Alpha-methyltryptamine and 5-(2-methylaminopropyl)-benzofuran (5-MAPB) fatal co-intoxication: case report and review of literature.

5-MAPB Alpha-methyltryptamine Autopsy Fatal intoxication New psychoactive substances

Journal

International journal of legal medicine
ISSN: 1437-1596
Titre abrégé: Int J Legal Med
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9101456

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
23 Apr 2024
Historique:
received: 26 12 2023
accepted: 15 04 2024
medline: 23 4 2024
pubmed: 23 4 2024
entrez: 22 4 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

The scientific literature contains little reliable data regarding new psychoactive substances and designer drugs, making it difficult to assess toxic blood levels and potentially lethal threshold. Here, we report a fatal co-intoxication involving two uncommon drugs ‒ alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) and 5-(2-methylaminopropyl)-benzofuran (5-MAPB) ‒ combined with exposure to benzodiazepines, ephedrine, and norephedrine. AMT and 5-MAPB were quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS-MS), revealing concentrations of AMT 4690 ng/mL and 5-MAPB 101 ng/mL in postmortem peripheral blood. We additionally reviewed the literature to help interpret the likely roles of these molecules in the occurrence of death.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38649548
doi: 10.1007/s00414-024-03236-w
pii: 10.1007/s00414-024-03236-w
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Références

Araújo A et al (2015) Margarida, « The Hallucinogenic World of Tryptamines: An Updated Review ». Archives of Toxicology, vol. 89, n
Boland DM et al (2005) « Fatality Due to Acute α-Methyltryptamine Intoxication ». Journal of Analytical Toxicology, vol. 29, n
Palamar JJ, Austin Le (2018) octobre, et. « Trends in DMT and Other Tryptamine Use among Young Adults in the United States ». The American Journal on Addictions 27, n
Kamour A et al « Patterns of Presentation and Clinical Toxicity after Reported Use of Alpha Methyltryptamine in the United Kingdom. A Report from the UK National Poisons Information Service ». Clinical Toxicology, vol. 52, n
Murphree HB et al (1961) « Effects in Normal Man of α-Methyltryptamine and α-Ethyltryptamine ». Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 2, n
Schifano F et al (2021) « New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and Serotonin Syndrome Onset: A Systematic Review ». Experimental Neurology, vol. 339, mai. p. 113638. DOI.org(Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113638
« Controlled Substance Schedules » https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/index.html . Consulted on the 10-11-2023
GOV.UK « Government Response to ACMD Advice on Tryptamine, LSD Related Compounds and AH-7921 ». https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-response-to-acmd-advice-on-tryptamine-lsd-related-compounds-and-ah-7921 . Consulted on the 24-10-2023
« Arrêté du 3 Mai 2018 modifiant l’arrêté Du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants - Légifrance ». Consulté le 24 octobre 2023. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFARTI000036885450 . [In French]
Simmler LD, et, Matthias E (2018) Liechti. « Pharmacology of MDMA- and Amphetamine-Like New Psychoactive Substances ». New Psychoactive Substances, édité par Hans H. Maurer et Simon D. Brandt, vol. 252, Springer International Publishing, pp. 143–64. DOI.org(Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2018_113
Hofer KE et al « Acute Toxicity Associated With the Recreational Use of the Novel Psychoactive Benzofuran N-Methyl-5-(2 Aminopropyl)Benzofuran ». Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 69, n
Barceló B et al (2017) « Intoxication Caused by New Psychostimulants: Analytical Methods to Disclose Acute and Chronic Use of Benzofurans and Ethylphenidate ». International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 131, n
Welter J, Brandt SD et al (2015) « Metabolic Fate, Mass Spectral Fragmentation, Detectability, and Differentiation in Urine of the Benzofuran Designer Drugs 6-APB and 6-MAPB in Comparison to Their 5-Isomers Using GC-MS and LC-(HR)-MSn Techniques ». Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 407, n
Europarat éditeur (2000) The harmonisation of Medico-legal autopsy rules: adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 2 February 1999 and explanatory Memorandum. Council of Europe Publ
Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Le Meur C, Gaillard Y, Malicier D, Hubert N (2011) et J. Guitton. « Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of four benzodiazepines and citalopram in eleven postmortem rabbit fluids and tissues, with application to animal and human samples ». Journal of Chromatography B 879, n
Peters FT, Olaf H, Drummer, et Frank, Musshoff « Validation of new methods ». Forensic Science International, Research in Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences: Basic Principles and Application in Practice, 165, n
Wille SMR, Coucke W, De Baere T, Peters FT (2014) Update of standard practices for new method validation in forensic toxicology. Curr Pharm Des 23:5442–5454 (July (36))
Theofel N, Budach D, Vejmelka E, Scholtis S, Tsokos M Toxicological investigations in a death involving 2-MAPB - PubMed. Consulted 16 octobre 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33877515/
Staeheli SN et al (2017) « Postmortem Distribution and Redistribution of MDAI and 2-MAPB in Blood and Alternative Matrices ». Forensic Science International, vol. 279, octobre. pp. 83–87. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.007
Elliott SP, Simon D, Brandt S, Freeman P (2013) Archer. « AMT (3-(2-Aminopropyl)Indole) and 5-IT (5-(2-Aminopropyl)Indole): An Analytical Challenge and Implications for Forensic Analysis ». Drug Testing and Analysis 5, n
Shevyrin V, et, Shafran Y (2017) « Distinguishing of 2-MAPB and 6-MAPB: Solution of the Problem ». Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol. 52, n
King LA, et, John M (2018) Corkery. « An Index of Fatal Toxicity for New Psychoactive Substances ». Journal of Psychopharmacology, vol. 32, n
Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G (2015) Flaminia Pantano, et Francesco Saverio Romolo. « Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines ». Current Neuropharmacology 13, n
Férec Séverine, Leborgne I, Bruneau Chloé, Bourgine J, Valette X, Abbara C (2016) Bénédicte Lelièvre, David Boels, Marie Bretaudeau-Deguigne, et Alain Turcant. « Severe serotoninergic syndrome after ingestion of α-methyltryptamine ». Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 28, n
Elliott S (2014) et Julie Evans. « A 3-Year Review of New Psychoactive Substances in Casework ». Forensic Science International, vol. 243, octobre pp. 55–60. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.017
Dingemanse J, Guentert T, Gieschke R (1996) et M. Stabl. « Modification of the Cardiovascular Effects of Ephedrine by the Reversible Monoamine Oxidase A-Inhibitor Moclobemide ». Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 28, n
Martyr JW (1996) et C. E. P. Orlikowski. « Epidural Anaesthesia, Ephedrine and Phenylephrine in a Patient Taking Moclobemide, a New Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ». Anaesthesia 51, n
Scotton WJ, Lisa J, Hill AC, Williams M (2019) Barnes. « serotonin syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical features, management, and potential future directions ». Int J Tryptophan Research: IJTR 12:1178646919873925. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178646919873925
doi: 10.1177/1178646919873925
« AMT et Convulsion / PsychoACTIF ». Consulted le 2 novembre 2023. https://www.psychoactif.org/forum/t14561-p1-AMT-Convulsion.html#divx . [In French]
Lin Z, Wang H, Jones AW, Wang F, Zhang Y, Rao Y (2020) « Evaluation and review of ways to differentiate sources of ethanol in postmortem blood ». Int J Legal Med. ;134(6):2081–2093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02415-9 . Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 32940841
François Mathiaux B, Magret Gérard, Lachatre J-M (2013) « mise en évidence de prazépam dans du sang post-mortem après intoxication par Le paracétamol, Le dextropropoxyphène et le prazépam ». Ann Toxicol Anal 25(2):75–78. https://doi.org/10.1051/ata/2013042 [In French]
doi: 10.1051/ata/2013042
Turcant A, Deguigne M, Ferec Séverine, Bruneau Chloé, Leborgne I, Bénédicte, Lelievre Clément, Gegu et al (2017) « A 6-year review of new psychoactive substances at the Centre antipoison Grand-Ouest d’Angers: Clinical and biological data ». Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique, New Psychoactive Substances, 29, no 1 (1 février. : 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2016.12.001
Société française de toxicologie analytique (SFTA). « SFTA guidelines for the achievement of toxicological analyzes for deaths involving NPS » (2017) [In french]

Auteurs

Marie Epain (M)

Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France. marie.epain@chu-lyon.fr.
Service of Forensic Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, Lyon Cedex 03, 69437, France. marie.epain@chu-lyon.fr.

Nathalie Cartiser (N)

Service of Forensic Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, Lyon Cedex 03, 69437, France.

Fabien Bevalot (F)

LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, Lyon, France.

Charline Bottinelli (C)

LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, Lyon, France.

Camille Chatenay (C)

LAT LUMTOX Laboratory, Lyon, France.

Laurent Fanton (L)

Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France.
Service of Forensic Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, Lyon Cedex 03, 69437, France.

Classifications MeSH