The factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on theory of planned behavior in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Southern Iran.
Addiction treatment centers
Addicts
Relapse
Substance abuse
Theory of planned behavior
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 May 2024
08 May 2024
Historique:
received:
26
11
2023
accepted:
29
04
2024
medline:
9
5
2024
pubmed:
9
5
2024
entrez:
9
5
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Given the destructive nature of addiction and its relapse after quitting, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021-2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression. 190 people (47.50%) were aged 31-40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16-20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends' houses (Tables 1 and 2). 342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1-5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05). The current study's findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends' insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB's structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Given the destructive nature of addiction and its relapse after quitting, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran.
METHODS
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021-2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
RESULTS
190 people (47.50%) were aged 31-40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16-20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends' houses (Tables 1 and 2). 342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1-5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The current study's findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends' insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB's structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38720295
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18733-1
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-18733-1
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1265Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Koob GF, Kandel DB, Baler RD, Volkow ND. Neurobiology of Addiction. In: Tasman, A., et al. Tasman’s Psychiatry. New York City: Springer, Cham; 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_29-1 .
Sau M, Mukherjee A, Manna N, Sanyal S. Sociodemographic and substance use correlates of repeated relapse among patients presenting for relapse treatment at an addiction treatment center in Kolkata, India. Afr Health Sci. 2013;13(3):791–9.
pubmed: 24250323
pmcid: 3824454
U. Nations. World drug report. Vienna: United Nations publication; 2020.
E. M. C. f. Drugs, D. Addiction, and Europol. EU drug markets report 2019. Lisbon: EMCDDA and Europol, Publications Office of the European Union; 2019.
Akbari H, Roshanpajouh M, Nourijelyani K, Mansournia MA, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Yazdani K. Profile of drug users in the residential treatment centers of Tehran, Iran. Health Promot Perspect. 2019;9(3):248.
pubmed: 31508346
pmcid: 6717926
doi: 10.15171/hpp.2019.34
Jahormi LR, Alamdarloo SMM, Asmanjerdi MJE, Khoshroo M, Mazidi SS. The impact of drop in center services on homeless drug users’ quality of life, reduction of dangerous behaviours, and improvement of emotional regulation. NeuroQuantology. 2022;20(7):3127.
Khatami MG, Javidi H. Examining the factors effective in addiction potential among the adolescents in Shiraz. J Adv Pharm Educ Res. 2020;10(S4):141.
Ahmadi J, Sharifi M. Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in Shiraz, Iran. J Subst Use. 2002;7(4):251–4.
doi: 10.1080/14659890215692
White WL, Daneshmand R, Funk R, Dezhakam H. A Pilot study of smoking cessation within an Iranian addiction recovery community. Alcohol Treat Q. 2016;34(1):15–29.
doi: 10.1080/07347324.2016.1113108
Alam-Mehrjerdi Z, Abdollahi M, Higgs P, Dolan K. Drug use treatment and harm reduction programs in Iran: a unique model of health in the most populated Persian Gulf country. Asian J Psychiatr. 2015;16:78–83.
pubmed: 26168763
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.06.002
Zafarghandi MBS, Jadidi M, Khalili N. Iran’s activities on prevention, treatment and harm reduction of drug abuse. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2015;4(4):e22863.
Khorasani-Zavareh D, Mohammadi R, Khankeh HR, Laflamme L, Bikmoradi A, Haglund BJ. The requirements and challenges in preventing of road traffic injury in Iran. A qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):1–9.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-486
Brower KJ, Perron BE. Sleep disturbance as a universal risk factor for relapse in addictions to psychoactive substances. Med Hypotheses. 2010;74(5):928–33.
pubmed: 19910125
doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.020
Melemis SM. Focus: addiction: relapse prevention and the five rules of recovery. Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(3):325.
pubmed: 26339217
pmcid: 4553654
A. R. Toronto. The difference between a relapse and a slip. https://addictionrehabtoronto.ca/the-difference-between-a-relapse-and-a-slip/ . Accessed.
Sinha R. New findings on biological factors predicting addiction relapse vulnerability. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011;13:398–405.
pubmed: 21792580
pmcid: 3674771
doi: 10.1007/s11920-011-0224-0
Mohammadpoorasl A, et al. Addiction relapse and its predictors: a prospective study. J Addict Res Ther. 2012;3(01):122.
doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000122
Bhandari S, Dahal M, Neupane G. Factors associated with drug abuse relapse: a study on the clients of rehabilitation centers. Hindu. 2015;99(1):84–6.
Ahmadi K, Maleki M, Alipour M. Addiction relapse in iranian veterans: determination of etiologies and solutions. Iran J War Public Health. 2010;2(4):40–4.
Sadeghieh Ahari S, Azami A, Barak M, Amani F. Factors affecting the relapse among the patients referring voluntarily to addiction-abandoning centers, 2000. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2004;4(2):36–41.
Deepti SS, Kaur S, Kaur J. A study of drug relapse and its associated factors among cases admitted in Swami Vivekananda Drug De-addiction Centre, GMC, Amritsar. J Interdiscip Multidiscip Res. 2014;2(2):100–5.
Afkar A, Rezvani SM, Sigaroudi AE. Measurement of factors influencing the relapse of addiction: a factor analysis. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2017;6(3):e32141.
Ajzen I. Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior 1. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2002;32(4):665–83.
doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
Zemore SE, Ajzen I. Predicting substance abuse treatment completion using a new scale based on the theory of planned behavior. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;46(2):174–82.
pubmed: 23953167
doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.06.011
Kelly PJ, Deane FP, McCarthy Z, Crowe TP. Using the theory of planned behaviour and barriers to treatment to predict intention to enter further treatment following residential drug and alcohol detoxification: a pilot study. Addict Res Theory. 2011;19(3):276–82.
doi: 10.3109/16066359.2011.564690
Abdollahi Z, Taghizadeh F, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Bahramzad O. Relationship between addiction relapse and self-efficacy rates in injection drug users referred to Maintenance Therapy Center of Sari, 1391. Global J Health Sci. 2014;6(3):138.
doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n3p138
Mousali AA, et al. Factors affecting substance use relapse among Iranian addicts. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10:129.
pubmed: 34222504
pmcid: 8224517
doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_984_20
Ataee M, Jouybari A, Alavijeh MM, Aghaei A, Mahboubi M, Motlagh FZ. Factors related with intention to methadone maintenance treatment among Iranian men addicts. Life Sci J. 2014;11(4s):228–31.
Pissamorn C, Kaeodumkoeng K, Therawiwat M. An application of theory of planned behavior on methamphetamine relapse prevention among persons with drug addict rehabilitation at drug addicts rehabilitation center. J Health Educ. 2019;42(1):68–79.
Mirzaei T, Ravary A, Hanifi N, Miri S, Oskouie F, Mirzaei Khalil Abadi S. Addicts’ perspectives about factors associated with substance abuse relapse. Iran J Nurs. 2010;23(67):49–58.
Amin-Esmaeili M, et al. Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey. Addiction. 2016;111(10):1836–47.
pubmed: 27177849
doi: 10.1111/add.13453
Guindalini C, Vallada H, Breen G, Laranjeira R. Concurrent crack and powder cocaine users from Sao Paulo: do they represent a different group? BMC Public Health. 2006;6:1–7.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-10
Sharifinia A, Nejati M, Bayazi MH, Motamedi H. Investigating the relationship between addiction to mobile social networking with marital commitment and extramarital affairs in married students at Quchan Azad University. Contemp Fam Ther. 2019;41(4):401–7.
doi: 10.1007/s10591-019-09507-8
Makarem S, Zanjani Z. The relationship between individual and family religiosity with substance abuse. Sci Quart Res Addict. 2014;7(28):75–88.
Coviello DM, Alterman AI, Cacciola JS, Rutherford MJ, Zanis DA. The role of family history in addiction severity and treatment response. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2004;26(1):1–11.
doi: 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00143-0
Habibi M, Alahdadi S, Mohammadi L, Ghanbari N. Psychometric properties of Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) in dependent people with drug and alcohol. Pajoohandeh J. 2016;21(3):153–60.
Habibi M, Besharat MA, Bahrami-Ehsan H, Rostami R, Ferrer-Wreder L. Predicting substance use in adolescents based on risk indices and individual protective preventing, family, peers and location. J Clin Psychol. 2012;4(1):43–54.
Falahzade H, Hoseyni N. Reviewing the causes of recurred addiction from the perspective of addicts who referred to welfare center of Yazd city. Tolooe Behdasht J. 2005;15(1):2.
Friedmann PD, Saitz R, Samet JH. Management of adults recovering from alcohol or other drug problems: relapse prevention in primary care. JAMA. 1998;279(15):1227–31.
pubmed: 9555766
doi: 10.1001/jama.279.15.1227
Amani F, Sadeghieh S, Salamati P. Characteristics of self introduced addicts in Ardebil. Payesh (Health Monitor). 2005;4(1):55–9.
Taghva A, Kazemi H, Abbas R, Ebrahim M, Mostafazade B. The relapse rate, one and six months after detoxification in opioid dependent patients. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2009;7:35–8.
Henkel D. Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990–2010). Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011;4(1):4–27.
pubmed: 21466502
doi: 10.2174/1874473711104010004
Tarrahi M, Ansari H, Heydari K, Sharhani A, Akrami R, Holakouie Naeini K. Viewpoint of care providers and self-reported substance drug addicts referring to withdrawal centers about etiology of re-addiction in Khoramabad, 2010. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2013;12(4):299–308.
Ahmadpanah M, Haghighi M, Behfar M, Moradi A, Nazaribadie M. Investigation of factors affecting on relapse of addiction in substance abuse patients referred to narcotics anonymous population. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care. 2018;26(4):247–56.
Mansouri A. Prevalence and attitude about using drugs and tobaccos in male students. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;13(suppl 1):e95292.
Allahverdipour H, Farhadinasab A, Bashirian S, Mahjub H. Pattern of drug abuse among younger adults. J Yazd Univ Med Sci. 2007;15(4):35–42.
Moeini B, Bashirian S, Moghimbeigi A, Kafami V, Mousali A. Effect of educational program to decrease substance abuse among suburban bus drivers based on theory of planned behavior. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2015;21(4):330–40.
Orbell S, Blair C, Sherlock K, Conner M. The theory of planned behavior and ecstasy use: roles for habit and perceived control over taking versus obtaining substances. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2001;31(1):31–47.
doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02480.x
Olds RS, Thombs DL, Tomasek JR. Relations between normative beliefs and initiation intentions toward cigarette, alcohol and marijuana. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37(1):75.
pubmed: 15963910
doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.09.020
Moan IS, Rise J. Predicting intentions not to “drink and drive” using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. Accid Anal Prev. 2011;43(4):1378–84.
pubmed: 21545869
doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.012
Hazavehei SMM, Sharifirad GR, Kargar M. The comparison of educational intervention effect using BASNEF and classic models on improving assertion skill level. 2008.