Protective Anti-Chlamydial Vaccine Regimen-Induced CD4+ T cell Response Mediates Early Inhibition of Pathogenic CD8+ T cell Response Following Genital Challenge.

We have demonstrated previously that TNF-α-producing CD8 + T cells mediate chlamydial pathogenesis, likely in an antigen (Ag)-specific fashion. Here we hypothesize that inhibition of Ag-specific CD8 + T cell response after immunization and/or challenge would correlate with protection against oviduct pathology induced by a protective vaccine regimen. Intranasal (i.n.) live chlamydial elementary body (EB), intramuscular (i.m.) live EB, or i.n. irrelevant antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA), immunized animals induced near-total protection, 50% protection, or no protection, respectively against oviduct pathology following i.vag. C. muridarum challenge. In these models, we evaluated Ag-specific CD8 + T cell cytokine response at various time-periods after immunization or challenge. The results show protective efficacy of vaccine regimens correlated with reduction of Ag-specific CD8 + T cell TNF-α responses following i.vag. chlamydial challenge, not after immunization. Depletion of CD4 + T cells abrogated, whereas adoptive transfer of Ag-specific CD4 + T cells induced the significant reduction of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell TNF- α response after chlamydial challenge. In conclusion, protective anti-chlamydial vaccine regimens induce Ag-specific CD4 + T cell response that mediate early inhibition of pathogenic CD8 + T cell response following challenge and may serve as a predictive biomarker of protection against Chlamydia -induced chronic pathologies.

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.