Prevalence and Magnitude of Olfactory Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis.

allergens disease severity eosinophils microsmia olfaction olfactory dysfunction olfactory epithelium prevalence rhinitis smell perception

Journal

American journal of rhinology & allergy
ISSN: 1945-8932
Titre abrégé: Am J Rhinol Allergy
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101490775

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
17 May 2024
Historique:
medline: 18 5 2024
pubmed: 18 5 2024
entrez: 17 5 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Although allergic rhinitis (AR) can negatively impact the ability to smell, the degree to which this occurs is not clear and prevalence estimates vary among studies. This study had 4 main objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence and the degree of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients; (2) To compare olfactory perception between AR patients with different persistence and severity of symptoms and determine if olfactory testing may aid in differentiating among Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) groups; (3) To determine whether allergic reactions to different allergens differentially impact olfactory function, and (4) Verify possible changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) caused by AR. One hundred thirty-three patients with AR and one hundred controls were tested. The main outcome was the score in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). The OE was examined using immunofluorescence markers for neuronal activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, signal transduction, eosinophils, and epithelial thickness. Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the AR patients was higher (AR: 42.9% vs controls: 9%, The study highlights a higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients compared to controls, but olfactory testing may not effectively differentiate AR severity or allergen sensitivities. Although trends suggest potential pathophysiological changes in the OE of AR patients, further research is needed to validate these findings.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Although allergic rhinitis (AR) can negatively impact the ability to smell, the degree to which this occurs is not clear and prevalence estimates vary among studies. This study had 4 main objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence and the degree of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients; (2) To compare olfactory perception between AR patients with different persistence and severity of symptoms and determine if olfactory testing may aid in differentiating among Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) groups; (3) To determine whether allergic reactions to different allergens differentially impact olfactory function, and (4) Verify possible changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) caused by AR.
METHODS METHODS
One hundred thirty-three patients with AR and one hundred controls were tested. The main outcome was the score in University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). The OE was examined using immunofluorescence markers for neuronal activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, signal transduction, eosinophils, and epithelial thickness.
RESULTS RESULTS
Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the AR patients was higher (AR: 42.9% vs controls: 9%,
CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONS
The study highlights a higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in AR patients compared to controls, but olfactory testing may not effectively differentiate AR severity or allergen sensitivities. Although trends suggest potential pathophysiological changes in the OE of AR patients, further research is needed to validate these findings.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38759958
doi: 10.1177/19458924241253642
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

19458924241253642

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Auteurs

Marco A Fornazieri (MA)

Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.
Department of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Test Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Ellen C D Garcia (ECD)

Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.

Ricardo H Montero (RH)

Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.

Ricardo Borges (R)

Department of Surgery, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil.

Thiago F P Bezerra (TFP)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.

Fábio R Pinna (FR)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Richard L Doty (RL)

Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Test Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Richard L Voegels (RL)

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Classifications MeSH