Rapid seagrass meadow expansion in an Indian Ocean bright spot.


Journal

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
13 05 2024
Historique:
received: 26 02 2024
accepted: 30 04 2024
medline: 14 5 2024
pubmed: 14 5 2024
entrez: 13 5 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The areal extent of seagrass meadows is in rapid global decline, yet they provide highly valuable societal benefits. However, their conservation is hindered by data gaps on current and historic spatial extents. Here, we outline an approach for national-scale seagrass mapping and monitoring using an open-source platform (Google Earth Engine) and freely available satellite data (Landsat, Sentinel-2) that can be readily applied in other countries globally. Specifically, we map contemporary (2021) and historical (2000-2021; n = 10 maps) shallow water seagrass extent across the Maldives. We found contemporary Maldivian seagrass extent was ~ 105 km

Identifiants

pubmed: 38740840
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61088-1
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-61088-1
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

10879

Subventions

Organisme : Northumbria University
ID : RDF
Organisme : Leverhulme Trust
ID : RPG-2021-417
Organisme : Leverhulme Trust
ID : RPG-2021-417

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Unsworth, R. K. F., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Jones, B. L. H. & Lilley, R. J. The planetary role of seagrass conservation. Science 1979(377), 609–613 (2022).
doi: 10.1126/science.abq6923
Unsworth, R. K. F., Nordlund, L. M. & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. Seagrass meadows support global fisheries production. Conserv. Lett. 12, e12566 (2019).
doi: 10.1111/conl.12566
Lamb, J. B. et al. Seagrass ecosystems reduce exposure to bacterial pathogens of humans, fishes, and invertebrates. Science 355, 731LP – 733 (2017).
doi: 10.1126/science.aal1956
Fonseca, M. S. & Cahalan, J. A. A preliminary evaluation of wave attenuation by four species of seagrass. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 35, 565–576 (1992).
doi: 10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80039-3
East, H. K. et al. Seagrass meadows are important sources of reef island-building sediment. Commun. Earth Environ. 4, 33 (2023).
doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00675-y
Fourqurean, J. W. et al. Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nat. Geosci. 5, 505–509 (2012).
doi: 10.1038/ngeo1477
Dunic, J. C., Brown, C. J., Connolly, R. M., Turschwell, M. P. & Côté, I. M. Long-term declines and recovery of meadow area across the world’s seagrass bioregions. Glob. Change Biol. 27(17), 4096–4109 (2021).
doi: 10.1111/gcb.15684
Santos, C. B. et al. Recent trend reversal for declining European seagrass meadows. Nat. Commun. 10, 3356 (2019).
pubmed: 31350407 pmcid: 6659699 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11340-4
Lefcheck, J. S., Wilcox, D. J., Murphy, R. R., Marion, S. R. & Orth, R. J. Multiple stressors threaten the imperiled coastal foundation species eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 3474–3483 (2017).
pubmed: 28165203 doi: 10.1111/gcb.13623
Arias-Ortiz, A. et al. A marine heatwave drives massive losses from the world’s largest seagrass carbon stocks. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 338–344 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0096-y
Tsujimoto, R. et al. Damage to seagrass and seaweed beds in Matsushima Bay, Japan, caused by the huge tsunami of the great east Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. Int. J. Remote Sens. 37, 5843–5863 (2016).
doi: 10.1080/01431161.2016.1249300
Waycott, M. et al. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Nat. Acad. Sci. 106, 12377–12381 (2009).
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0905620106
James, R. K. et al. Climate change mitigation by coral reefs and seagrass beds at risk: How global change compromises coastal ecosystem services. Sci. Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159576 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159576 pubmed: 36273559 pmcid: 9830667
Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. & Unsworth, R. A call for seagrass protection. Science 361, 446–448 (2018).
pubmed: 30072524 doi: 10.1126/science.aat7318
United Nations Environment Programme. Out of the Blue: The Value of Seagrasses to the Environment and to People. (UNEP, Nairobi, 2020).
Blume, A., Pertiwi, A. P., Lee, C. B. & Traganos, D. Bahamian seagrass extent and blue carbon accounting using Earth observation. Front. Mar. Sci. vol. 10 Preprint at (2023).
Traganos, D. et al. Spatially explicit seagrass extent mapping across the entire mediterranean. Front. Mar. Sci. 22, 9 (2022).
Lyons, M. B. et al. Mapping the world’s coral reefs using a global multiscale earth observation framework. Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv. 6, 557–568 (2020).
doi: 10.1002/rse2.157
Turschwell, M. P. et al. Anthropogenic pressures and life history predict trajectories of seagrass meadow extent at a global scale. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 118, e2110802118 (2021).
pubmed: 34725160 pmcid: 8609331 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2110802118
Allen Coral Atlas. Imagery, maps and monitoring of the world’s tropical coral reefs. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3833242 (2022).
Roelfsema, C. M. et al. Multi-temporal mapping of seagrass cover, species and biomass: A semi-automated object based image analysis approach. Remote Sens. Environ. 150, 172–187 (2014).
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.05.001
Lyons, M. B., Phinn, S. R. & Roelfsema, C. M. Long term land cover and seagrass mapping using Landsat and object-based image analysis from 1972 to 2010 in the coastal environment of South East Queensland, Australia. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 71, 34–46 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.05.002
Knudby, A., Newman, C., Shaghude, Y. & Muhando, C. Simple and effective monitoring of historic changes in nearshore environments using the free archive of Landsat imagery. Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinform. 12, S116–S122 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2009.09.002
McKenzie, L. J. et al. The global distribution of seagrass meadows. Environ. Res. Lett. 15, 74041 (2020).
doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7d06
Ali, M. Sustainable Management of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME), The Maldives: National Report. (2004).
MEE. State of the environment 2016. Ministry of Environment and Energy (2017).
Miller, M. & Sluka, R. Patterns of seagrass and sediment nutrient distribution suggest anthropogenic enrichment in Laamu Atoll, Republic of Maldives. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 38, 1152–1156 (1999).
doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00147-2
MEE. Fifth National Report of Maldives to the Convetion on Biological Diverity. Maldives. Ministry of Environment and Energy (2015).
McHenry, J. et al. Geographic variation in organic carbon storage by seagrass beds. Limnol. Oceanogr. 68, 1256–1268 (2023).
doi: 10.1002/lno.12343
Lavery, P. S., Mateo, M.-A., Serrano, O. & Rozaimi, M. Variability in the carbon storage of seagrass habitats and its implications for global estimates of blue carbon ecosystem service) variability in the carbon storage of seagrass habitats and its implications for global estimates of blue carbon ecosystem service. PLoS One 8, 73748 (2013).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073748
Duarte, C. M. Seagrass depth limits. Aquat. Bot. 40, 363–377 (1991).
doi: 10.1016/0304-3770(91)90081-F
Potouroglou, M. et al. Measuring the role of seagrasses in regulating sediment surface elevation. Sci. Rep. 7, 11917 (2017).
pubmed: 28928433 pmcid: 5605501 doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12354-y
Ibrahim, N. et al. Status of Coral Bleaching in the Maldives 2016. (2017).
Government of Australia and Marine Research Centre. An Assessment of Damage to Maldivian Coral Reefs and Baitfish Populations from the India Ocean Tsunami. (2005).
Unsworth, R. K. F. et al. High connectivity of Indo-Pacific seagrass fish assemblages with mangrove and coral reef habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 353, 213–224 (2008).
doi: 10.3354/meps07199
Unsworth, R. K. F., Hinder, S. L., Bodger, O. G. & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. Food supply depends on seagrass meadows in the coral triangle. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 94005 (2014).
doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094005
Aoki, L. R., McGlathery, K. J. & Oreska, M. P. J. Seagrass restoration reestablishes the coastal nitrogen filter through enhanced burial. Limnol. Oceanogr. 65, 1–12 (2020).
doi: 10.1002/lno.11241
Unsworth, R. K. F., Collier, C. J., Henderson, G. M. & McKenzie, L. J. Tropical seagrass meadows modify seawater carbon chemistry: Implications for coral reefs impacted by ocean acidification. Environ. Res. Lett. 7, 24026 (2012).
doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024026
Brown, K. T., Bender-Champ, D., Bryant, D. E. P., Dove, S. & Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Human activities influence benthic community structure and the composition of the coral–algal interactions in the central Maldives. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 497, 33–40 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.09.006
Udy, J., Dennison, W., Long, W. & McKenzie, L. Responses of seagrass to nutrients in the great barrier reef Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 185, 257 (1999).
doi: 10.3354/meps185257
Kleypas, J. A., McManus, J. W. & Meñez, L. A. B. Environmental limits to coral reef development: Where do we draw the line?. Am. Zool. 39, 146–159 (1999).
doi: 10.1093/icb/39.1.146
Painter, S. C. et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution threats and challenges to the health of South Asian coral reefs. Front. Mar. Sci. 10, 1187804 (2023).
doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1187804
Statton, J., Kendrick, G. A., Dixon, K. W. & Cambridge, M. L. Inorganic nutrient supplements constrain restoration potential of seedlings of the seagrass Posidonia Australis. Restor. Ecol. 22, 196–203 (2014).
doi: 10.1111/rec.12072
Balestri, E. & Lardicci, C. Effects of sediment fertilization and burial on Cymodocea nodosa transplants: Implications for seagrass restoration under a changing climate. Restor Ecol 22, 240–247 (2014).
doi: 10.1111/rec.12052
MEE. National Water and Sewerage Policy. Ministry of Environment and Energy, Malé, Maldives (2017).
East, H. K., Perry, C. T., Kench, P. S., Liang, Y. & Gulliver, P. Coral reef Island initiation and development under higher than present sea levels. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, 11211–265274 (2018).
doi: 10.1029/2018GL079589
Van Maren, D. S., Oost, A. P., Wang, Z. B. & Vos, P. C. The effect of land reclamations and sediment extraction on the suspended sediment concentration in the Ems Estuary. Mar. Geol. 376, 147–157 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2016.03.007
Van Maren, D. S., van Kessel, T., Cronin, K. & Sittoni, L. The impact of channel deepening and dredging on estuarine sediment concentration. Cont. Shelf Res. 95, 1–14 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2014.12.010
Robertson, B. P. & Savage, C. Thresholds in catchment nitrogen load for shifts from seagrass to nuisance macroalgae in shallow intertidal estuaries. Limnol. Oceanogr. 66, 1353–1366 (2021).
doi: 10.1002/lno.11689
Purvaja, R. et al. Seagrass meadows as proxy for assessment of ecosystem health. Ocean Coast. Manag. 159, 34–45 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.026
Altieri, A. H. et al. Tropical dead zones and mass mortalities on coral reefs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 114, 3660–3665 (2017).
pubmed: 28320966 pmcid: 5389270 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1621517114
Mumby, P. J., Hastings, A. & Edwards, H. J. Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450, 98–101 (2007).
pubmed: 17972885 doi: 10.1038/nature06252
Hughes, T. P. Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 1979(265), 1547–1551 (1994).
doi: 10.1126/science.265.5178.1547
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C. & Walker, B. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413, 591–596 (2001).
pubmed: 11595939 doi: 10.1038/35098000
Alvarez-Filip, L., Dulvy, N. K., Gill, J. A., Côté, I. M. & Watkinson, A. R. Flattening of Caribbean coral reefs: Region-wide declines in architectural complexity. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 276, 3019–3025 (2009).
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0339
Perry, C. T., Spencer, T. & Kench, P. S. Carbonate budgets and reef production states: A geomorphic perspective on the ecological phase-shift concept. Coral Reefs 27, 853–866 (2008).
doi: 10.1007/s00338-008-0418-z
Graham, N. A. J., Jennings, S., MacNeil, M. A., Mouillot, D. & Wilson, S. K. Predicting climate-driven regime shifts versus rebound potential in coral reefs. Nature 518, 94–97 (2015).
pubmed: 25607371 doi: 10.1038/nature14140
Naeem, S. & Sattar, S. A compilation of reported fish kills in the Maldives. http://saruna.mnu.edu.mv/jspui/handle/123456789/4516 (2007).
Kench, P. Maldives BT- Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs: Structure, Form and Process. in (ed. Hopley, D.) 648–653 (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011).
Planet Team. Planet application program interface: In Space for Life on Earth. Preprint at (2017).
Unsworth, R. K. F. et al. Global challenges for seagrass conservation. Ambio 48, 801–815 (2019).
pubmed: 30456457 doi: 10.1007/s13280-018-1115-y
Maldives Bureau of statistics. Gross domestic product. www.statisticsmaldives.gov.mv (2021).
Blue Marine Foundation. Quarter of all high-end maldives resorts commit to protect maldives seagrass. https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/2019/07/01/quarter-of-all-high-end-maldives-resorts-commit-to-protect-maldives-seagrass (2019).
Stevens, G. M. W. & Froman, N. Chapter 10—The Maldives Archipelago. in (ed. Sheppard, C. B. T.-W. S. an E. E. (Second E.) 211–236 (Academic Press, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100853-9.00010-5 .
The World Bank. Population, total–Maldives. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=MV (2023).
Pichon, M. & Benzoni, F. Taxonomic re-appraisal of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals in the Maldive Archipelago. Zootaxa 1441, 21–33 (2007).
doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1441.1.2
Roelfsema, C. M. et al. Workflow for the generation of expert-derived training and validation data: A view to global scale habitat mapping. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 643381 (2021).
doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.643381
Rodriguez-Ramirez, A. et al. A contemporary baseline record of the world’s coral reefs. Sci. Data. 7, 355 (2020).
pubmed: 33082344 pmcid: 7576589 doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-00698-6
Mountrakis, G., Im, J. & Ogole, C. Support vector machines in remote sensing: A review. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 66, 247–259 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.11.001
Potapov, P., Turubanova, S. & Hansen, M. C. Regional-scale boreal forest cover and change mapping using Landsat data composites for European Russia. Remote Sens. Environ. 115, 548–561 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.001
Gómez, C., White, J. C. & Wulder, M. A. Optical remotely sensed time series data for land cover classification: A review. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 116, 55–72 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.008
Schroeder, T. A., Cohen, W. B., Song, C., Canty, M. J. & Yang, Z. Radiometric correction of multi-temporal Landsat data for characterization of early successional forest patterns in western Oregon. Remote Sens. Environ. 103, 16–26 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.008
Schulz, D. et al. Land use mapping using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series in a heterogeneous landscape in Niger, Sahel. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 178, 97–111 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.06.005
Xu, Y. et al. Tracking annual cropland changes from 1984 to 2016 using time-series landsat images with a change-detection and post-classification approach: Experiments from three sites in Africa. Remote Sens. Environ. 218, 13–31 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.09.008
Jin, S., Yang, L., Zhu, Z. & Homer, C. A land cover change detection and classification protocol for updating Alaska NLCD 2001 to 2011. Remote Sens. Environ. 195, 44–55 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.021
Riley, S., Degloria, S. & Elliot, S. D. A terrain ruggedness index that quantifies topographic heterogeneity. Int. J. Sci. 5, 23–27 (1999).
R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2018).
Brooks, M, E. et al. glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalised linear mixed modelling. R J. 9(2), 378–400 (2017).
doi: 10.32614/RJ-2017-066
Akaike, H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 19, 716–723 (1974).
doi: 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705
Hartig, F. DHARMa: Residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed. R package version 0.4.6. Preprint at (2022).

Auteurs

Matthew Floyd (M)

Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK. m.floyd@northumbria.ac.uk.

Holly K East (HK)

Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.

Dimosthenis Traganos (D)

German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, 12489, Berlin, Germany.

Azim Musthag (A)

Small Island Research Group, Faresmaathoda, 10780, Maldives.

James Guest (J)

School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.

Aminath S Hashim (AS)

Blue Marine Foundation, M. Beach Side, Handhuvaree Hingun, Malé, 20285, Maldives.

Vivienne Evans (V)

Blue Marine Foundation, Somerset House, Strand, London, WC2R 1LA, UK.

Stephanie Helber (S)

Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.

Richard K F Unsworth (RKF)

Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.

Andrew J Suggitt (AJ)

Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.

Articles similaires

India Carbon Sequestration Environmental Monitoring Carbon Biomass
Lakes Salinity Archaea Bacteria Microbiota
Rivers Turkey Biodiversity Environmental Monitoring Animals
1.00
Iran Environmental Monitoring Seasons Ecosystem Forests

Classifications MeSH