Cognitive and psychopathological outcomes in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Individuals with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) can experience persistent cognitive deficits and psychopathology, which significantly interferes with daily functioning and quality of life. Here, we review the current literature to characterise the cognitive and psychological sequelae, suggest avenues for further research and discuss the implications for clinical practice. Research on this topic is largely limited to the paediatric population with a few case studies in the adult population. The current evidence demonstrates persistent cognitive deficits in attention and information processing speed, as well as elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results are mixed for executive functions and memory, while language and visuospatial functions are relatively undisturbed. There is emerging evidence to suggest that individuals-particularly children-with ADEM experience persistent cognitive deficits and suffer from elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments are recommended to guide intervention and monitor progress. Further research is required to clarify our understanding of the cognitive and psychological outcomes following ADEM and the factors that influence them.

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Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: TJO has received support from the National Health and Medical Research Council, The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Monash University. He has been supported by research grants and consultancies to his institution from Eisai, UCB Pharma, Praxis Precision Medicines, BioGen and Supernus.CBM has received conference travel support and/or speaker fees from Merck, Novartis, and Biogen. He has received research support from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuroscience Foundation, and Dementia Australia.MM has served on the advisory board for Merck and has received speaker honoraria from Merck, Biogen and Novartis. Her institution receives funding from Merck, Australian National Health Medical Research Council, and MS Research Australia. RA and CK have no conflicts of interest to declare.