Correlative single molecule lattice light sheet imaging reveals the dynamic relationship between nucleosomes and the local chromatin environment.


Journal

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
16 May 2024
Historique:
received: 21 11 2023
accepted: 03 05 2024
medline: 17 5 2024
pubmed: 17 5 2024
entrez: 16 5 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

In the nucleus, biological processes are driven by proteins that diffuse through and bind to a meshwork of nucleic acid polymers. To better understand this interplay, we present an imaging platform to simultaneously visualize single protein dynamics together with the local chromatin environment in live cells. Together with super-resolution imaging, new fluorescent probes, and biophysical modeling, we demonstrate that nucleosomes display differential diffusion and packing arrangements as chromatin density increases whereas the viscoelastic properties and accessibility of the interchromatin space remain constant. Perturbing nuclear functions impacts nucleosome diffusive properties in a manner that is dependent both on local chromatin density and on relative location within the nucleus. Our results support a model wherein transcription locally stabilizes nucleosomes while simultaneously allowing for the free exchange of nuclear proteins. Additionally, they reveal that nuclear heterogeneity arises from both active and passive processes and highlight the need to account for different organizational principles when modeling different chromatin environments.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38755200
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48562-0
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-48562-0
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

4178

Subventions

Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
ID : GM126900

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Grasser, F. et al. Replication-timing-correlated spatial chromatin arrangements in cancer and in primate interphase nuclei. J. Cell Sci. 121, 1876–1886 (2008).
pubmed: 18477608 doi: 10.1242/jcs.026989
Chen, Y. et al. Mapping 3D genome organization relative to nuclear compartments using TSA-Seq as a cytological rulerTSA-Seq mapping of nuclear genome organization. J. Cell Biol. 217, 4025–4048 (2018).
pubmed: 30154186 pmcid: 6219710 doi: 10.1083/jcb.201807108
Quinodoz, S. A. et al. Higher-order inter-chromosomal hubs shape 3D genome organization in the nucleus. Cell 174, 744–757.e24 (2018).
pubmed: 29887377 pmcid: 6548320 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.024
Spector, D. L., Schrier, W. H. & Busch, H. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of snRNPs. Biol. Cell 49, 1–10 (1984).
doi: 10.1111/j.1768-322X.1984.tb00215.x
Brown, D. D. & Gurdon, J. B. Absence of ribosomal RNA synthesis in the anucleolate mutant of Xenopus laevis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 51, 139–146 (1964).
pubmed: 14106673 pmcid: 300879 doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.1.139
Kornberg, R. D. Chromatin structure: a repeating unit of histones and DNA. Science 184, 868–871 (1974).
pubmed: 4825889 doi: 10.1126/science.184.4139.868
Ou, H. D. et al. ChromEMT: Visualizing 3D chromatin structure and compaction in interphase and mitotic cells. Science 357, eaag0025 (2017).
pubmed: 28751582 pmcid: 5646685 doi: 10.1126/science.aag0025
Ricci, M. A., Manzo, C., García-Parajo, M. F., Lakadamyali, M. & Cosma, M. P. Chromatin fibers are formed by heterogeneous groups of nucleosomes in vivo. Cell 160, 1145–1158 (2015).
pubmed: 25768910 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.054
Miron, E. et al. Chromatin arranges in chains of mesoscale domains with nanoscale functional topography independent of cohesin. Sci. Adv. 6, eaba8811 (2020).
pubmed: 32967822 pmcid: 7531892 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8811
Nozaki, T. et al. Dynamic organization of chromatin domains revealed by super-resolution live-cell imaging. Mol. Cell 67, 282–293.e7 (2017).
pubmed: 28712725 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.018
Cremer, M. et al. Cohesin depleted cells rebuild functional nuclear compartments after endomitosis. Nat. Commun. 11, 6146 (2020).
pubmed: 33262376 pmcid: 7708632 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19876-6
Stack, S. M., Brown, D. B. & Dewey, W. C. Visualization of interphase chromosomes. J. Cell Sci. 26, 281–299 (1977).
pubmed: 562895 doi: 10.1242/jcs.26.1.281
Zorn, C., Cremer, T., Cremer, C. & Zimmer, J. Laser UV microirradiation of interphase nuclei and post-treatment with caffeine. Hum. Genet. 35, 83–89 (1976).
pubmed: 1002167 doi: 10.1007/BF00295622
Mirny, L. A. The fractal globule as a model of chromatin architecture in the cell. Chromosome Res. 19, 37–51 (2011).
pubmed: 21274616 pmcid: 3040307 doi: 10.1007/s10577-010-9177-0
Nozaki, T. et al. Condensed but liquid-like domain organization of active chromatin regions in living human cells. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf1488 (2023).
pubmed: 37018405 pmcid: 10075990 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1488
Gómez-García, P. A. et al. Mesoscale modeling and single-nucleosome tracking reveal remodeling of clutch folding and dynamics in stem cell differentiation. Cell Rep. 34, 108614 (2021).
pubmed: 33440158 pmcid: 7842188 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108614
Gelléri, M. et al. True-to-scale DNA-density maps correlate with major accessibility differences between active and inactive chromatin. Cell Rep. 42, 112567 (2023).
pubmed: 37243597 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112567
Nagashima, R. et al. Single nucleosome imaging reveals loose genome chromatin networks via active RNA polymerase II. J. Cell Biol. 218, 1511–1530 (2019).
pubmed: 30824489 pmcid: 6504897 doi: 10.1083/jcb.201811090
Saxton, M. N., Morisaki, T., Krapf, D., Kimura, H. & Stasevich, T. J. Live-cell imaging uncovers the relationship between histone acetylation, transcription initiation, and nucleosome mobility. Sci. Adv. 9, eadh4819 (2023).
Iida, S. et al. Single-nucleosome imaging reveals steady-state motion of interphase chromatin in living human cells. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn5626 (2022).
pubmed: 35658044 pmcid: 9166292 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5626
Bancaud, A. et al. Molecular crowding affects diffusion and binding of nuclear proteins in heterochromatin and reveals the fractal organization of chromatin. EMBO J 28, 3785–3798 (2009).
pubmed: 19927119 pmcid: 2797059 doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.340
Chen, B.-C. et al. Lattice light-sheet microscopy: imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution. Science 346, 1257998 (2014).
pubmed: 25342811 pmcid: 4336192 doi: 10.1126/science.1257998
Shi, Y., Daugird, T. A. & Legant, W. R. A quantitative analysis of various patterns applied in lattice light sheet microscopy. Nat. Commun. 13, 4607 (2022).
pubmed: 35941165 pmcid: 9360440 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32341-w
Grimm, J. B. et al. A general method to improve fluorophores for live-cell and single-molecule microscopy. Nat. Methods 12, 244–250 (2015).
pubmed: 25599551 pmcid: 4344395 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3256
Los, G. V. et al. HaloTag: a novel protein labeling technology for cell imaging and protein analysis. ACS Chem. Biol. 3, 373–382 (2008).
pubmed: 18533659 doi: 10.1021/cb800025k
Su, J.-H., Zheng, P., Kinrot, S. S., Bintu, B. & Zhuang, X. Genome-scale imaging of the 3D organization and transcriptional activity of chromatin. Cell 182, 1641–1659.e26 (2020).
pubmed: 32822575 pmcid: 7851072 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.032
Schmid, V. J., Cremer, M. & Cremer, T. Quantitative analyses of the 3D nuclear landscape recorded with super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. Methods 123, 33–46 (2017).
pubmed: 28323041 doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.03.013
Fleming, P. J. & Fleming, K. G. HullRad: fast calculations of folded and disordered protein and nucleic acid hydrodynamic properties. Biophys. J. 114, 856–869 (2018).
pubmed: 29490246 pmcid: 5984988 doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.002
Deo, C. et al. The HaloTag as a general scaffold for far-red tunable chemigenetic indicators. Nat. Chem. Biol. 17, 718–723 (2021).
pubmed: 33795886 doi: 10.1038/s41589-021-00775-w
Holland, K. L. et al. A series of spontaneously blinking dyes for super-resolution microscopy. bioRXiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.23.581625 (2024).
Tang, J. & Han, K. Y. Extended field-of-view single-molecule imaging by highly inclined swept illumination. Optica 5, 1063–1069 (2018).
doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.001063
Peebles, P. J. E. Statistical analysis of catalogs of extragalactic objects. Theory Astrophys. J. 185, 413 (1973).
doi: 10.1086/152431
Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J. & Xu, X. A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clustersin Large Spatial Databases with Noise. kdd 96, 226–231 (1996).
Schubert, E., Sander, J., Ester, M., Kriegel, H. P. & Xu, X. DBSCAN revisited, revisited: why and how you should (Still) use DBSCAN. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 42, 19:1–19:21 (2017).
doi: 10.1145/3068335
Levet, F. et al. SR-Tesseler: a method to segment and quantify localization-based super-resolution microscopy data. Nat. Methods 12, 1065–1071 (2015).
pubmed: 26344046 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3579
Voronoi, G. Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques. Premier mémoire. Sur quelques propriétés des formes quadratiques positives parfaites. J. Für. Reine Angew. Math. Crelles J. 1908, 97–102 (1908).
doi: 10.1515/crll.1908.133.97
Récamier, V. et al. Single cell correlation fractal dimension of chromatin. Nucleus 5, 75–84 (2014).
pubmed: 24637833 pmcid: 4028358 doi: 10.4161/nucl.28227
Bancaud, A., Lavelle, C., Huet, S. & Ellenberg, J. A fractal model for nuclear organization: current evidence and biological implications. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, 8783–8792 (2012).
pubmed: 22790985 pmcid: 3467038 doi: 10.1093/nar/gks586
Lieberman-Aiden, E. et al. Comprehensive mapping of long-range interactions reveals folding principles of the human genome. Science 326, 289–293 (2009).
pubmed: 19815776 pmcid: 2858594 doi: 10.1126/science.1181369
Sachs, R. K., van den Engh, G., Trask, B., Yokota, H. & Hearst, J. E. A random-walk/giant-loop model for interphase chromosomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 92, 2710–2714 (1995).
pubmed: 7708711 pmcid: 42288 doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2710
Gonzalez-Sandoval, A. et al. Perinuclear anchoring of H3K9-methylated chromatin stabilizes induced cell fate in C. elegans embryos. Cell 163, 1333–1347 (2015).
pubmed: 26607792 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.066
Poleshko, A. et al. The human protein PRR14 tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina during interphase and mitotic exit. Cell Rep. 5, 292–301 (2013).
pubmed: 24209742 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.024
Bizhanova, A. & Kaufman, P. D. Close to the edge: Heterochromatin at the nucleolar and nuclear peripheries. Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gene Regul. Mech. 1864, 194666 (2021).
doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194666
Guelen, L. et al. Domain organization of human chromosomes revealed by mapping of nuclear lamina interactions. Nature 453, 948–951 (2008).
pubmed: 18463634 doi: 10.1038/nature06947
Peric-Hupkes, D. et al. Molecular maps of the reorganization of genome-nuclear lamina interactions during differentiation. Mol. Cell 38, 603–613 (2010).
pubmed: 20513434 pmcid: 5975946 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.016
Cremer, T. et al. The interchromatin compartment participates in the structural and functional organization of the cell nucleus. BioEssays 42, 1900132 (2020).
doi: 10.1002/bies.201900132
Polovnikov, K. E. et al. Crumpled polymer with loops recapitulates key features of chromosome organization. Phys. Rev. X. 13, 041029 (2023).
Shinkai, S., Nozaki, T., Maeshima, K. & Togashi, Y. Dynamic nucleosome movement provides structural information of topological chromatin domains in living human cells. PLoS Comput. Biol. 12, e1005136 (2016).
pubmed: 27764097 pmcid: 5072619 doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005136
Babokhov, M., Hibino, K., Itoh, Y. & Maeshima, K. Local chromatin motion and transcription. J. Mol. Biol. 432, 694–700 (2020).
pubmed: 31689435 doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.018
Yesbolatova, A. et al. The auxin-inducible degron 2 technology provides sharp degradation control in yeast, mammalian cells, and mice. Nat. Commun. 11, 5701 (2020).
pubmed: 33177522 pmcid: 7659001 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19532-z
Cesconetto, E. C. et al. DNA interaction with Actinomycin D: mechanical measurements reveal the details of the binding data. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PCCP 15, 11070–11077 (2013).
pubmed: 23715013 doi: 10.1039/c3cp50898f
Kalashnikova, A. A., Porter-Goff, M. E., Muthurajan, U. M., Luger, K. & Hansen, J. C. The role of the nucleosome acidic patch in modulating higher order chromatin structure. J. R. Soc. Interface 10, 20121022 (2013).
pubmed: 23446052 pmcid: 3627075 doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.1022
Otterstrom, J. et al. Super-resolution microscopy reveals how histone tail acetylation affects DNA compaction within nucleosomes in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, 8470–8484 (2019).
pubmed: 31287868 pmcid: 6895258 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz593
Tóth, K. F. et al. Trichostatin A-induced histone acetylation causes decondensation of interphase chromatin. J. Cell Sci. 117, 4277–4287 (2004).
pubmed: 15292402 doi: 10.1242/jcs.01293
Rodriguez, J. et al. Intrinsic dynamics of a human gene reveal the basis of expression heterogeneity. Cell 176, 213–226.e18 (2019).
pubmed: 30554876 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.026
Creamer, K. M., Kolpa, H. J. & Lawrence, J. B. Nascent RNA scaffolds contribute to chromosome territory architecture and counter chromatin compaction. Mol. Cell 81, 3509–3525.e5 (2021).
pubmed: 34320406 pmcid: 8419111 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.004
Lou, J. et al. Phasor histone FLIM-FRET microscopy quantifies spatiotemporal rearrangement of chromatin architecture during the DNA damage response. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 116, 7323–7332 (2019).
pubmed: 30918123 pmcid: 6462080 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1814965116
Neguembor, M. V. et al. Transcription-mediated supercoiling regulates genome folding and loop formation. Mol. Cell 81, 3065–3081.e12 (2021).
pubmed: 34297911 pmcid: 9482096 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.009
Felisbino, M. B., Gatti, M. S. V. & Mello, M. L. S. Changes in chromatin structure in NIH 3T3 cells induced by valproic acid and trichostatin A. J. Cell. Biochem. 115, 1937–1947 (2014).
pubmed: 24913611
Bhat, P., Honson, D. & Guttman, M. Nuclear compartmentalization as a mechanism of quantitative control of gene expression. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 653–670 (2021).
pubmed: 34341548 doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00387-1
Shaban, H. A., Barth, R., Recoules, L. & Bystricky, K. Hi-D: nanoscale mapping of nuclear dynamics in single living cells. Genome Biol 21, 95 (2020).
pubmed: 32312289 pmcid: 7168861 doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02002-6
Grosse-Holz, S., A. Coulon, A. & L. Mirny, L. Scale-free models of chromosome structure, dynamics, and mechanics. bioRXiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.14.536939 (2023).
Keizer, V. I. P. et al. Live-cell micromanipulation of a genomic locus reveals interphase chromatin mechanics. Science 377, 489–495 (2022).
pubmed: 35901134 doi: 10.1126/science.abi9810
van Steensel, B. & Belmont, A. S. Lamina-associated domains: links with chromosome architecture, heterochromatin, and gene repression. Cell 169, 780–791 (2017).
pubmed: 28525751 pmcid: 5532494 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.022
Wen, B., Wu, H., Shinkai, Y., Irizarry, R. A. & Feinberg, A. P. Large histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylated chromatin blocks distinguish differentiated from embryonic stem cells. Nat. Genet. 41, 246–250 (2009).
pubmed: 19151716 pmcid: 2632725 doi: 10.1038/ng.297
Li, Y. et al. Nanoscale chromatin imaging and analysis platform bridges 4D chromatin organization with molecular function. Sci. Adv. 7, eabe4310 (2021).
pubmed: 33523864 pmcid: 7775763 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4310
Luger, K., Mäder, A. W., Richmond, R. K., Sargent, D. F. & Richmond, T. J. Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution. Nature 389, 251–260 (1997).
pubmed: 9305837 doi: 10.1038/38444
Görisch, S. M., Wachsmuth, M., Tóth, K. F., Lichter, P. & Rippe, K. Histone acetylation increases chromatin accessibility. J. Cell Sci. 118, 5825–5834 (2005).
pubmed: 16317046 doi: 10.1242/jcs.02689
Maeshima, K., Iida, S., Shimazoe, M. A., Tamura, S. & Ide, S. Is euchromatin really open in the cell? Trends Cell Biol 34, 7–17 (2024).
pubmed: 37385880 doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.007
Imai, R. et al. Density imaging of heterochromatin in live cells using orientation-independent-DIC microscopy. Mol. Biol. Cell 28, 3349–3359 (2017).
pubmed: 28835378 pmcid: 5687035 doi: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0359
Weber, S. C., Spakowitz, A. J. & Theriot, J. A. Bacterial chromosomal loci move subdiffusively through a viscoelastic cytoplasm. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 238102 (2010).
pubmed: 20867274 pmcid: 4929007 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.238102
Hunter, G. L. & Weeks, E. R. The physics of the colloidal glass transition. Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 066501 (2012).
pubmed: 22790649 doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/066501
Shi, G., Liu, L., Hyeon, C. & Thirumalai, D. Interphase human chromosome exhibits out of equilibrium glassy dynamics. Nat. Commun. 9, 3161 (2018).
pubmed: 30089831 pmcid: 6082855 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05606-6
Ohishi, H. et al. STREAMING-tag system reveals spatiotemporal relationships between transcriptional regulatory factors and transcriptional activity. Nat. Commun. 13, 7672 (2022).
pubmed: 36539402 pmcid: 9768169 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35286-2
Gu, B. et al. Transcription-coupled changes in nuclear mobility of mammalian cis-regulatory elements. Science 359, 1050–1055 (2018).
pubmed: 29371426 pmcid: 6590518 doi: 10.1126/science.aao3136
Ke, Y. et al. 3D chromatin structures of mature gametes and structural reprogramming during mammalian embryogenesis. Cell 170, 367–381.e20 (2017).
pubmed: 28709003 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.029
Rhie, S. K. et al. A high-resolution 3D epigenomic map reveals insights into the creation of the prostate cancer transcriptome. Nat. Commun. 10, 4154 (2019).
pubmed: 31515496 pmcid: 6742760 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12079-8
Xu, J. et al. Super-resolution imaging reveals the evolution of higher-order chromatin folding in early carcinogenesis. Nat. Commun. 11, 1899 (2020).
pubmed: 32313005 pmcid: 7171144 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15718-7
Dixon, J. R. et al. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation. Nature 518, 331–336 (2015).
pubmed: 25693564 pmcid: 4515363 doi: 10.1038/nature14222
Mazzocca, M. et al. Chromatin organization drives the search mechanism of nuclear factors. Nat. Commun. 14, 6433 (2023).
pubmed: 37833263 pmcid: 10575952 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42133-5
Li, L. et al. Real-time imaging of Huntingtin aggregates diverting target search and gene transcription. eLife 5, e17056 (2016).
pubmed: 27484239 pmcid: 4972539 doi: 10.7554/eLife.17056
Yeo, N. C. et al. An enhanced CRISPR repressor for targeted mammalian gene regulation. Nat. Methods 15, 611–616 (2018).
pubmed: 30013045 pmcid: 6129399 doi: 10.1038/s41592-018-0048-5
Ries, J. SMAP: a modular super-resolution microscopy analysis platform for SMLM data. Nat. Methods 17, 870–872 (2020).
pubmed: 32814874 doi: 10.1038/s41592-020-0938-1
Li, Y. et al. Optimal 3D single-molecule localization in real time using experimental point spread functions. Nat. Methods 15, 367–369 (2018).
pubmed: 29630062 pmcid: 6009849 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.4661
Jaqaman, K. et al. Robust single-particle tracking in live-cell time-lapse sequences. Nat. Methods 5, 695–702 (2008).
pubmed: 18641657 pmcid: 2747604 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1237
van der Walt, S. et al. scikit-image contributors, scikit-image: image processing in Python. PeerJ 2, e453 (2014).
pubmed: 25024921 pmcid: 4081273 doi: 10.7717/peerj.453
Virtanen, P. et al. SciPy 1.0 Contributors, SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nat. Methods 17, 261–272 (2020).
pubmed: 32015543 pmcid: 7056644 doi: 10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2
Xie, L. et al. 3D ATAC-PALM: super-resolution imaging of the accessible genome. Nat. Methods 17, 430–436 (2020).
pubmed: 32203384 pmcid: 7207063 doi: 10.1038/s41592-020-0775-2

Auteurs

Timothy A Daugird (TA)

Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Yu Shi (Y)

Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Katie L Holland (KL)

Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.

Hosein Rostamian (H)

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Zhe Liu (Z)

Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.

Luke D Lavis (LD)

Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.

Joseph Rodriguez (J)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.

Brian D Strahl (BD)

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Wesley R Legant (WR)

Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. legantw@email.unc.edu.
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. legantw@email.unc.edu.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH