Exonuclease editor promotes precision of gene editing in mammalian cells.

DMD Exonuclease editor Gene correction Homology-directed repair Microhomology-based precise deletion

Journal

BMC biology
ISSN: 1741-7007
Titre abrégé: BMC Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101190720

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
20 May 2024
Historique:
received: 28 04 2023
accepted: 13 05 2024
medline: 21 5 2024
pubmed: 21 5 2024
entrez: 20 5 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Many efforts have been made to improve the precision of Cas9-mediated gene editing through increasing knock-in efficiency and decreasing byproducts, which proved to be challenging. Here, we have developed a human exonuclease 1-based genome-editing tool, referred to as exonuclease editor. When compared to Cas9, the exonuclease editor gave rise to increased HDR efficiency, reduced NHEJ repair frequency, and significantly elevated HDR/indel ratio. Robust gene editing precision of exonuclease editor was even superior to the fusion of Cas9 with E1B or DN1S, two previously reported precision-enhancing domains. Notably, exonuclease editor inhibited NHEJ at double strand breaks locally rather than globally, reducing indel frequency without compromising genome integrity. The replacement of Cas9 with single-strand DNA break-creating Cas9 nickase further increased the HDR/indel ratio by 453-fold than the original Cas9. In addition, exonuclease editor resulted in high microhomology-mediated end joining efficiency, allowing accurate and flexible deletion of targeted sequences with extended lengths with the aid of paired sgRNAs. Exonuclease editor was further used for correction of DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, where 30.0% of colonies were repaired by HDR versus 11.1% in the control. Therefore, the exonuclease editor system provides a versatile and safe genome editing tool with high precision and holds promise for therapeutic gene correction.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Many efforts have been made to improve the precision of Cas9-mediated gene editing through increasing knock-in efficiency and decreasing byproducts, which proved to be challenging.
RESULTS RESULTS
Here, we have developed a human exonuclease 1-based genome-editing tool, referred to as exonuclease editor. When compared to Cas9, the exonuclease editor gave rise to increased HDR efficiency, reduced NHEJ repair frequency, and significantly elevated HDR/indel ratio. Robust gene editing precision of exonuclease editor was even superior to the fusion of Cas9 with E1B or DN1S, two previously reported precision-enhancing domains. Notably, exonuclease editor inhibited NHEJ at double strand breaks locally rather than globally, reducing indel frequency without compromising genome integrity. The replacement of Cas9 with single-strand DNA break-creating Cas9 nickase further increased the HDR/indel ratio by 453-fold than the original Cas9. In addition, exonuclease editor resulted in high microhomology-mediated end joining efficiency, allowing accurate and flexible deletion of targeted sequences with extended lengths with the aid of paired sgRNAs. Exonuclease editor was further used for correction of DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, where 30.0% of colonies were repaired by HDR versus 11.1% in the control.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, the exonuclease editor system provides a versatile and safe genome editing tool with high precision and holds promise for therapeutic gene correction.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38769511
doi: 10.1186/s12915-024-01918-w
pii: 10.1186/s12915-024-01918-w
doi:

Substances chimiques

EXO1 protein, human 0

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

119

Subventions

Organisme : National Key Research and Development Program of China
ID : 2023YFF0724703
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 32200418
Organisme : Major Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province
ID : ZDKJ2021030
Organisme : Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
ID : 2019-I2M-5-025
Organisme : China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
ID : 2022M723170
Organisme : Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China
ID : 2023B1212060050
Organisme : Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China
ID : 2021B1212040016
Organisme : Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China
ID : 2023A1515011312
Organisme : Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China
ID : 2021A1515110838
Organisme : Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
ID : 202201010621

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Ceccaldi R, Rondinelli B, D’Andrea AD. Repair pathway choices and consequences at the double-strand break. Trends Cell Biol. 2016;26(1):52–64.
pubmed: 26437586 doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.009
Lieber MR. The mechanism of double-strand DNA break repair by the nonhomologous DNA end-joining pathway. Annu Rev Biochem. 2010;79:181–211.
pubmed: 20192759 pmcid: 3079308 doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.052308.093131
Karanam K, Kafri R, Loewer A, Lahav G. Quantitative live cell imaging reveals a gradual shift between DNA repair mechanisms and a maximal use of HR in mid S phase. Mol Cell. 2012;47(2):320–9.
pubmed: 22841003 pmcid: 3494418 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.05.052
Branzei D, Foiani M. Regulation of DNA repair throughout the cell cycle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(4):297–308.
pubmed: 18285803 doi: 10.1038/nrm2351
Mao Z, Bozzella M, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Comparison of nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst). 2008;7(10):1765–71.
pubmed: 18675941 doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.06.018
Liang F, Han M, Romanienko PJ, Jasin M. Homology-directed repair is a major double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95(9):5172–7.
pubmed: 9560248 pmcid: 20233 doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.9.5172
Jensen NM, Dalsgaard T, Jakobsen M, Nielsen RR, Sorensen CB, Bolund L, Jensen TG. An update on targeted gene repair in mammalian cells: methods and mechanisms. J Biomed Sci. 2011;18:10.
pubmed: 21284895 pmcid: 3042377 doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-10
Chu VT, Weber T, Wefers B, Wurst W, Sander S, Rajewsky K, Kuhn R. Increasing the efficiency of homology-directed repair for CRISPR-Cas9-induced precise gene editing in mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2015;33(5):543–8.
pubmed: 25803306 doi: 10.1038/nbt.3198
Maruyama T, Dougan SK, Truttmann MC, Bilate AM, Ingram JR, Ploegh HL. Increasing the efficiency of precise genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 by inhibition of nonhomologous end joining. Nat Biotechnol. 2015;33(5):538–42.
pubmed: 25798939 pmcid: 4618510 doi: 10.1038/nbt.3190
Canny MD, Moatti N, Wan LCK, Fradet-Turcotte A, Krasner D, Mateos-Gomez PA, Zimmermann M, Orthwein A, Juang YC, Zhang W, et al. Inhibition of 53BP1 favors homology-dependent DNA repair and increases CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing efficiency. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36(1):95–102.
pubmed: 29176614 doi: 10.1038/nbt.4021
Jayavaradhan R, Pillis DM, Goodman M, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Andreassen PR, Malik P. CRISPR-Cas9 fusion to dominant-negative 53BP1 enhances HDR and inhibits NHEJ specifically at Cas9 target sites. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2866.
pubmed: 31253785 pmcid: 6598984 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10735-7
Riesenberg S, Chintalapati M, Macak D, Kanis P, Maricic T, Paabo S. Simultaneous precise editing of multiple genes in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(19):e116.
pubmed: 31392986 pmcid: 6821318 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz669
Robert F, Barbeau M, Ethier S, Dostie J, Pelletier J. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA-PK stimulates Cas9-mediated genome editing. Genome Med. 2015;7:93.
pubmed: 26307031 pmcid: 4550049 doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0215-6
Paulsen BS, Mandal PK, Frock RL, Boyraz B, Yadav R, Upadhyayula S, Gutierrez-Martinez P, Ebina W, Fasth A, Kirchhausen T, et al. Ectopic expression of RAD52 and dn53BP1 improves homology-directed repair during CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Nat Biomed Eng. 2017;1(11):878–88.
pubmed: 31015609 pmcid: 6918705 doi: 10.1038/s41551-017-0145-2
Ma M, Zhuang F, Hu X, Wang B, Wen XZ, Ji JF, Xi JJ. Efficient generation of mice carrying homozygous double-floxp alleles using the Cas9-Avidin/Biotin-donor DNA system. Cell Res. 2017;27(4):578–81.
pubmed: 28266543 pmcid: 5385615 doi: 10.1038/cr.2017.29
Savic N, Ringnalda FC, Lindsay H, Berk C, Bargsten K, Li Y, Neri D, Robinson MD, Ciaudo C, Hall J, et al. Covalent linkage of the DNA repair template to the CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease enhances homology-directed repair. Elife. 2018;7:e33761.
pubmed: 29809142 pmcid: 6023611 doi: 10.7554/eLife.33761
Carlson-Stevermer J, Abdeen AA, Kohlenberg L, Goedland M, Molugu K, Lou M, Saha K. Assembly of CRISPR ribonucleoproteins with biotinylated oligonucleotides via an RNA aptamer for precise gene editing. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):1711.
pubmed: 29167458 pmcid: 5700129 doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01875-9
Aird EJ, Lovendahl KN, St Martin A, Harris RS, Gordon WR. Increasing Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair efficiency through covalent tethering of DNA repair template. Commun Biol. 2018;1:54.
pubmed: 30271937 pmcid: 6123678 doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0054-2
Lin S, Staahl BT, Alla RK, Doudna JA. Enhanced homology-directed human genome engineering by controlled timing of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. Elife. 2014;3:e04766.
pubmed: 25497837 pmcid: 4383097 doi: 10.7554/eLife.04766
Gutschner T, Haemmerle M, Genovese G, Draetta GF, Chin L. Post-translational regulation of Cas9 during G1 enhances homology-directed repair. Cell Rep. 2016;14(6):1555–66.
pubmed: 26854237 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.019
Arnoult N, Correia A, Ma J, Merlo A, Garcia-Gomez S, Maric M, Tognetti M, Benner CW, Boulton SJ, Saghatelian A, et al. Regulation of DNA repair pathway choice in S and G2 phases by the NHEJ inhibitor CYREN. Nature. 2017;549(7673):548–52.
pubmed: 28959974 pmcid: 5624508 doi: 10.1038/nature24023
Scully R, Panday A, Elango R, Willis NA. DNA double-strand break repair-pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2019;20(11):698–714.
pubmed: 31263220 pmcid: 7315405 doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0152-0
Chang HHY, Pannunzio NR, Adachi N, Lieber MR. Non-homologous DNA end joining and alternative pathways to double-strand break repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017;18(8):495–506.
pubmed: 28512351 pmcid: 7062608 doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.48
Schrank BR, Aparicio T, Li Y, Chang W, Chait BT, Gundersen GG, Gottesman ME, Gautier J. Nuclear ARP2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair. Nature. 2018;559(7712):61–6.
pubmed: 29925947 pmcid: 6145447 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0237-5
Yeh CD, Richardson CD, Corn JE. Advances in genome editing through control of DNA repair pathways. Nat Cell Biol. 2019;21(12):1468–78.
pubmed: 31792376 doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0425-z
Shi Y, Hellinga HW, Beese LS. Interplay of catalysis, fidelity, threading, and processivity in the exo- and endonucleolytic reactions of human exonuclease I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(23):6010–5.
pubmed: 28533382 pmcid: 5468604 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704845114
Zhang Q, Yin K, Liu G, Li S, Li M, Qiu JL. Fusing T5 exonuclease with Cas9 and Cas12a increases the frequency and size of deletion at target sites. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(12):1918–27.
pubmed: 32382982 doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1671-6
Han B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Krueger CJ, Bi X, Zhu Z, Tong X, Zhang B. ErCas12a and T5exo-ErCas12a mediate simple and efficient genome editing in zebrafish. Biology (Basel). 2022;11(3):411.
pubmed: 35336785 pmcid: 8945719
Wu Y, Yuan Q, Zhu Y, Gao X, Song J, Yin Z. Improving FnCas12a Genome editing by exonuclease fusion. CRISPR J. 2020;3(6):503–11.
pubmed: 33346706 doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0073
Park J, Yoon J, Kwon D, Han MJ, Choi S, Park S, Lee J, Lee K, Lee J, Lee S, et al. Enhanced genome editing efficiency of CRISPR PLUS: Cas9 chimeric fusion proteins. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16199.
pubmed: 34376729 pmcid: 8355345 doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95406-8
Zhang K, Duan X, Cai P, Gao L, Wu X, Yao L, Zhou YJ. Fusing an exonuclease with Cas9 enhances homologous recombination in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact. 2022;21(1):182.
pubmed: 36071435 pmcid: 9450370 doi: 10.1186/s12934-022-01908-z
Aida T, Nakade S, Sakuma T, Izu Y, Oishi A, Mochida K, Ishikubo H, Usami T, Aizawa H, Yamamoto T, et al. Gene cassette knock-in in mammalian cells and zygotes by enhanced MMEJ. BMC Genomics. 2016;17(1):979.
pubmed: 27894274 pmcid: 5126809 doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3331-9
Hackley CR. A novel set of Cas9 fusion proteins to stimulate homologous recombination: Cas9-HRs. CRISPR J. 2021;4(2):253–63.
pubmed: 33876961 doi: 10.1089/crispr.2020.0034
Lainscek D, Forstneric V, Mikolic V, Malensek S, Pecan P, Bencina M, Sever M, Podgornik H, Jerala R. Coiled-coil heterodimer-based recruitment of an exonuclease to CRISPR/Cas for enhanced gene editing. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):3604.
pubmed: 35739111 pmcid: 9226073 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31386-1
Truong DJ, Geilenkeuser J, Wendel SV, Wilming JCH, Armbrust N, Binder EMH, Santl TH, Siebenhaar A, Gruber C, Phlairaharn T, et al. Exonuclease-enhanced prime editors. Nat Methods. 2024;21(3):455–64.
pubmed: 38302659 pmcid: 10927552 doi: 10.1038/s41592-023-02162-w
Orans J, McSweeney EA, Iyer RR, Hast MA, Hellinga HW, Modrich P, Beese LS. Structures of human exonuclease 1 DNA complexes suggest a unified mechanism for nuclease family. Cell. 2011;145(2):212–23.
pubmed: 21496642 pmcid: 3093132 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.005
Wu H, Liu Q, Shi H, Xie J, Zhang Q, Ouyang Z, Li N, Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, et al. Engineering CRISPR/Cpf1 with tRNA promotes genome editing capability in mammalian systems. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018;75(19):3593–607.
pubmed: 29637228 doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2810-3
Ervasti JM, Ohlendieck K, Kahl SD, Gaver MG, Campbell KP. Deficiency of a glycoprotein component of the dystrophin complex in dystrophic muscle. Nature. 1990;345(6273):315–9.
pubmed: 2188135 doi: 10.1038/345315a0
Long C, McAnally JR, Shelton JM, Mireault AA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Prevention of muscular dystrophy in mice by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of germline DNA. Science. 2014;345(6201):1184–8.
pubmed: 25123483 pmcid: 4398027 doi: 10.1126/science.1254445
Zhang Y, Long C, Li H, McAnally JR, Baskin KK, Shelton JM, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. CRISPR-Cpf1 correction of muscular dystrophy mutations in human cardiomyocytes and mice. Sci Adv. 2017;3(4):e1602814.
pubmed: 28439558 pmcid: 5389745 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602814
Chen M, Shi H, Gou S, Wang X, Li L, Jin Q, Wu H, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang L, et al. In vivo genome editing in mouse restores dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient muscle fibers. Genome Med. 2021;13(1):57.
pubmed: 33845891 pmcid: 8042958 doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00876-0
Lee K, Conboy M, Park HM, Jiang F, Kim HJ, Dewitt MA, Mackley VA, Chang K, Rao A, Skinner C, et al. Nanoparticle delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and donor DNA in vivo induces homology-directed DNA repair. Nat Biomed Eng. 2017;1:889–901.
pubmed: 29805845 pmcid: 5968829 doi: 10.1038/s41551-017-0137-2
Norrman K, Fischer Y, Bonnamy B, Wolfhagen Sand F, Ravassard P, Semb H. Quantitative comparison of constitutive promoters in human ES cells. PLoS One. 2010;5(8):e12413.
pubmed: 20865032 pmcid: 2928720 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012413
McVey M, Lee SE. MMEJ repair of double-strand breaks (director’s cut): deleted sequences and alternative endings. Trends Genet. 2008;24(11):529–38.
pubmed: 18809224 pmcid: 5303623 doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.08.007
Yao X, Wang X, Hu X, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhou H, Shen X, Wei Y, Huang Z, Ying W, et al. Homology-mediated end joining-based targeted integration using CRISPR/Cas9. Cell Res. 2017;27(6):801–14.
pubmed: 28524166 pmcid: 5518881 doi: 10.1038/cr.2017.76
Zhang JP, Li XL, Li GH, Chen W, Arakaki C, Botimer GD, Baylink D, Zhang L, Wen W, Fu YW, et al. Efficient precise knockin with a double cut HDR donor after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated double-stranded DNA cleavage. Genome Biol. 2017;18(1):35.
pubmed: 28219395 pmcid: 5319046 doi: 10.1186/s13059-017-1164-8
Mari PO, Florea BI, Persengiev SP, Verkaik NS, Bruggenwirth HT, Modesti M, Giglia-Mari G, Bezstarosti K, Demmers JA, Luider TM, et al. Dynamic assembly of end-joining complexes requires interaction between Ku70/80 and XRCC4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(49):18597–602.
pubmed: 17124166 pmcid: 1693708 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0609061103
Nimonkar AV, Genschel J, Kinoshita E, Polaczek P, Campbell JL, Wyman C, Modrich P, Kowalczykowski SC. BLM-DNA2-RPA-MRN and EXO1-BLM-RPA-MRN constitute two DNA end resection machineries for human DNA break repair. Genes Dev. 2011;25(4):350–62.
pubmed: 21325134 pmcid: 3042158 doi: 10.1101/gad.2003811
Truong LN, Li Y, Shi LZ, Hwang PY, He J, Wang H, Razavian N, Berns MW, Wu X. Microhomology-mediated end joining and homologous recombination share the initial end resection step to repair DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(19):7720–5.
pubmed: 23610439 pmcid: 3651503 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213431110
Jiang T, Zhang XO, Weng Z, Xue W. Deletion and replacement of long genomic sequences using prime editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(2):227–34.
pubmed: 34650270 doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-01026-y
Choi J, Chen W, Suiter CC, Lee C, Chardon FM, Yang W, Leith A, Daza RM, Martin B, Shendure J. Precise genomic deletions using paired prime editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(2):218–26.
pubmed: 34650269 doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-01025-z
Anzalone AV, Gao XD, Podracky CJ, Nelson AT, Koblan LW, Raguram A, Levy JM, Mercer JAM, Liu DR. Programmable deletion, replacement, integration and inversion of large DNA sequences with twin prime editing. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40(5):731–40.
pubmed: 34887556 doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-01133-w
Wang S, Zong Y, Lin Q, Zhang H, Chai Z, Zhang D, Chen K, Qiu JL, Gao C. Precise, predictable multi-nucleotide deletions in rice and wheat using APOBEC-Cas9. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38(12):1460–5.
pubmed: 32601432 doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0566-4
Lian X, Zhang J, Azarin SM, Zhu K, Hazeltine LB, Bao X, Hsiao C, Kamp TJ, Palecek SP. Directed cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells by modulating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling under fully defined conditions. Nat Protoc. 2013;8(1):162–75.
pubmed: 23257984 doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.150
Clement K, Rees H, Canver MC, Gehrke JM, Farouni R, Hsu JY, Cole MA, Liu DR, Joung JK, Bauer DE, et al. CRISPResso2 provides accurate and rapid genome editing sequence analysis. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37(3):224–6.
pubmed: 30809026 pmcid: 6533916 doi: 10.1038/s41587-019-0032-3

Auteurs

Hui Shi (H)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.

Lei Li (L)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Shuangshuang Mu (S)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Shixue Gou (S)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.

Xiaoyi Liu (X)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Fangbing Chen (F)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.

Menglong Chen (M)

Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Qin Jin (Q)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China. jin_qin@gibh.ac.cn.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China. jin_qin@gibh.ac.cn.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China. jin_qin@gibh.ac.cn.

Liangxue Lai (L)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China. lai_liangxue@gibh.ac.cn.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China. lai_liangxue@gibh.ac.cn.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China. lai_liangxue@gibh.ac.cn.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China. lai_liangxue@gibh.ac.cn.

Kepin Wang (K)

China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China. wang_kepin@gibh.ac.cn.
Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, 572000, China. wang_kepin@gibh.ac.cn.
Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, 510530, China. wang_kepin@gibh.ac.cn.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China. wang_kepin@gibh.ac.cn.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH