Multiple mycotoxins associated with maize (Zea mays L.) grains harvested from subsistence farmers' fields in southwestern Ethiopia.
Chromatography
Grain contamination
LC–MS/MS
Toxigenic fungi
Toxins
Journal
Mycotoxin research
ISSN: 1867-1632
Titre abrégé: Mycotoxin Res
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8807334
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 May 2024
02 May 2024
Historique:
received:
31
12
2023
accepted:
23
04
2024
revised:
13
04
2024
medline:
2
5
2024
pubmed:
2
5
2024
entrez:
2
5
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Fifty-four maize grain samples freshly harvested from subsistence farmers' fields in southwestern Ethiopia were analyzed for multiple mycotoxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method following extraction by acetonitrile/water/acetic acid on a rotary shaker. The grain samples were contaminated with a total of 164 metabolites, of which Fusarium and Penicillium metabolites were the most prevalent accounting for 27 and 30%, respectively. All the major mycotoxins and derivatives except one (citrinin) were of Fusarium origin. Zearalenone was the most frequent major mycotoxin occurring in 74% of the samples at concentrations of 0.32-1310 µg/kg. It was followed by nivalenol (63%), zearalenone-sulfate (44%), and fumonisin B1 (41%). Nivalenol, nivalenol glucoside, and fusarenon-X were detected at unusually high levels of 8-1700 µg/kg, 21-184 µg/kg, and 33-149 µg/kg, respectively. Deoxynivalenol and DON-3 glucoside contaminated 32% of the samples, each at levels of 15.9-5140 µg/kg and 10-583 µg/kg, respectively. Moniliformin and W493B occurred in 96 and 22% samples at levels of 3.27-4410 µg/kg and 3-652 µg/kg, respectively. Fumonisins were also detected in the samples at levels of 9-6770 µg/kg (B1), 16-1830 µg/kg (B2), 9.5-808 µg/kg (B3), and 1.3-128 µg/kg (A1). This study confirmed the presence of an array of mycotoxins contaminating maize grains right from the field. The effect of the co-occurring mycotoxins on consumers' health should be investigated along with that of the newly emerging ones. Results of the current study call for application of pre-harvest mycotoxin mitigation strategies to safeguard maize-based food and feed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38696043
doi: 10.1007/s12550-024-00536-3
pii: 10.1007/s12550-024-00536-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
ID : 862848
Organisme : Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
ID : 862848
Organisme : Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
ID : 862848
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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