Strategic approaches in oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnostics using liquid biopsy.

liquid biopsy next generation sequencing oral squamous cell carcinoma

Journal

Periodontology 2000
ISSN: 1600-0757
Titre abrégé: Periodontol 2000
Pays: Denmark
ID NLM: 9313276

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
27 Apr 2024
Historique:
revised: 06 02 2024
received: 01 11 2023
accepted: 23 03 2024
medline: 27 4 2024
pubmed: 27 4 2024
entrez: 27 4 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique used for monitoring cancer utilizing specific genetic biomarkers present in bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine. These analyses employ multiple biomolecular sources including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes (that contain DNA fragments) to detect genetic biomarkers that can predict, disclose, and/or monitor cancers. Levels of these biomarkers can inform on the presence of cancer, its genetic characteristics, and its potential treatment response and also provide predictive genetic predisposition information for specific cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Liquid biopsies can aid cancer management as they offer real-time dynamic information on the response to say chemotherapy or radiotherapy and recurrence following surgical excision. Unlike traditional tissue biopsies, which are invasive with a degree of morbidity and require specific tumor location sampling, liquid biopsies are noninvasive and can be repeated frequently. For oral squamous cell carcinoma, on which this review focuses, liquid biopsy of blood or saliva can be valuable in predicting susceptibility, providing early detection, and monitoring the disease's progression and response to therapy. This review gives a general narrative overview of the technology, its current medical usage, and advantages and disadvantages compared with current techniques and discusses a range of current potential biomarkers for disclosing OSCC and predicting its risk. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is all too often detected in the late stages. In future, liquid biopsy may provide an effective screening process such that cancers including OSCC will be detected in the early stages rather than later when prognosis is poor and morbidity and debilitation are greater. In this screening process, periodontists and hygienists have a critical role in that they are adept in examining mucosa, they see patients with shared risk factors for periodontitis and OSCC, namely smoking and poor oral hygiene, and they see patients frequently such that OSCC examinations should be a routine part of the recall visit. With this additional screening manpower, oral medicine and oral surgery colleagues will detect OSCC earlier and this coupled with new techniques such as liquid biopsy may greatly decrease global morbidity in OSCC.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38676371
doi: 10.1111/prd.12567
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2024 The Authors. Periodontology 2000 published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Auteurs

Denis F Kinane (DF)

Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
ExpressTest, Cignpost Diagnostics Ltd., Farnborough, United Kingdom.

Joerg Gabert (J)

University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

George Xynopoulos (G)

Medical Diagnostics Ltd, London, UK.

Esra Guzeldemir-Akcakanat (E)

Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Turkey.
College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar, Qatar.

Classifications MeSH