A recurrent Gaussian quantum network for online processing of quantum time series.


Journal

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
29 May 2024
Historique:
received: 13 11 2023
accepted: 30 04 2024
medline: 30 5 2024
pubmed: 30 5 2024
entrez: 29 5 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Over the last decade, researchers have studied the interplay between quantum computing and classical machine learning algorithms. However, measurements often disturb or destroy quantum states, requiring multiple repetitions of data processing to estimate observable values. In particular, this prevents online (real-time, single-shot) processing of temporal data as measurements are commonly performed during intermediate stages. Recently, it was proposed to sidestep this issue by focusing on tasks with quantum output, eliminating the need for detectors. Inspired by reservoir computers, a model was proposed where only a subset of the internal parameters are trained while keeping the others fixed at random values. Here, we also process quantum time series, but we do so using a Recurrent Gaussian Quantum Network (RGQN) of which all internal interactions can be trained. As expected, this increased flexibility yields higher performance in benchmark tasks. Building on this, we show that the RGQN can tackle two quantum communication tasks, while also removing some hardware restrictions of the currently available methods. First, our approach is more resource efficient to enhance the transmission rate of quantum channels that experience certain memory effects. Second, it can counteract similar memory effects if they are unwanted, a task that could previously only be solved when redundantly encoded input signals could be provided. Finally, we run a small-scale version of the last task on Xanadu's photonic processor Borealis.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38811683
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61004-7
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-61004-7
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

12322

Subventions

Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : G006020N
Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : G006020N
Organisme : Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
ID : G006020N
Organisme : HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
ID : 101070195
Organisme : HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
ID : 101070195
Organisme : HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
ID : 101070195
Organisme : EOS - The Excellence Of Science
ID : 40007536
Organisme : EOS - The Excellence Of Science
ID : 40007536
Organisme : EOS - The Excellence Of Science
ID : 40007536

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Harrow, A. & Montanaro, A. Quantum computational supremacy. Nature 549, 203–209 (2017).
doi: 10.1038/nature23458 pubmed: 28905912
Cerezo, M., Verdon, G., Huang, H.-Y., Cincio, L. & Coles, P. J. Challenges and opportunities in quantum machine learning. Nat. Comput. Sci. 2, 567–576 (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s43588-022-00311-3 pubmed: 38177473
Salehinejad, H., Sankar, S., Barfett, J., Colak, E. & Valaee, S. Recent advances in recurrent neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01078 (2017).
Medsker, L. & Jain, L. C. Recurrent Neural Networks: Design and Applications (CRC Press, 1999).
doi: 10.1201/9781420049176
Vaswani, A. et al. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems30 (2017).
Karita, S. et al. A comparative study on Transformer vs RNN in speech applications. In 2019 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU), 449–456, https://doi.org/10.1109/ASRU46091.2019.9003750 (2019).
Yu, Y., Si, X., Hu, C. & Zhang, J. A review of recurrent neural networks: LSTM cells and network architectures. Neural Comput. 31, 1235–1270 (2019).
doi: 10.1162/neco_a_01199 pubmed: 31113301
Van der Sande, G., Brunner, D. & Soriano, M. C. Advances in photonic reservoir computing. Nanophotonics 6, 561–576 (2017).
doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0132
Wright, L. G. & McMahon, P. L. The capacity of quantum neural networks. In CLEO: Science and Innovations, JM4G–5 (Optica Publishing Group, 2020).
Mujal, P. et al. Opportunities in quantum reservoir computing and extreme learning machines. Adv. Quant. Technol. 4, 2100027 (2021).
doi: 10.1002/qute.202100027
Nokkala, J. Online quantum time series processing with random oscillator networks. Sci. Rep. 13, 7694. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34811-7 (2023).
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34811-7 pubmed: 37169824 pmcid: 10175294
Olivares, S. Quantum optics in the phase space: A tutorial on Gaussian states. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 203, 3–24 (2012).
doi: 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01532-4
Weedbrook, C. et al. Gaussian quantum information. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 621 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.84.621
Zhong, H.-S. et al. Experimental gaussian boson sampling. Sci. Bull. 64, 511–515 (2019).
doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.007
Madsen, L. S. et al. Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor. Nature 606, 75–81 (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04725-x pubmed: 35650354 pmcid: 9159949
Schäfer, J., Daems, D., Karpov, E. & Cerf, N. J. Capacity of a bosonic memory channel with Gauss-Markov noise. Phys. Rev. A 80, 062313 (2009).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.062313
Schäfer, J., Karpov, E. & Cerf, N. J. Gaussian matrix-product states for coding in bosonic communication channels. Phys. Rev. A 85, 012322 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.012322
Mower, J., Harris, N. C., Steinbrecher, G. R., Lahini, Y. & Englund, D. High-fidelity quantum state evolution in imperfect photonic integrated circuits. Phys. Rev. A 92, 032322 (2015).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.032322
Ewaniuk, J., Carolan, J., Shastri, B. J. & Rotenberg, N. Imperfect quantum photonic neural networks. Adv. Quant. Technol. 6, 2200125 (2023).
doi: 10.1002/qute.202200125
Braunstein, S. L. Squeezing as an irreducible resource. Phys. Rev. A 71, 055801 (2005).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.055801
Clements, W. R., Humphreys, P. C., Metcalf, B. J., Kolthammer, W. S. & Walmsley, I. A. Optimal design for universal multiport interferometers. Optica 3, 1460–1465 (2016).
doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.3.001460
Takaki, Y., Mitarai, K., Negoro, M., Fujii, K. & Kitagawa, M. Learning temporal data with a variational quantum recurrent neural network. Phys. Rev. A 103, 052414 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.103.052414
Brask, J. B. Gaussian states and operations: A quick reference. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.05748 (2021).
Caruso, F., Giovannetti, V., Lupo, C. & Mancini, S. Quantum channels and memory effects. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1203 (2014).
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.86.1203
Schäfer, J., Karpov, E. & Cerf, N. J. Gaussian capacity of the quantum bosonic memory channel with additive correlated Gaussian noise. Phys. Rev. A 84, 032318 (2011).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.032318
Nokkala, J. personal communication.
Mitarai, K., Negoro, M., Kitagawa, M. & Fujii, K. Quantum circuit learning. Phys. Rev. A 98, 032309 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.98.032309
Schuld, M., Bergholm, V., Gogolin, C., Izaac, J. & Killoran, N. Evaluating analytic gradients on quantum hardware. Phys. Rev. A 99, 032331 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.99.032331
Teich, M. C. & Saleh, B. E. Squeezed state of light. Quant. Opt. J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Part B 1, 153 (1989).
doi: 10.1088/0954-8998/1/2/006
Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. MrMustard. https://github.com/XanaduAI/MrMustard (2022).
Ferraro, A., Olivares, S. & Paris, M. G. Gaussian states in continuous variable quantum information. arXiv preprint arXiv: quant-ph/0503237 (2005).
Vidal, G. & Werner, R. F. Computable measure of entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 65, 032314 (2002).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.032314
Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. StrawberryFields. https://github.com/XanaduAI/strawberryfields (2023).

Auteurs

Robbe De Prins (R)

Photonics Research Group, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Gent, Belgium. robbe.deprins@ugent.be.

Guy Van der Sande (G)

Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.

Peter Bienstman (P)

Photonics Research Group, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Gent, Belgium.

Classifications MeSH