrysos (E)

Department of General Surgery - University Hospital of Heraklion Crete, Crete, Greece.

Stamatios Kokkinakis (S)

Department of General Surgery - University Hospital of Heraklion Crete, Crete, Greece.

Panteleimon Vassiliu (P)

4th Surgical Department "Attikon" University Hospital, Chaidari, Greece.

Nikolaos Michalopoulos (N)

4th Surgical Department "Attikon" University Hospital, Chaidari, Greece.

Ioannis Margaris (I)

4th Surgical Department "Attikon" University Hospital, Chaidari, Greece.

Aristotelis Kechagias (A)

Department of Digestive Surgery, Athens Bioclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Konstantinos Avgerinos (K)

Department of Digestive Surgery, Athens Bioclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Jevgeni Katunin (J)

Department of Digestive Surgery, Athens Bioclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Eftychios Lostoridis (E)

Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece.

Eleni-Aikaterini Nagorni (EA)

Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece.

Antonio Pujante (A)

Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece.

Francesk Mulita (F)

Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Ioannis Maroulis (I)

Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Michail Vailas (M)

Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Athanasios Marinis (A)

Third Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, GR, Greece.

Ioannis Siannis (I)

Third Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, GR, Greece.

Eirini Bourbouteli (E)

Third Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, GR, Greece.

Dimitrios K Manatakis (DK)

2nd Department of Surgery, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Nikolaos Tasis (N)

2nd Department of Surgery, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Vasileios Acheimastos (V)

2nd Department of Surgery, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Sotiropoulou Maria (S)

Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Kapiris Stylianos (K)

Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Harilaos Kuzeridis (H)

Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Dimitrios Korkolis (D)

Surgical Oncology Department of Agios Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Evangelos Fradelos (E)

Surgical Oncology Department of Agios Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

George Kavalieratos (G)

Surgical Oncology Department of Agios Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Thalia Petropoulou (T)

Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Andreas Polydorou (A)

Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Ioannis Papacostantinou (I)

Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Tania Triantafyllou (T)

Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Despina Kimpizi (D)

Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Dimitrios Theodorou (D)

Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Konstantinos Toutouzas (K)

1st Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocratio Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Alexandros Chamzin (A)

1st Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocratio Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Maximos Frountzas (M)

1st Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocratio Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Dimitrios Schizas (D)

First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Ioannis Karavokyros (I)

First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Athanasios Syllaios (A)

First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Alexandros Charalabopoulos (A)

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Maria Boura (M)

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Efstratia Baili (E)

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Orestis Ioannidis (O)

4th Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "George Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki, Greece.

Lydia Loutzidou (L)

4th Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "George Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki, Greece.

Elissavet Anestiadou (E)

4th Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "George Papanikolaou", Thessaloniki, Greece.

Ioannis Tsouknidas (I)

2n, Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Chania "St George", Chania, Greece.

Georgios Petrakis (G)

2n, Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Chania "St George", Chania, Greece.

Eleni Polenta (E)

2n, Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Chania "St George", Chania, Greece.

Lovenish Bains (L)

Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Rahul Gupta (R)

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India.

Sudhir K Singh (SK)

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India.

Archana Khanduri (A)

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India.

Miklosh Bala (M)

General Surgery and Trauma Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Asaf Kedar (A)

General Surgery and Trauma Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Marcello Pisano (M)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza Policlinico Universitario di MonserratoAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Mauro Podda (M)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza Policlinico Universitario di MonserratoAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Adolfo Pisanu (A)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza Policlinico Universitario di MonserratoAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Gennaro Martines (G)

Chirurgia "M.Rubino" Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy.

Giuseppe Trigiante (G)

Chirurgia "M.Rubino" Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy.

Giuliano Lantone (G)

Chirurgia "M.Rubino" Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy.

Antonino Agrusa (A)

Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone, University of Palermo - Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Giuseppe Di Buono (G)

Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone, University of Palermo - Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Salvatore Buscemi (S)

Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone, University of Palermo - Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Massimiliano Veroux (M)

General Surgery Unit and Organ Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Rossella Gioco (R)

General Surgery Unit and Organ Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Gastone Veroux (G)

General Surgery Unit and Organ Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Luigi Oragano (L)

SOC Chirurgia Generale - ASL VCO (Piemonte), Verbania, Italy.

Sandro Zonta (S)

SOC Chirurgia Generale - ASL VCO (Piemonte), Verbania, Italy.

Federico Lovisetto (F)

SOC Chirurgia Generale - ASL VCO (Piemonte), Verbania, Italy.

Carlo V Feo (CV)

Unità Operativa Chirurgia Generale ProvincialeAzienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Antonio Pesce (A)

Unità Operativa Chirurgia Generale ProvincialeAzienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Nicolò Fabbri (N)

Unità Operativa Chirurgia Generale ProvincialeAzienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Giulio Lantone (G)

Surgery Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.

Fabio Marino (F)

Surgery Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.

Fabrizio Perrone (F)

Surgery Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis', Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.

Leonardo Vincenti (L)

Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari - Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Bari, Italy.

Vincenzo Papagni (V)

Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari - Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Bari, Italy.

Arcangelo Picciariello (A)

Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari - Dept of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Bari, Italy.

Stefano Rossi (S)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Biagio Picardi (B)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Simone Rossi Del Monte (SR)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Diego Visconti (D)

Chirurgia Generale d'Urgenza e PS - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio San Giovanni Battista - Molinette, Turin, Italy.

Giulia Osella (G)

Chirurgia Generale d'Urgenza e PS - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio San Giovanni Battista - Molinette, Turin, Italy.

Luca Petruzzelli (L)

Chirurgia Generale d'Urgenza e PS - AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Presidio San Giovanni Battista - Molinette, Turin, Italy.

Giusto Pignata (G)

Chirurgia Generale 2 ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Jacopo Andreuccetti (J)

Chirurgia Generale 2 ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Rossella D'Alessio (R)

Chirurgia Generale 2 ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Massimo Buonfantino (M)

Chirurgia Generale PO Valle d'Itria ASL TA, Martina Franca, Italy.

Eleonora Guaitoli (E)

Chirurgia Generale PO Valle d'Itria ASL TA, Martina Franca, Italy.

Stefano Spinelli (S)

Chirurgia Generale PO Valle d'Itria ASL TA, Martina Franca, Italy.

Gianluca Matteo Sampietro (GM)

Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale Ospedale di Rho - ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy.

Carlo Corbellini (C)

Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale Ospedale di Rho - ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy.

Leonardo Lorusso (L)

Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale Ospedale di Rho - ASST Rhodense, Milan, Italy.

Alice Frontali (A)

General Surgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, AAST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.
General Surgery Unit, University of Milan, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 16, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.

Isabella Pezzoli (I)

General Surgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, AAST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Alessandro Bonomi (A)

General Surgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, AAST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Andrea Chierici (A)

General Surgery Unit, University of Milan, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 16, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.

Christian Cotsoglou (C)

General Surgery Unit, University of Milan, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 16, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.

Giuseppe Manca (G)

Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, Presidio Ospedaliero "A. Perrino", Brindisi, Italy.

Antonella Delvecchio (A)

Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, Presidio Ospedaliero "A. Perrino", Brindisi, Italy.

Nicola Musa (N)

Unità Operativa Complessa di Chirurgia Generale, Presidio Ospedaliero "A. Perrino", Brindisi, Italy.

Massimiliano Casati (M)

Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele III Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy.

Laface Letizia (L)

Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele III Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy.

Emmanuele Abate (E)

Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele III Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy.

Giorgio Ercolani (G)

UOC Chirurgia Generale e Terapie Oncologiche Avanzate Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni AUSLRomagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy.

Fabrizio D'Acapito (F)

UOC Chirurgia Generale e Terapie Oncologiche Avanzate Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni AUSLRomagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy.

Leonardo Solaini (L)

UOC Chirurgia Generale e Terapie Oncologiche Avanzate Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni AUSLRomagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy.

Gianluca Guercioni (G)

UOC ChirurgiaOspedale Provinciale "C. E G. Mazzoni" Ascoli Piceno, Area Vasta 5, Regione Marche, Italy.

Simone Cicconi (S)

UOC ChirurgiaOspedale Provinciale "C. E G. Mazzoni" Ascoli Piceno, Area Vasta 5, Regione Marche, Italy.

Diego Sasia (D)

Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.

Felice Borghi (F)

Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.

Giorgio Giraudo (G)

Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.

Giuseppe Sena (G)

Dipartimento di Specialità Chirurgiche, Azienda Ospedaliera "Pugliese-Ciaccio" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

Pasquale Castaldo (P)

Dipartimento di Specialità Chirurgiche, Azienda Ospedaliera "Pugliese-Ciaccio" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

Eugenia Cardamone (E)

Dipartimento di Specialità Chirurgiche, Azienda Ospedaliera "Pugliese-Ciaccio" di Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

Giuseppe Portale (G)

Department of General Surgery, ULSS 6 Euganea, CittadellaPadua, Italy.

Matteo Zuin (M)

Department of General Surgery, ULSS 6 Euganea, CittadellaPadua, Italy.

Ylenia Spolverato (Y)

Department of General Surgery, ULSS 6 Euganea, CittadellaPadua, Italy.

Marialusia Esposito (M)

Chirurgia Generale Ospedale "Di Venere", Bari, Italy.

Roberta Maria Isernia (RM)

Chirurgia Generale Ospedale "Di Venere", Bari, Italy.

Maria Di Salvo (M)

Chirurgia Generale Ospedale "Di Venere", Bari, Italy.

Romina Manunza (R)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza ospedale Brotzu - ARNAS, Palermo, Italy.

Giuseppe Esposito (G)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza ospedale Brotzu - ARNAS, Palermo, Italy.

Marcello Agus (M)

Chirurgia d'Urgenza ospedale Brotzu - ARNAS, Palermo, Italy.

Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti (ELG)

University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.

Daniele Tiziano Bernardi (DT)

University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.

Tommaso Panici Tonucci (TP)

University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.

Davide Luppi (D)

Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale 2 e D'Urgenza dell'Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - Ausl RE IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Massimiliano Casadei (M)

Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale 2 e D'Urgenza dell'Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - Ausl RE IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Stefano Bonilauri (S)

Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale 2 e D'Urgenza dell'Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova - Ausl RE IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Angela Pezzolla (A)

U.O. di Chirurgia Videolaparoscopica della AOU Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.

Annunziata Panebianco (A)

U.O. di Chirurgia Videolaparoscopica della AOU Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.

Rita Laforgia (R)

U.O. di Chirurgia Videolaparoscopica della AOU Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.

Maurizio De Luca (M)

Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, AULSS5 Polesana - Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy.

Monica Zese (M)

Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, AULSS5 Polesana - Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy.

Dario Parini (D)

Department of General Surgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, AULSS5 Polesana - Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy.

Elio Jovine (E)

Chirurgia A e d'Urgenza IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Bologna Largo, Bartolo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy.

Giuseppina De Sario (G)

Chirurgia A e d'Urgenza IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Bologna Largo, Bartolo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy.

Raffaele Lombardi (R)

Chirurgia A e d'Urgenza IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Bologna Largo, Bartolo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy.

Giovanni Aprea (G)

UOC Chirurgia Endoscopica - AOU Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy.

Giuseppe Palomba (G)

UOC Chirurgia Endoscopica - AOU Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy.

Marianna Capuano (M)

UOC Chirurgia Endoscopica - AOU Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy.

Giulio Argenio (G)

UOC Chirurgia d'Urgenza AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.

Gianluca Orio (G)

UOC Chirurgia d'Urgenza AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.

Mariano Fortunato Armellino (MF)

UOC Chirurgia d'Urgenza AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.

Marina Troian (M)

SC Chirurgia Generale, ASUGI - Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Gorizia, Italy.

Martina Guerra (M)

SC Chirurgia Generale, ASUGI - Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Gorizia, Italy.

Carlo Nagliati (C)

SC Chirurgia Generale, ASUGI - Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, Gorizia, Italy.

Alan Biloslavo (A)

Clinica Chirurgica, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Paola Germani (P)

Clinica Chirurgica, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Giada Aizza (G)

Clinica Chirurgica, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Igor Monsellato (I)

SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy.

Ali Chaouki Chahrour (AC)

SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy.

Gabriele Anania (G)

University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Cristina Bombardini (C)

University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Francesco Bagolini (F)

University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Gabriele Sganga (G)

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Pietro Fransvea (P)

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Valentina Bianchi (V)

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Paolo Boati (P)

Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.

Francesco Ferrara (F)

Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.

Francesco Palmieri (F)

Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.

Pasquale Cianci (P)

Department of Surgery and Traumatology-General Surgery Unit, "Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital"-ASL BAT, Andria, Italy.

Domenico Gattulli (D)

Department of Surgery and Traumatology-General Surgery Unit, "Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital"-ASL BAT, Andria, Italy.

Enrico Restini (E)

Department of Surgery and Traumatology-General Surgery Unit, "Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital"-ASL BAT, Andria, Italy.

Nicola Cillara (N)

Chirurgia Generale PO Santissima Trinità - ASL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Alessandro Cannavera (A)

Chirurgia Generale PO Santissima Trinità - ASL Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Gabriela Elisa Nita (GE)

Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Sant'Anna di AUSL di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Jlenia Sarnari (J)

Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Sant'Anna di AUSL di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Francesco Roscio (F)

Division of General Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy.

Federico Clerici (F)

Division of General Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy.

Ildo Scandroglio (I)

Division of General Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy.

Stefano Berti (S)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale, S. Andrea Hospital - ASL 5, La Spezia, Italy.

Alessandro Cadeo (A)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale, S. Andrea Hospital - ASL 5, La Spezia, Italy.

Alice Filippelli (A)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale, S. Andrea Hospital - ASL 5, La Spezia, Italy.

Luigi Conti (L)

Acute Care Surgery Unit, Ospedale G. Da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.

Carmine Grassi (C)

Acute Care Surgery Unit, Ospedale G. Da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.

Gaetano Maria Cattaneo (GM)

Acute Care Surgery Unit, Ospedale G. Da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.

Marina Pighin (M)

Chirurgia Generale dell'Ospedale Sant'Anna di San Fermo della Battaglia, San Fermo Della Battaglia, Italy.

Davide Papis (D)

Chirurgia Generale dell'Ospedale Sant'Anna di San Fermo della Battaglia, San Fermo Della Battaglia, Italy.

Giovanni Gambino (G)

U.O. Chirurgia Generale PO Trapani, Bergamo, Italy.

Vanessa Bertino (V)

U.O. Chirurgia Generale PO Trapani, Bergamo, Italy.

Domenico Schifano (D)

U.O. Chirurgia Generale PO Trapani, Bergamo, Italy.

Daniela Prando (D)

Uoc Chirurgia Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli Adria, Adria, Italy.

Luisella Fogato (L)

Uoc Chirurgia Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli Adria, Adria, Italy.

Fabio Cavallo (F)

Uoc Chirurgia Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli Adria, Adria, Italy.

Luca Ansaloni (L)

U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 1 IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Roberto Picheo (R)

U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 1 IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Nicholas Pontarolo (N)

U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 1 IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Norma Depalma (N)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery - "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

Marcello Spampinato (M)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery - "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

Stefano D'Ugo (S)

Department of General and Emergency Surgery - "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

Luca Lepre (L)

General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Emergency Dept, Ospedale Santo Spirito in Sassia, 00193, Rome, Italy.

Michela Giulii Capponi (MG)

General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Emergency Dept, Ospedale Santo Spirito in Sassia, 00193, Rome, Italy.

Rossella Domenica Campa (RD)

General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Emergency Dept, Ospedale Santo Spirito in Sassia, 00193, Rome, Italy.

Giuliano Sarro (G)

G.Fornaroli" Hospital, Magenta ASST Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy.
Istituto Clinico San Gaudenzio - Novara, Novara, Italy.

Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi (VP)

G.Fornaroli" Hospital, Magenta ASST Ovest Milanese, Milan, Italy.

Stefano Olmi (S)

San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG, Italy.

Matteo Uccelli (M)

San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG, Italy.

Davide Ferrari (D)

San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, BG, Italy.

Marco Inama (M)

Unità di Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, VR, Italy.

Gianluigi Moretto (G)

Unità di Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, VR, Italy.

Michele Fontana (M)

Unità di Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda, VR, Italy.

Francesco Favi (F)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Erika Picariello (E)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Alessia Rampini (A)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Andrea Barberis (A)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale ed Epatobiliopancreatica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.

Antonio Azzinnaro (A)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale ed Epatobiliopancreatica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.

Alba Oliva (A)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale ed Epatobiliopancreatica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.

Luigi Totaro (L)

ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.

Ilaria Benzoni (I)

ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.

Valerio Ranieri (V)

ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.

Gabriella Teresa Capolupo (GT)

Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Filippo Carannante (F)

Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Marco Caricato (M)

Colorectal Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Maurizio Ronconi (M)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale Di Gardone Val Trompia - ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Silvia Casiraghi (S)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale Di Gardone Val Trompia - ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Giovanni Casole (G)

S.C. Chirurgia Generale Ospedale Di Gardone Val Trompia - ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Desire Pantalone (D)

Unit of Critical Care Surgery and Trauma-Trauma Team University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Giovanni Alemanno (G)

Unit of Critical Care Surgery and Trauma-Trauma Team University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Maximilian Scheiterle (M)

Unit of Critical Care Surgery and Trauma-Trauma Team University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Marco Ceresoli (M)

ASST Monza, Chirurgia 1, Monza, Italy.

Marco Cereda (M)

ASST Monza, Chirurgia 1, Monza, Italy.

Chiara Fumagalli (C)

ASST Monza, Chirurgia 1, Monza, Italy.

Federico Zanzi (F)

Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci Ravenna Reparto di Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Ravenna, Italy.

Stefano Bolzon (S)

Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci Ravenna Reparto di Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Ravenna, Italy.

Enrico Guerra (E)

Ospedale Santa Maria delle Croci Ravenna Reparto di Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Ravenna, Italy.

Francesca Lecchi (F)

UOC Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Paola Cellerino (P)

UOC Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Antonella Ardito (A)

UOC Chirurgia GeneraleOspedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.

Rosa Scaramuzzo (R)

General Surgery Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Civitavecchia, Italy.

Andrea Balla (A)

General Surgery Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Civitavecchia, Italy.

Pasquale Lepiane (P)

General Surgery Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Civitavecchia, Italy.

Nicola Tartaglia (N)

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Antonio Ambrosi (A)

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Giovanna Pavone (G)

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Gian Marco Palini (GM)

General Surgery Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.

Simone Veneroni (S)

General Surgery Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.

Gianluca Garulli (G)

General Surgery Unit, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy.

Claudio Ricci (C)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Beatrice Torre (B)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Iris Shari Russo (IS)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Matteo Rottoli (M)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Marta Tanzanu (M)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Angela Belvedere (A)

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Marco Milone (M)

University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Michele Manigrasso (M)

University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Giovanni Domenico De Palma (GD)

University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Micaela Piccoli (M)

General Surgery,Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital Modena, Baggiovara, Italy.

Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini (GC)

General Surgery,Emergencies and New Technologies, Baggiovara Civil Hospital Modena, Baggiovara, Italy.

Stefano Magnone (S)

General Surgery, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.

Paolo Bertoli (P)

General Surgery, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.

Michele Pisano (M)

General Surgery, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.

Paolo Massucco (P)

Chirurgia Generale e OncologicaOsp. Mauriziano - Torino, Turin, Italy.

Marco Palisi (M)

Chirurgia Generale e OncologicaOsp. Mauriziano - Torino, Turin, Italy.

Andrea-Pierre Luzzi (AP)

Chirurgia Generale e OncologicaOsp. Mauriziano - Torino, Turin, Italy.

Francesco Fleres (F)

General Surgery Unit - ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio Hospital - Sondrio, Sondrio, Italy.

Guglielmo Clarizia (G)

General Surgery Unit - ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio Hospital - Sondrio, Sondrio, Italy.

Alessandro Spolini (A)

General Surgery Unit - ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Sondrio Hospital - Sondrio, Sondrio, Italy.

Yoshiro Kobe (Y)

Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.

Takayuki Toma (T)

Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.

Fumihiko Shimamura (F)

Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.

Robert Parker (R)

Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.

Sinkeet Ranketi (S)

Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.

Mercy Mitei (M)

Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya.

Saulius Svagzdys (S)

Department of Surgery Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Henrikas Pauzas (H)

Department of Surgery Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Justas Zilinskas (J)

Department of Surgery Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Tomas Poskus (T)

Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Marius Kryzauskas (M)

Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Matas Jakubauskas (M)

Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria (AD)

Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.

Zaidi Zakaria (Z)

Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.

Michael Pak-Kai Wong (MP)

Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.

Asri Che Jusoh (AC)

Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Muhammad Nazreen Zakaria (MN)

Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Daniel Rios Cruz (DR)

Departamento de Cirugía Gastrointestinal y Enfermedades Digestivas "DR DANIEL RIOS CRUZ". Hospital Center Vista Hermosa, Cuernavaca Morelos, México.

Aurea Barbara Rodriguez Elizalde (ABR)

Departamento de Cirugía Gastrointestinal y Enfermedades Digestivas "DR DANIEL RIOS CRUZ". Hospital Center Vista Hermosa, Cuernavaca Morelos, México.

Alejandro Bañon Reynaud (AB)

Departamento de Cirugía Gastrointestinal y Enfermedades Digestivas "DR DANIEL RIOS CRUZ". Hospital Center Vista Hermosa, Cuernavaca Morelos, México.

Edgard Efren Lozada Hernandez (EEL)

Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajio, León, Mexico.

Jose Maria Victor Palomo Monroy (JMVP)

Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajio, León, Mexico.

Diego Hinojosa-Ugarte (D)

Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajio, León, Mexico.

Martha Quiodettis (M)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá City, Panamá.

María Esther Du Bois (ME)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá City, Panamá.

José Latorraca (J)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Panamá City, Panamá.

Piotr Major (P)

Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Michał Pędziwiatr (M)

Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Magdalena Pisarska-Adamczyk (M)

Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Maciej Walędziak (M)

Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.

Andrzej Kwiatkowski (A)

Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.

Łukasz Czyżykowski (Ł)

Department of General, Oncological, Metabolic and Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.

Silvia Dantas da Costa (SD)

Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Bela Pereira (B)

Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Ana Rita Oliveira Ferreira (ARO)

Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Filipe Almeida (F)

Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.

Ricardo Rocha (R)

Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.

Carla Carneiro (C)

Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal.

Diego Pita Perez (DP)

Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste, EPE; Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Bragança, Portugal.

João Carvas (J)

Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste, EPE; Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Bragança, Portugal.

Catarina Rocha (C)

Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste, EPE; Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Bragança, Portugal.

Cátia Ferreira (C)

CHTMAD - Portugal,, Vila Real, Portugal.

Rita Marques (R)

CHTMAD - Portugal,, Vila Real, Portugal.

Urânia Fernandes (U)

CHTMAD - Portugal,, Vila Real, Portugal.

Pedro Leao (P)

General Surgery Grupo Trofa Saúde, Porto, Portugal.

André Goulart (A)

General Surgery Grupo Trofa Saúde, Porto, Portugal.

Rita Gonçalves Pereira (RG)

General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo, E.P.E., Barreiro, Portugal.

Sara Daniela Direito Patrocínio (SDD)

General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo, E.P.E., Barreiro, Portugal.

Nuno Gonçalo Gonçalves de Mendonça (NGG)

General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Barreiro Montijo, E.P.E., Barreiro, Portugal.

Maria Isabel Cerqueira Manso (MIC)

Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve - Unidade de Faro, Faro, Portugal.

Henrique Manuel Cardoso Morais (HMC)

Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve - Unidade de Faro, Faro, Portugal.

Paulo Sebastião Cardoso (PS)

Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve - Unidade de Faro, Faro, Portugal.

Valentin Calu (V)

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest and Elias University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.

Adrian Miron (A)

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest and Elias University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.

Elena Adelina Toma (EA)

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest and Elias University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.

Mahir Gachabayov (M)

Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia.

Abakar Abdullaev (A)

Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, Russia.

Andrey Litvin (A)

Department of Surgical Diseases No. 3, Gomel State Medical University, University Clinic, Gomel, Belarus.

Taras Nechay (T)

Pirogov Medical University Research Institute of Clinical Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

Alexander Tyagunov (A)

Pirogov Medical University Research Institute of Clinical Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

Anvar Yuldashev (A)

Pirogov Medical University Research Institute of Clinical Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

Alison Bradley (A)

Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Scotland, UK.

Michael Wilson (M)

Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, Scotland, UK.

Arpád Panyko (A)

4t, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Zuzana Látečková (Z)

4t, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Vladimír Lacko (V)

4t, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Dusan Lesko (D)

1s, Department of Surgery, UPJS and UNLP Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

Marek Soltes (M)

1s, Department of Surgery, UPJS and UNLP Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

Jozef Radonak (J)

1s, Department of Surgery, UPJS and UNLP Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.

Victor Turrado-Rodriguez (V)

Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.

Roser Termes-Serra (R)

Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.

Xavier Morales-Sevillano (X)

Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.

Pierfrancesco Lapolla (P)

Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital - Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Andrea Mingoli (A)

Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital - Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Gioia Brachini (G)

Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital - Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Maurizio Degiuli (M)

Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano (Turin), Italy.

Silvia Sofia (S)

Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano (Turin), Italy.

Rossella Reddavid (R)

Division of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Department of Oncology, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano (Turin), Italy.

Andrea de Manzoni Garberini (A)

Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo, Pescara, Italy.

Angelica Buffone (A)

Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo, Pescara, Italy.

Eduardo Perea Del Pozo (EP)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.

Daniel Aparicio-Sánchez (D)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.

Sandra Dos Barbeito (S)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.

Mercedes Estaire-Gómez (M)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.

Rebeca Vitón-Herrero (R)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.

Mª de Los Ángeles Gil Olarte-Marquez (M)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.

José Gil-Martínez (J)

General and Digestive Surgery. Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.

Felipe Alconchel (F)

General and Digestive Surgery. Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.

Tatiana Nicolás-López (T)

General and Digestive Surgery. Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain.

Aida Cristina Rahy-Martin (AC)

Emergency Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

María Pelloni (M)

Emergency Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Raquel Bañolas-Suarez (R)

Emergency Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Fernando Mendoza-Moreno (F)

Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Francisca García-Moreno Nisa (FG)

Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Manuel Díez-Alonso (M)

Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

María Elisa Valle Rodas (MEV)

Colorectal Surgery, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.

María Carmona Agundez (MC)

Colorectal Surgery, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.

María Inmaculada Pérez Andrés (MIP)

Colorectal Surgery, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.

Claudia Cristina Lopes Moreira (CCL)

Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.

Aintzane Lizarazu Perez (AL)

Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.

Iñigo Augusto Ponce (IA)

Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.

Ana María González-Castillo (AM)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.

Estela Membrilla-Fernández (E)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.

Silvia Salvans (S)

Emergency Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.

Mario Serradilla-Martín (M)

Department of Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Saragossa, Spain.

Pablo Sancho Pardo (PS)

Department of Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Saragossa, Spain.

Daniel Rivera-Alonso (D)

Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Jana Dziakova (J)

Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Jose Mugüerza Huguet (JM)

Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Naila Pagès Valle (NP)

Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain.

Enrique Colás Ruiz (EC)

Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain.

Cristina Rey Valcárcel (CR)

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

Cristina Ruiz Moreno (CR)

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

Yeniffer Tatiana Moreno Salazar (YTM)

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

Juan Jesús Rubio García (JJR)

Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.

Silvia Sevila Micó (SS)

Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.

Joaquín Ruiz López (JR)

Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.

Silvia Pérez Farré (SP)

Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Cataluña, Spain.

Maite Santamaria Gomez (MS)

Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Cataluña, Spain.

Nuria Mestres Petit (NM)

Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Cataluña, Spain.

Alberto Titos-García (A)

Trauma and Emergency Surgery Unit General, Digestive and Transplantation Department, University Regional Hospital Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Jose Manuel Aranda-Narváez (JM)

Trauma and Emergency Surgery Unit General, Digestive and Transplantation Department, University Regional Hospital Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Laura Romacho-López (L)

Trauma and Emergency Surgery Unit General, Digestive and Transplantation Department, University Regional Hospital Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Luis Sánchez-Guillén (L)

Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Department Hospital General Universitario de Elche Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.

Veronica Aranaz-Ostariz (V)

Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Department Hospital General Universitario de Elche Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.

Marina Bosch-Ramírez (M)

Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Department Hospital General Universitario de Elche Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain.

Aleix Martínez-Pérez (A)

Department of General and Digestive Surgery. Hospital, Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

Elías Martínez-López (E)

Department of General and Digestive Surgery. Hospital, Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

Juan Carlos Sebastián-Tomás (JC)

Department of General and Digestive Surgery. Hospital, Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

Granada Jimenez-Riera (G)

Hepatobiliar and Pancreatic Surgery Unit General and Digestive Surgery University Hospital Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.

Javier Jimenez-Vega (J)

Hepatobiliar and Pancreatic Surgery Unit General and Digestive Surgery University Hospital Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.

Jose Aurelio Navas Cuellar (JAN)

Hepatobiliar and Pancreatic Surgery Unit General and Digestive Surgery University Hospital Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain.

Andrea Campos-Serra (A)

Emergency Surgery Unit at Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain.

Anna Muñoz-Campaña (A)

Emergency Surgery Unit at Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain.

Raquel Gràcia-Roman (R)

Emergency Surgery Unit at Hospital Universitari Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Spain.

Javier Martínez Alegre (JM)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Francisca Lima Pinto (FL)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Sara Nuñez O'Sullivan (SN)

General and Colorectal Surgeon, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Francisco Blanco Antona (FB)

General Surgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Beatriz Muñoz Jiménez (BM)

General Surgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Jaime López-Sánchez (J)

General Surgery Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Zahira Gómez Carmona (ZG)

Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas Almeria, Almeria, Spain.

Rocio Torres Fernández (RT)

Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas Almeria, Almeria, Spain.

Isabel Blesa Sierra (IB)

Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas Almeria, Almeria, Spain.

Laura Román García de León (LRG)

Hospital Universtario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.

Verónica Polaino Moreno (VP)

Hospital Universtario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.

Eva Iglesias (E)

Hospital Universtario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.

Paola Lora Cumplido (PL)

Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes Gijón, Asturias, Spain.

Altea Arango Bravo (AA)

Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes Gijón, Asturias, Spain.

Ignacio Rey Simó (IR)

HPB and Transplantation Unit, Head of Emergency Surgery Unit, Seville, Spain.

Carlota López Domínguez (CL)

HPB and Transplantation Unit, Head of Emergency Surgery Unit, Seville, Spain.

Aloia Guerreiro Caamaño (AG)

HPB and Transplantation Unit, Head of Emergency Surgery Unit, Seville, Spain.

Rafael Calleja Lozano (RC)

General and Digestive Surgery Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.

Manuel Durán Martínez (MD)

General and Digestive Surgery Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.

Álvaro Naranjo Torres (ÁN)

General and Digestive Surgery Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.

Javier Tomas Morales Bernaldo de Quiros (JTMB)

Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain.

Gianluca Pellino (G)

Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Miriam Moratal Cloquell (MM)

Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Elsa García Moller (EG)

Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Sami Jalal-Eldin (S)

Department of Sugery, Almoalem Medical City, Khartoum, Sudan.

Ahmed K Abdoun (AK)

Department of Sugery, Almoalem Medical City, Khartoum, Sudan.

Hytham K S Hamid (HKS)

Department of Sugery, Almoalem Medical City, Khartoum, Sudan.

Varut Lohsiriwat (V)

Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.

Aitsariya Mongkhonsupphawan (A)

Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.

Oussama Baraket (O)

Department of General Surgery Bizerte Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Karim Ayed (K)

Department of General Surgery Bizerte Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Imed Abbassi (I)

Department of General Surgery Bizerte Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ali Ben Ali (AB)

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunis, Tunisia.

Houssem Ammar (H)

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ali Kchaou (A)

Sfax Medical School, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ahmed Tlili (A)

Sfax Medical School, Tunis, Tunisia.

Imen Zribi (I)

Sfax Medical School, Tunis, Tunisia.

Elif Colak (E)

Samsun Training and Research Hospital Colak, Samsun, Turkey.

Suleyman Polat (S)

Samsun Training and Research Hospital Colak, Samsun, Turkey.

Zehra Alan Koylu (ZA)

Samsun Training and Research Hospital Colak, Samsun, Turkey.

Ali Guner (A)

Department of General Surgery, Division of Upper GI Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Trabzon, Turkey.

Mehmet Arif Usta (MA)

Department of General Surgery, Division of Upper GI Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Trabzon, Turkey.

Murat Emre Reis (ME)

Department of General Surgery, Division of Upper GI Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Trabzon, Turkey.

Baris Mantoglu (B)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.

Emre Gonullu (E)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.

Emrah Akin (E)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.

Fatih Altintoprak (F)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.

Zulfu Bayhan (Z)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.

Necattin Firat (N)

Department of General Surgery, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.

Arda Isik (A)

General Surgery Clinic, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.

Ufuk Memis (U)

General Surgery Clinic, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.

Mehmet Bayrak (M)

Private Ortadogu Hospital Adana, Adana, Turkey.

Yasemin Altıntaş (Y)

Private Ortadogu Hospital Adana, Adana, Turkey.

Yasin Kara (Y)

General Surgery Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Mehmet Abdussamet Bozkurt (MA)

General Surgery Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Ali Kocataş (A)

General Surgery Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Koray Das (K)

University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Ahmet Seker (A)

University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Nazmi Ozer (N)

University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.

Semra Demirli Atici (SD)

Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Korhan Tuncer (K)

Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Tayfun Kaya (T)

Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Zeynep Ozkan (Z)

Department of General Surgery Elazig, Elazig Health Practice and Research Center, Elazig, Turkey.

Onur Ilhan (O)

Department of General Surgery Elazig, Elazig Health Practice and Research Center, Elazig, Turkey.

Ibrahim Agackiran (I)

Department of General Surgery Elazig, Elazig Health Practice and Research Center, Elazig, Turkey.

Mustafa Yener Uzunoglu (MY)

Department of General Surgery, Bursa Kestel State Hospital, Kestel, Turkey.

Eren Demirbas (E)

Department of General Surgery, Bursa Kestel State Hospital, Kestel, Turkey.

Yuksel Altinel (Y)

Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey.

Serhat Meric (S)

Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey.

Nadir Adnan Hacım (NA)

Department of General Surgery, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey.

Derya Salim Uymaz (DS)

Department of General Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Nail Omarov (N)

Department of General Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Emre Balık (E)

Department of General Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Giovanni D Tebala (GD)

John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Hany Khalil (H)

John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Mridul Rana (M)

John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Mansoor Khan (M)

Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK.

Charlotte Florence (C)

Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK.

Christie Swaminathan (C)

Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK.

Cosimo Alex Leo (CA)

Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital - London North West NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.

Lampros Liasis (L)

Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital - London North West NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.

Josef Watfah (J)

Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital - London North West NHS Trust, Harrow, UK.

Ivan Trostchansky (I)

Hospital de ClínicasClínica Quirúrgica ¨F¨, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Edward Delgado (E)

Hospital de ClínicasClínica Quirúrgica ¨F¨, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Marcelo Pontillo (M)

Hospital de ClínicasClínica Quirúrgica ¨F¨, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Rifat Latifi (R)

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.

Raul Coimbra (R)

Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.

Sara Edwards (S)

Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.

Ana Lopez (A)

Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.

George Velmahos (G)

Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Ander Dorken (A)

Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Anthony Gebran (A)

Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Amanda Palmer (A)

Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.

Jeffrey Oury (J)

Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.

James M Bardes (JM)

Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.

Sirivan Suon Seng (SS)

Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA, USA.

Lauren S Coffua (LS)

Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA, USA.

Asanthi Ratnasekera (A)

Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Upland, PA, USA.

Tanya Egodage (T)

Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.

Karla Echeverria-Rosario (K)

Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.

Isabella Armento (I)

Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.

Lena M Napolitano (LM)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Naveen F Sangji (NF)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Mark Hemmila (M)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Jacob A Quick (JA)

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Tyler R Austin (TR)

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Theodore S Hyman (TS)

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

William Curtiss (W)

. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Amanda McClure (A)

. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Nicholas Cairl (N)

. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Walter L Biffl (WL)

Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, USA.

Hung P Truong (HP)

Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, USA.

Kathryn Schaffer (K)

Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, USA.

Summer Reames (S)

Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, USA.

Filippo Banchini (F)

Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29100, Piacenza, Italy.

Patrizio Capelli (P)

Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, 29100, Piacenza, Italy.

Federico Coccolini (F)

General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.

Massimo Sartelli (M)

Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.

Francesca Bravi (F)

Healthcare Administration, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.

Carlo Vallicelli (C)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Vanni Agnoletti (V)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Gian Luca Baiocchi (GL)

General Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Fausto Catena (F)

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.

Classifications MeSH