Investigating the factors affecting farmers' intention to adopt contract farming.
Attitude
Awareness
Perceived ease of use
Sustainable development
Trust
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Apr 2024
27 Apr 2024
Historique:
received:
29
08
2023
accepted:
21
04
2024
medline:
27
4
2024
pubmed:
27
4
2024
entrez:
26
4
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Agricultural endeavors, especially in developing nations, entail inherent risks. Amidst challenges related to capital and agricultural marketing, contract farming emerges as a highly effective strategy. It not only facilitates capital accumulation but also ensures consistent product sales, establishes fair pricing, and contributes to the overall balanced development of the agricultural sector. This concern has been a longstanding global consideration, with Iran now addressing it. Recognizing the paramount importance of implementing contemporary agricultural methodologies, including contract farming, this research systematically investigates factors influencing farmers' intentions in Iran. A survey methodology is employed for systematic information collection from a statistical population of 98,777 farmers in rural Markazi Province, Iran. Using the Karjesi and Morgan table for sample size determination, a representative subset of 383 farmers is selected through stratified random sampling, ensuring proportional assignment within strata. A researcher-made questionnaire, validated by expert panels and confirmed for reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, serves as the research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27, and structural equation modeling was performed with SmartPLS4. The findings reveal that trust (0.528), awareness (0.332), and attitude (0.168), exert the most substantial causal influence on farmers' intention to embrace contract farming. Consequently, the research findings offer practical recommendations for the adoption of contract farming, providing valuable insights to policymakers and stakeholders for implementing targeted interventions aimed at boosting farmers' willingness to participate in contractual agreements.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38671140
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60317-x
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-60317-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
9670Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
FAO. The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2018).
Caron, P. et al. Food systems for sustainable development: Proposals for a profound four-part transformation. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 38(4), 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0519-1 (2018).
doi: 10.1007/s13593-018-0519-1
pubmed: 30956691
pmcid: 6417402
World Bank Group. Joint statement by the heads of the Food and Agriculture Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank Group, World Food Programme and World Trade Organization on the Global Food and Nutrition Security Crisis. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/02/08/joint-statement-on-the-global-food-and-585nutrition-security-crisis (World Bank, 2023).
FAO. What is contract farming. https://www.fao.org/in-action/contract-farming/background/what-587is-contract-farming/en/ (2023).
Lencucha, R., Pal, N. E., Appau, A. & Drope, J. Government policy and agricultural production: A scoping review to inform research and policy on healthy agricultural commodities. Glob. Health 16, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-0542-2 (2020).
doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-0542-2
Darakeh, M., Zarafshani, K. & Sharaf, L. Functions and challenges of contract farming in Kermanshah Province. J. Rural Res. 12(2), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.22059/JRUR.2021.299968.1482 (2021).
doi: 10.22059/JRUR.2021.299968.1482
FAO. The Future of Food and Agriculture-Trends and Challenges 180 (FAO, 2017).
Holtland, G. Contract Farming in Ethiopia: Concept and Practice (Ruth Davies, AgriProFocus, 2017).
Bellemare, M. F. & Bloem, J. R. Does contract farming improve welfare? A review. World Dev. 112, 259–271 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.018
Barrett, C. B. et al. Smallholder participation in contract farming: Comparative evidence from five countries. World Dev. 40, 715–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.006 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.006
Väth, S. J., Gobien, S. & Kirk, M. Socio-economic well-being, contract farming, and property rights: Evidence from Ghana. Land Use Policy J. 81, 878–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2017.04.023 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2017.04.023
Khosravi, A. Contract Farming (Negarnoor Publications, 2015).
Okoye, A. C., Mbanasor, J. A. & Okoye, B. C. Market-oriented or not: A gender situation analyses of small holder sweet potato farmers in South East Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Manag. Dev. 10(1), 87–100 (2020).
Martey, E., Etwire, P., Wiredu, A. & Ahiabor, B. Establishing the link between market orientation and agricultural commercialization: Empirical evidence from Northern Ghana. Food Secur https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0688-9 (2017).
doi: 10.1007/s12571-017-0688-9
Mansoori, A. The main issues and problems of the agricultural sector. Donya-e-eqtesad, Newspaper number 614 5924, News number: 3788464 (2024).
Hung Anh, N., Bokelmann, W., Thuan, N. T., Nga, D. T. & Minh, N. V. Smallholders’ preferences for different contract farming models: Empirical evidence from sustainable certified coffee production in Vietnam. Sustainability 11, 3799. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143799(2019) (2019).
doi: 10.3390/su11143799(2019)
Noavaranonline. The mystery of contract farming development in Iran. News code: 188734 Date: July 13, 619 2019—15:29 (2019).
Meemken, E.-M. & Bellemare, M. F. Smallholder farmers and contract farming in developing countries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(1), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909501116 (2020).
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1909501116
pubmed: 31836695
Kalamkar, S. S. Inputs and services delivery system under contract farming: A case of broiler farming. Agric. Econ. Res. Rev. 25, 515–521. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.136383 (2012).
doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.136383
Bellemare, M. F., Lee, Y. N. & Novak, L. Contract farming as partial insurance. World Dev. 140, 105274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105274 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105274
Bellemare, M. F. & Novak, L. Contract farming and food security. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 99, 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw053 (2017).
doi: 10.1093/ajae/aaw053
Satish, B. S. Contract farming—A way to sustainable agriculture: A case of mango contract farming in Karnataka. SDMIMD J. Manag. 11, 9–20 (2021).
doi: 10.18311/sdmimd/2020/26237
Organization of Agriculture—Jahad-Markazi (2021)
Huijts, N. M. A., Molin, E. J. E. & Steg, L. Psychological factors influencing sustainable energy technology acceptance. A review-based comprehensive framework. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16(1), 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.018 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.018
Rogers, E. M. & Shoemaker, F. F. Communication of Innovations; A Cross-Cultural Approach (Free Press, 1971).
Dessart, F. J., Barreiro-Hurlé, J. & Bavel, R. Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: A policy-oriented review. Eur. Rev. Agric. Econ. 46(3), 417–471. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz019 (2019).
doi: 10.1093/erae/jbz019
Shabanali-Femi, H. & Choobchian, Sh. Contract farming, its necessities, and its characteristics. J. Agric. Jihad 28, 155–169 (2007).
Golestanian, M. M., Borazjani, A. M., Hamid, M. & Salarpour, M. Investigating the tendency of pistachio producers in Yazd Province to participate in contract farming. J. Agric. Econ. Res. 13(2), 127–153 (2017).
Golestanian, M., Nabieyan, S. & Mirzaei Khalil Abad, H. Factors affecting the selection of agricultural contracts from the viewpoint of farmers in the county of Bardsir: Method of mixed logit. Iran. J. Agric. Econ. Dev. Res. 51(2), 263–265 (2019).
Bahaman, A. S., Jeffrey, L. S., Hayrol Azril, M. S. & Jegak, U. Acceptance, attitude and knowledge towards agriculture economic, laboratory of rural advancement and agricultural extension, Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. J. Appl. Sci. 10(19), 2310–2315. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2010.2310.2315 (2010).
doi: 10.3923/jas.2010.2310.2315
Wang, H. H., Zhang, Y. & Wu, L. Is contract farming a risk management instrument for Chinese farmers?. China Agric. Econ. Rev. 3(4), 489–504 (2011).
doi: 10.1108/17561371111192347
Torero, M. & Viceisza, A. Potential collusion and trust: Evidence from a field experiment in Vietnam. Afr. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 11(1), 22–32 (2016).
Olounlade, O. A. et al. Impact of participation in contract farming on smallholder farmers’ income and food security in rural Benin: PSM and LATE parameter combined. Sustainability 12, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030901 (2020).
doi: 10.3390/su12030901
Arouna, A., Michler, J. D. & Lokossou, J. C. Contract farming and rural transformation: Evidence from a field experiment in Benin. J. Dev. Econ. 151, 102626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102626 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102626
pubmed: 34177043
pmcid: 8214072
Ren, Y., Peng, Y., Campos, B. C. & Li, H. The effect of contract farming on the environmentally sustainable production of rice in China. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 28, 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.08.011 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.08.011
Hoang, V. Impact of contract farming on farmers’ income in the food value chain: A theoretical analysis and empirical study in Vietnam. Agriculture 11(8), 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080797666 (2021).
doi: 10.3390/agriculture11080797666
Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research (Addison-Wesley, 1975).
Rogers, E. M. Diffusion of Innovations (The Free Press, 1983).
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. & Warshaw, P. R. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of tow theoretical models. Manag. Sci. 35(8), 982–1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982 (1989).
doi: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (Boston University School of Public Health, 1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T .
doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Taylor, S. & Todd, P. Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: A study of consumer adoption intentions. Int. J. Res. Mark. 12, 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(94)00019-K (1995).
doi: 10.1016/0167-8116(94)00019-K
Dishaw, M. T. & Strong, D. M. Extending the technology acceptance model with task-technology fit constructs. Inf. Manag. 36(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00101-3 (1999).
doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00101-3
Venkatesh, V. & Davis, F. D. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Manag. Sci. 46(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926 (2000).
doi: 10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. In Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation (ed. Ryan, R. M.) 85–107 (Oxford University Press, 2012).
doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0006
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B. & Davis, F. D. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Q. 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540 (2003).
doi: 10.2307/30036540
Mun, Y. Y., Jackson, J. D., Park, J. S. & Probst, J. C. Understanding information technology acceptance by individual professionals: Toward an integrative view. Inf. Manag. 43(3), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.08.006 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.im.2005.08.006
Venkatesh, V. & Bala, H. Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decis. Sci. 39(2), 273–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x (2008).
doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x
Venkatesh, V. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Q. 36(1), 157–178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412 (2012).
doi: 10.2307/41410412
Hameed, M. A., Counsell, S. & Swift, S. A conceptual model for the process of IT innovation adoption in organizations. J. Eng. Technol. Manag. 29(3), 358–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.03.007 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.03.007
Rana, N. P. & Dwivedi, Y. K. Citizen’s adoption of an e-government system: Validating extended social cognitive theory (SCT). Gov. Inf. Q. 32(2), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.02.002 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2015.02.002
Rogers, E. M. Diffusion of Innovations 4th edn. (The Free Press, 1995).
Dearing, J. & Cox, J. G. Diffusion of innovations theory, principles, and practice. Health Affairs https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1104 (2018).
doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1104
pubmed: 29401011
Ghorbannejad, M., Choobchian, S. H. & Farhadian, H. Investigating factors affecting farmer’s intention of adopting renewable energy technology in Larestan County. J. Econ. Res. Agric. Dev. Iran 2(50), 351–354 (2019).
Hoang, V. Impact of contract farming on farmers’ income in the food value chain: A theoretical analysis and empirical study in Vietnam. Agriculture 11(8), 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080797 (2021).
doi: 10.3390/agriculture11080797
Gwara, S., Wale, E. & Odindo, A. Behavioral intentions of rural farmers to recycle human excreta in agriculture. Sci. Rep. 12, 5890. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09917-z (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09917-z
pubmed: 35393503
pmcid: 8989988
Lauwere, C., Slegers, M. & Meeusen, M. The influence of behavioural factors and external conditions on Dutch farmers’ decision making in the transition towards circular agriculture. Land Use Policy 120(2022), 106253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106253 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106253
Pham, T. T., Dang, H. L., Pham, N. T. A. & Dang, H. D. Adoption of contract farming for managing agricultural risks: A case study in rice production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. J. Agribus. Dev. Emerg. Econ. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-05-2021-0107 (2021).
doi: 10.1108/JADEE-05-2021-0107
Statistical Center of Iran. Detailed results of the general agricultural census of Central Province (2018).
Ajzen, I. TPB questionnaire construction. https://people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf (2019).
Vinzi, V. E. et al. Handbook of partial least squares. Vol. 201. No. 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8 (Springer, 2010).
Fornell, C., David, F. L. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Market. Res. 18(1), 39–50 (1981).
Hair Jr, Joseph F., et al. An introduction to structural equation modeling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: a workbook. 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1 (2021).
Leguina, A. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) 220–221, https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2015.1005806 (2015).
Maloku, S., Çera, G., Poleshi, B., Lushi, I. & Metzker, Z. The effect of relationship quality on contract farming: The mediating role of conflict between trading partners in Albania. Econ. Sociol. 14(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-3/15(2021) (2021).
doi: 10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-3/15(2021)
Hou, J., Wu, L. & Hou, B. Risk attitude, contract arrangements and enforcement in food safety governance: A China’s agri-food supply chain scenario. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17(8), 2733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082733 (2020).
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082733
pubmed: 32326619
pmcid: 7215283
Azman, A., D’Silva, J. L., Samah, A. B., Man, N. & Shaffril, H. A. M. Relationship between attitude, knowledge, and support towards the acceptance of sustainable agriculture among contract farmers in Malaysia. Asian Soc. Sci. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n2p99 (2013).
doi: 10.5539/ass.v9n2p99
Vamuloh, V. V., Kozak, R. A. & Panwar, R. Voices unheard: Barriers to and opportunities for small farmers’ participation in oil palm contract farming. J. Clean. Prod. 275, 121955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121955(2020) (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121955(2020)
Tuan, N. P. Contract farming and its impact on income and livelihoods for small-scale farmers: Case study in Vietnam. J. Agribus. Rural Dev. 4(26), 147–166 (2012).
Sokchea, A. & Culas, R. J. Impact of contract farming with farmer organizations on farmers’ income: A case study of Reasmey Stung Sen Agricultural Development Cooperative in Cambodia. Australas. Agribus. Rev. 23, Paper 1 (2015).