Oral microbiota signatures associated with viremia and CD4 recovery in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients.

Few reports focused on the role of oral microbiome diversity in HIV infection. We characterized the microbiota-immunity axis in a cohort of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) focusing on the oral microbiome (OM) and immunological responsivity. The sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable region was performed on salivary samples of 15 healthy control (HC) and 12 HIV+ patients before starting ART and after reaching virological suppression. Then, we correlated the OM composition with serum cytokines and the Short Chain Fatty acids (SCFAs). The comparison between HIV patients and HC oral microbiota showed differences in the bacterial α-diversity and richness. We documented a negative correlation between oral Prevotella and intestinal valeric acid at before starting ART and a positive correlation between oral Veillonella and gut acetic acid after reaching virological suppression. Finally, an increase in the phylum Proteobacteria was observed comparing saliva samples of immunological responders (IRs) patients against immunological non-responders (INRs). For the first time, we described an increase in the oral pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria phylum in INRs compared to IRs. We provided more evidence that saliva could be a non-invasive and less expensive approach for research involving the oral cavity microbiome in HIV patients.

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Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Gaetana Sterrantino, Edda Russo and Amedeo Amedei designed the study; Seble Tekle Kiros, Elena Niccolai, Edda Russo, Simone Baldi, Gianluca Bartolucci and Giulia Nannini collected the data; Edda Russo, Marco Coppi, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Simone Baldi, Giulia Nannini, Gianluca Bartolucci and Filippo Lagi analysed the data; Leandro Di Gloria and Matteo Ramazzotti performed microbiota analysis; Giulia Nannini and Edda Russo wrote and edited the manuscript; Amedeo Amedei supervised the manuscript and provided funding; Amedeo Amedei, Gaetana Sterrantino, Gian Maria Rossolini, Edda Russo, Vincenzo Di Pilato and Alessandro Bartoloni revised the manuscript.