Skeletal impact of parathyroidectomy on patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Parathyroidectomy is recommended for curing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), although uncertainty remains regarding the extent of fracture risk reduction following surgery. To compare fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) changes in patients with PHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTX) versus observation (OBS). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until September 2022, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and reviewed citations from previous reviews. Among 1,260 initial records, 48 eligible articles from 35 studies (5 RCTs; 30 cohorts) included PHPT patients receiving PTX or OBS interventions with reported fracture events at any site, including the hip, spine, or forearm, and/or BMD changes at each location. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines by two independent reviewers. In 238,188 PHPT patients (PTX: 73,778 vs. OBS: 164,410), parathyroidectomy significantly reduced fractures at any site (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.74-0.86) compared to observation. In 237,217 patients (PTX: 73,458 vs. OBS: 163,759), the risk of hip fractures decreased (RR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.52-0.76). No reduction in forearm and vertebral fractures was observed in 3,574 and 3,795 patients, respectively. The annual percentage BMD changes from baseline were higher in the PTX group: femoral neck, 1.91% (95%CI, 1.14-2.68); hip, 1.75% (95%CI, 0.58-2.92); radius, 1.75% (95%CI, 0.31-3.18); spine, 2.13% (95%CI, 1.16-3.10). Parathyroidectomy significantly reduced overall and hip fracture risks in PHPT patients. Despite minimal BMD increase, the substantial decrease in fracture risk suggests additional benefits of PTX beyond mineral content enhancement.

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