Dupilumab for COPD with Blood Eosinophil Evidence of Type 2 Inflammation.

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
20 May 2024
Historique:
medline: 20 5 2024
pubmed: 20 5 2024
entrez: 20 5 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation, has shown efficacy and safety in a phase 3 trial involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation and an elevated risk of exacerbation. Whether the findings would be confirmed in a second phase 3 trial was unclear. In a phase 3, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with COPD who had a blood eosinophil count of 300 cells per microliter or higher to receive subcutaneous dupilumab (300 mg) or placebo every 2 weeks. The primary end point was the annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations. Key secondary end points, analyzed in a hierarchical manner to adjust for multiplicity, included the changes from baseline in the prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV A total of 935 patients underwent randomization: 470 were assigned to the dupilumab group and 465 to the placebo group. As prespecified, the primary analysis was performed after a positive interim analysis and included all available data for the 935 participants, 721 of whom were included in the analysis at week 52. The annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.06) with dupilumab and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.60) with placebo; the rate ratio as compared with placebo was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.82; P<0.001). The prebronchiodilator FEV In patients with COPD and type 2 inflammation as indicated by elevated blood eosinophil counts, dupilumab was associated with fewer exacerbations and better lung function than placebo. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; NOTUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04456673.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation, has shown efficacy and safety in a phase 3 trial involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation and an elevated risk of exacerbation. Whether the findings would be confirmed in a second phase 3 trial was unclear.
METHODS METHODS
In a phase 3, double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with COPD who had a blood eosinophil count of 300 cells per microliter or higher to receive subcutaneous dupilumab (300 mg) or placebo every 2 weeks. The primary end point was the annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations. Key secondary end points, analyzed in a hierarchical manner to adjust for multiplicity, included the changes from baseline in the prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 935 patients underwent randomization: 470 were assigned to the dupilumab group and 465 to the placebo group. As prespecified, the primary analysis was performed after a positive interim analysis and included all available data for the 935 participants, 721 of whom were included in the analysis at week 52. The annualized rate of moderate or severe exacerbations was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.06) with dupilumab and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.60) with placebo; the rate ratio as compared with placebo was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.82; P<0.001). The prebronchiodilator FEV
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
In patients with COPD and type 2 inflammation as indicated by elevated blood eosinophil counts, dupilumab was associated with fewer exacerbations and better lung function than placebo. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; NOTUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04456673.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401304 PMID: 38767614
pubmed: 38767614
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401304
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT04456673']

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
ID : NCT04456673
Organisme : Sanofi
ID : NCT04456673

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Surya P Bhatt (SP)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Klaus F Rabe (KF)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Nicola A Hanania (NA)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Claus F Vogelmeier (CF)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Mona Bafadhel (M)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Stephanie A Christenson (SA)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Alberto Papi (A)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-6924-4500

Dave Singh (D)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Elizabeth Laws (E)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Naimish Patel (N)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

George D Yancopoulos (GD)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Bolanle Akinlade (B)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Jennifer Maloney (J)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Xin Lu (X)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Deborah Bauer (D)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Ashish Bansal (A)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Raolat M Abdulai (RM)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Lacey B Robinson (LB)

From the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.P.B.); LungenClinic Grosshansdorf (member of the German Center for Lung Research [DZL]), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf (K.F.R.), Christian-Albrechts University, DZL, ARCN, Kiel (K.F.R.), and the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Marburg, DZL, Marburg (C.F.V.) - all in Germany; the Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (N.A.H.); King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London (M.B.), and the Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester (D.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (S.A.C.); the Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy (A.P.); Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ (E.L., X.L., D.B.); Sanofi, Cambridge, MA (N.P., R.M.A., L.B.R.); and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (G.D.Y., B.A., J.M., A.B.).

Classifications MeSH