A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in the initial staging of prostate cancer.
Journal
Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases
ISSN: 1476-5608
Titre abrégé: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9815755
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 May 2024
31 May 2024
Historique:
received:
12
02
2024
accepted:
20
05
2024
revised:
04
05
2024
medline:
1
6
2024
pubmed:
1
6
2024
entrez:
31
5
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography using Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA PET/CT) is notable for its superior sensitivity and specificity in detecting recurrent PCa and is under investigation for its potential in pre-treatment staging. Despite its established efficacy in nodal and metastasis staging in trial setting, its role in primary staging awaits fuller validation due to limited evidence on oncologic outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to appraise the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT compared to CI for comprehensive PCa staging. Medline, Scopus and Web of science databases were searched till March 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify eligible studies. Primary outcomes were specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of PSMA PET/CT for local, nodal and metastatic staging in PCa patients. Due to the unavailability of data, a meta-analysis was feasible only for detection of seminal vesicles invasion (SVI) and LNI. A total of 49 studies, comprising 3876 patients, were included. Of these, 6 investigated accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in detection of SVI. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 42.29% (95%CI: 29.85-55.78%), 87.59% (95%CI: 77.10%-93.67%), 93.39% (95%CI: 74.95%-98.52%) and 86.60% (95%CI: 58.83%-96.69%), respectively. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant variability for PPV and NPV. 18 studies investigated PSMA PET/CT accuracy in detection of LNI. Aggregate sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 43.63% (95%CI: 34.19-53.56%), 85.55% (95%CI: 75.95%-91.74%), 67.47% (95%CI: 52.42%-79.6%) and 83.61% (95%CI: 79.19%-87.24%). No significant heterogeneity was found between studies. The present systematic review and meta-analysis highlights PSMA PET-CT effectiveness in detecting SVI and its good accuracy in LNI compared to CI. Nonetheless, it also reveals a lack of high-quality research on its performance in clinical T staging, extraprostatic extension and distant metastasis evaluation, emphasizing the need for further rigorous studies.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography using Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA PET/CT) is notable for its superior sensitivity and specificity in detecting recurrent PCa and is under investigation for its potential in pre-treatment staging. Despite its established efficacy in nodal and metastasis staging in trial setting, its role in primary staging awaits fuller validation due to limited evidence on oncologic outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to appraise the diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT compared to CI for comprehensive PCa staging.
METHODS
METHODS
Medline, Scopus and Web of science databases were searched till March 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify eligible studies. Primary outcomes were specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of PSMA PET/CT for local, nodal and metastatic staging in PCa patients. Due to the unavailability of data, a meta-analysis was feasible only for detection of seminal vesicles invasion (SVI) and LNI.
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 49 studies, comprising 3876 patients, were included. Of these, 6 investigated accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in detection of SVI. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 42.29% (95%CI: 29.85-55.78%), 87.59% (95%CI: 77.10%-93.67%), 93.39% (95%CI: 74.95%-98.52%) and 86.60% (95%CI: 58.83%-96.69%), respectively. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant variability for PPV and NPV. 18 studies investigated PSMA PET/CT accuracy in detection of LNI. Aggregate sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 43.63% (95%CI: 34.19-53.56%), 85.55% (95%CI: 75.95%-91.74%), 67.47% (95%CI: 52.42%-79.6%) and 83.61% (95%CI: 79.19%-87.24%). No significant heterogeneity was found between studies.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The present systematic review and meta-analysis highlights PSMA PET-CT effectiveness in detecting SVI and its good accuracy in LNI compared to CI. Nonetheless, it also reveals a lack of high-quality research on its performance in clinical T staging, extraprostatic extension and distant metastasis evaluation, emphasizing the need for further rigorous studies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38822051
doi: 10.1038/s41391-024-00850-y
pii: 10.1038/s41391-024-00850-y
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Baas DJH, Schilham M, Hermsen R, de Baaij JMS, Vrijhof HJEJ, Hoekstra RJ, et al. Preoperative PSMA-PET/CT as a predictor of biochemical persistence and early recurrence following radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. Prostate Cancer Prostat Dis. 2022;25:65–70.
doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00452-y
Dekalo S, Kuten J, Mintz I, Fahoum I, Gitstein G, Keizman D, et al. Preoperative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT defines a subgroup of high-risk prostate cancer patients with favorable outcomes after radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. Prostate Cancer Prostat Dis. 2021;24:910–6.
doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00347-y
Meyrick DP, Asokendaran M, Skelly LA, Lenzo NP, Henderson A The role of 68Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT in the pretreatment staging of primary prostate cancer. Nuclear Medicine Communications [Internet]. 2017;38. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/nuclearmedicinecomm/fulltext/2017/11000/the_role_of_68ga_psma_i_t_pet_ct_in_the.10.aspx .
Emmett et al. 2022 The PRIMARY Score Using intra-prostatic PSMA PET.pdf.
Ditonno F, Franco A, Manfredi C, Veccia A, Valerio M, Bukavina L, et al. Novel non-MRI imaging techniques for primary diagnosis of prostate cancer: micro-ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, multiparametric ultrasound, and PSMA PET/CT. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023.
Hofman MS, Lawrentschuk N, Francis RJ, Tang C, Vela I, Thomas P, et al. Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer before curative-intent surgery or radiotherapy (proPSMA): a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet. 2020;395:1208–16.
pubmed: 32209449
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30314-7
Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, den Broeck TV, Cumberbatch MG, Santis MD, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2021;79:243–62.
pubmed: 33172724
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
pubmed: 33782057
pmcid: 8005924
doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71
Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.
pubmed: 27733354
pmcid: 5062054
doi: 10.1136/bmj.i4919
Brauchli D, Singh D, Chabert C, Somasundaram A, Collie L. Tumour-capsule interface measured on 18F-DCFPyL PSMA positron emission tomography/CT imaging comparable to multi-parametric MRI in predicting extra-prostatic extension of prostate cancer at initial staging. J Med Imaging Radiat. Oncol. 2020;64:829–38.
pubmed: 32715593
doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.13084
Rajwa P, Pfister D, Rieger C, Heidenreich J, Drzezga A, Persigehl T, et al. Importance of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Prostate. 2023;83:385–91.
pubmed: 36564936
doi: 10.1002/pros.24470
Harsini S, Fallahi B, Karamzade Ziarati N, Razi A, Amini E, Emami-Ardekani A, et al. A Prospective Study on [(68)Ga]-PSMA PET/CT Imaging in Newly Diagnosed Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Asia Ocean J Nucl. Med Biol. 2021;9:101–10.
pubmed: 34250139
pmcid: 8255520
Grubmüller B, Baltzer P, Hartenbach S, D’Andrea D, Helbich TH, Haug AR, et al. PSMA Ligand PET/MRI for Primary Prostate Cancer: Staging Performance and Clinical Impact. Clin. Cancer Res 2018;24:6300–7.
pubmed: 30139879
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0768
Muehlematter UJ, Burger IA, Becker AS, Schawkat K, Hötker AM, Reiner CS, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiparametric MRI versus (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for Extracapsular Extension and Seminal Vesicle Invasion in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Radiology. 2019;293:350–8.
pubmed: 31502937
doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190687
Hijazi S, Meller B, Leitsmann C, Strauss A, Meller J, Ritter CO, et al. Pelvic lymph node dissection for nodal oligometastatic prostate cancer detected by 68Ga-PSMA-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography. Prostate. 2015;75:1934–40.
pubmed: 26356236
doi: 10.1002/pros.23091
Klingenberg S, Jochumsen MR, Ulhøi BP, Fredsøe J, Sørensen KD, Borre M, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Primary Lymph Node and Distant Metastasis NM Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2021;62:214–20.
pubmed: 32444374
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245605
Kubilay E, Akpinar Ç, Oǧuz ES, Araz MS, Soydal Ç, Baltacı S, et al. Significance of metabolic tumor volume and total lesion uptake measured using Ga-68 labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT in primary staging of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2022;40:408.e19–408.e25.
pubmed: 35902300
doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.06.004
Moreira LF, Mussi TC, Cunha MLda, Filippi RZ, Baroni RH. Accuracy of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT for lymph node and bone primary staging in prostate cancer. Urol. Oncol. 2022;40:104.e17–104.e21.
pubmed: 34911650
doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.007
Anttinen M, Ettala O, Malaspina S, Jambor I, Sandell M, Kajander S, et al. A Prospective Comparison of 18F-prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-1007 Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Whole-body 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion-weighted Imaging, and Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography with Traditional Imaging in Primary Distant Metastasis Staging of Prostate Cancer (PROSTAGE). Eur Urol Oncol. 2021;4:635–44.
pubmed: 32675047
doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.06.012
Lenis AT, Pooli A, Lec PM, Sadun TY, Johnson DC, Lebacle C, et al. Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Compared with Conventional Imaging for Initial Staging of Treatment-naïve Intermediate- and High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Single-center Study. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 2022;5:544–52.
pubmed: 32958451
doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.08.012
Dyrberg E, Hendel HW, Huynh THV, Klausen TW, Løgager VB, Madsen C, et al. 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in comparison with 18F-fluoride-PET/CT and whole-body MRI for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Eur. Radio. 2019;29:1221–30.
doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5682-x
Lengana T, Lawal IO, Boshomane TG, Popoola GO, Mokoala KMG, Moshokoa E, et al. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Replacing Bone Scan in the Initial Staging of Skeletal Metastasis in Prostate Cancer: A Fait Accompli? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018;16:392–401.
pubmed: 30120038
doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.009
Zacho HD, Ravn S, Afshar-Oromieh A, Fledelius J, Ejlersen JA, Petersen LJ. Added value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and a previous 99mTc bone scintigraphy. EJNMMI Res 2020;10:31.
pubmed: 32270300
pmcid: 7142208
doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-00618-0
Madsen C, Østergren P, Haarmark C. The Value of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Following Equivocal 18F-NaF PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics. 2020;10:352.
Mattoni S, Farolfi A, Formaggio F, Bruno G, Caroli P, Cerci JJ, et al. PSMA PET for the Evaluation of Liver Metastases in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:5680.
Bauckneht M, Checcucci E, Cisero E, Rizzo A, Racca M, De Cillis S, et al. The prognostic role of next-generation imaging-driven upstaging in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Eur. J. Nucl. Med Mol. Imaging 2024;51:864–70.
pubmed: 37935995
doi: 10.1007/s00259-023-06490-z
Hofman MS, Murphy DG, Williams SG, Nzenza T, Herschtal A, Lourenco RDA, et al. A prospective randomized multicentre study of the impact of gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging for staging high-risk prostate cancer prior to curative-intent surgery or radiotherapy (proPSMA study): clinical trial protocol. BJU Int 2018;122:783–93.
pubmed: 29726071
doi: 10.1111/bju.14374
Koerber SA, Stach G, Kratochwil C, Haefner MF, Rathke H, Herfarth K, et al. Lymph Node Involvement in Treatment-Naïve Prostate Cancer Patients: Correlation of PSMA PET/CT Imaging and Roach Formula in 280 Men in Radiotherapeutic Management. J Nucl Med 2020;61:46–50.
pubmed: 31302638
pmcid: 6954455
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.227637
Chow KM, So WZ, Lee HJ, Lee A, Yap DWT, Takwoingi Y, et al. Head-to-head Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and Conventional Imaging Modalities for Initial Staging of Intermediate- to High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2023;84:36–48.
pubmed: 37032189
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.001
Grünig H, Maurer A, Thali Y, Kovacs Z, Strobel K, Burger IA, et al. Focal unspecific bone uptake on [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET: a multicenter retrospective evaluation of the distribution, frequency, and quantitative parameters of a potential pitfall in prostate cancer imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:4483–94.
Anttinen M, Ettala O, Malaspina S, Jambor I, Sandell M, Kajander S, et al. A Prospective Comparison of (18)F-prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-1007 Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Whole-body 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion-weighted Imaging, and Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography with Traditional Imaging in Primary Distant Metastasis Staging of Prostate Cancer (PROSTAGE). Eur Urol Oncol. 2021;4:635–44.
pubmed: 32675047
doi: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.06.012
Arslan A, Karaarslan E, Güner AL, Sağlıcan Y, Tuna MB, Özışık O, et al. Comparison of MRI, PSMA PET/CT, and Fusion PSMA PET/MRI for Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2021;45:210–7.
pubmed: 33186177
doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001116
Budäus L, Leyh-Bannurah SR, Salomon G, Michl U, Heinzer H, Huland H, et al. Initial Experience of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging in High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy. Eur. Urol. [Internet] 2016;69:393–6. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0302283815005138 .
pubmed: 26116958
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.010
Barbosa ÁRG, Amaral BS, Lourenço DB, Bianco B, Gushiken FA, Apezzato M, et al. Accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT and PET-MRI in lymph node staging for localized prostate cancer. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2022;20:eAO6599.
pubmed: 35584444
doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022AO6599
Chen M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Zhao X, Marra G, Gao J, et al. Combination of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT and Multiparametric MRI Improves the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Lesion-by-Lesion Analysis. J Nucl Med 2019;60:944–9.
pubmed: 30552201
pmcid: 6604689
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.221010
Corona-Montes VE, González-Cuenca E, Fernández-Noyola G, Olarte-Casas MA, Bobadilla-Salazar D, Medrano-Urtecho HM, et al. Primary lymph-node staging with (68)Ga-PSMA PET in high-risk prostate cancer: pathologic correlation with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. Urol Oncol. 2021;39:494.e1–e6.
pubmed: 33223371
doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.074
Dekalo S, Kuten J, Campbell J, Mintz I, Bar-Yosef Y, Keizman D., et al. (68)Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography for patients with favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Can Urol Assoc J. 2022;16:E381–5.
pubmed: 35230941
pmcid: 9328847
doi: 10.5489/cuaj.7739
Donato P, Roberts MJ, Morton A, Kyle S, Coughlin G, Esler R, et al. Improved specificity with (68)Ga PSMA PET/CT to detect clinically significant lesions “invisible” on multiparametric MRI of the prostate: a single institution comparative analysis with radical prostatectomy histology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:20–30.
pubmed: 30229528
doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4160-7
Dyrberg E, Hendel HW, Huynh THV, Klausen TW, Løgager VB, Madsen C., et al. 68)Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in comparison with (18)F-fluoride-PET/CT and whole-body MRI for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Eur Radiol.2019;29:1221–30.
pubmed: 30132104
doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5682-x
El Hajj A, Yacoub B, Mansour M, Khauli R, Bulbul M, Nassif S, et al. Diagnostic performance of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography in intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. Med (Balt.) 2019;98:e17491.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017491
Erdem S, Simsek DH, Degirmenci E, Aydin R, Bagbudar S, Ozluk Y, et al. How accurate is (68)Gallium-prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography / computed tomography ((68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT) on primary lymph node staging before radical prostatectomy in intermediate and high risk prostate cancer? A study of patient- and lymph node- based analyses. Urol Oncol. 2022;40:6.e1–e9.
pubmed: 34400066
doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.07.006
Esen T, Falay O, Tarim K, Armutlu A, Koseoglu E, Kilic M. et al. (68)Ga-PSMA-11 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Primary Lymph Node Staging Before Radical Prostatectomy: Central Review of Imaging and Comparison with Histopathology of Extended Lymphadenectomy. Eur Urol Focus.2021;7:288–93.
pubmed: 33509671
doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.01.004
Fendler WP, Reinhardt S, Ilhan H, Delker A, Böning G, Gildehaus FJ, et al. Preliminary experience with dosimetry, response and patient reported outcome after 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:3581–90.
pubmed: 27683041
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12240
Frumer M, Milk N, Rinott Mizrahi G, Bistritzky S, Sternberg I, Leibovitch I, et al. A comparison between (68)Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET/CT and multiparametric MRI for excluding regional metastases prior to radical prostatectomy. Abdom Radio (NY) 2020;45:4194–201.
doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02640-1
Gao J, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Zhao X, Chen M, et al. Diagnostic performance of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT for identification of aggressive cribriform morphology in prostate cancer with whole-mount sections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:1531–41.
pubmed: 31025048
doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04320-9
Gupta M, Choudhury PS, Hazarika D, Rawal S. A Comparative Study of (68)Gallium-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Lymph Node Staging in High Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: An Initial Experience. World J Nucl Med. 2017;16:186–91.
pubmed: 28670175
pmcid: 5460300
doi: 10.4103/1450-1147.207272
Gupta M, Choudhury PS, Rawal S, Goel HC, Talwar V, Singh A, et al. Initial risk stratification and staging in prostate cancer with prostatic-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A first-stop-shop. World J Nucl Med. 2018;17:261–9.
pubmed: 30505224
pmcid: 6216727
doi: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_79_17
Herlemann A, Wenter V, Kretschmer A, Thierfelder KM, Bartenstein P, Faber C, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Provides Accurate Staging of Lymph Node Regions Prior to Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2016;70:553–7.
pubmed: 26810345
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.051
Hinsenveld FJ, Wit EMK, van Leeuwen PJ, Brouwer OR, Donswijk ML, Tillier CN, et al. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT Combined with Sentinel Node Biopsy for Primary Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med. 2020;61:540–5.
pubmed: 31562222
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.232199
Kopp D, Kopp J, Bernhardt E, Manka L, Beck A, Gerullis H, et al.
pubmed: 33965965
doi: 10.1159/000515651
Kopp J, Kopp D, Bernhardt E, Manka L, Beck A, Gerullis H, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT based primary staging and histological correlation after extended pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy. World J Urol. 2020;38:3085–90.
pubmed: 32103332
doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03131-0
Kulkarni SC, Sundaram PS, Padma S. In primary lymph nodal staging of patients with high-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, how critical is the role of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography? Nucl Med Commun. 2020;41:139–46.
pubmed: 31714366
doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001110
Kumar S, Singh H, Das CK, Kumar R, Mittal BR. Docetaxel-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis Detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021;46:e268–9.
pubmed: 33315676
doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003445
Kwan TN, Spremo S, Teh AYM, McHarg D, Thangasamy I, Woo HH. Performance of Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT for diagnosis and grading of local prostate cancer. Prostate Int 2021;9:107–12.
pubmed: 34386454
doi: 10.1016/j.prnil.2020.07.008
Lengana T, Lawal IO, Boshomane TG, Popoola GO, Mokoala KMG, Moshokoa E, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT Replacing Bone Scan in the Initial Staging of Skeletal Metastasis in Prostate Cancer: A Fait Accompli? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2018;16:392–401.
pubmed: 30120038
doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.07.009
Liu C, Liu T, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Du P, Yang Y, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT Combined with PET/Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy Can Diagnose Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Men with Previous Negative Biopsy Results. J Nucl Med 2020;61:1314–9.
pubmed: 32034111
pmcid: 7456174
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.119.235333
Lopci E, Lughezzani G, Castello A, Saita A, Colombo P, Hurle R, et al. Prospective Evaluation of 68Ga-labeled Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ligand Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Primary Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Eur Urol Focus 2021;7:764–71.
pubmed: 32312701
doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.03.004
Rogasch JM, Cash H, Zschaeck S, Elezkurtaj S, Brenner W, Hamm B, et al. Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT in treatment-naïve patients with prostate cancer: Which clinical parameters and risk stratification systems best predict PSMA-positive metastases? Prostate. 2018.
Thalgott M, Düwel C, Rauscher I, Heck MM, Haller B, Gafita A, et al. One-Stop-Shop Whole-Body (68)Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI Compared with Clinical Nomograms for Preoperative T and N Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer. Nucl Med. 2018;59:1850–6.
doi: 10.2967/jnumed.117.207696
van Leeuwen PJ, Donswijk M, Nandurkar R, Stricker P, Ho B, Heijmink S, et al. Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen ((68) Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) predicts complete biochemical response from radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2019;124:62–8.
pubmed: 30074667
doi: 10.1111/bju.14506
von Klot CAJ, Merseburger AS, Böker A, Schmuck S, Ross TL, Bengel FM, et al. (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging Predicting Intraprostatic Tumor Extent, Extracapsular Extension and Seminal Vesicle Invasion Prior to Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017;51:314–22.
doi: 10.1007/s13139-017-0476-7
Yilmaz B, Turkay R, Colakoglu Y, Baytekin HF, Ergul N, Sahin S, et al. Comparison of preoperative locoregional Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT and mp-MRI results with postoperative histopathology of prostate cancer. Prostate. 2019;79:1007–17.
pubmed: 31012125
doi: 10.1002/pros.23812
Zacho HD, Ravn S, Afshar-Oromieh A, Fledelius J, Ejlersen JA, Petersen LJ. Added value of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and a previous (99m)Tc bone scintigraphy. EJNMMI Res. 2020;10:31.
pubmed: 32270300
pmcid: 7142208
doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-00618-0
Zhang J, Shao S, Wu P, Liu D, Yang B, Han D, et al. Diagnostic performance of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the detection of prostate cancer prior to initial biopsy: comparison with cancer-predicting nomograms. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019;46:908–20.
pubmed: 30635755
doi: 10.1007/s00259-018-4255-1
Zhou C, Tang Y, Deng Z, Yang J, Zhou M, Wang L, et al. Comparison of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT and multiparametric MRI for the detection of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. EJNMMI Res 2022;12:10.
pubmed: 35147810
pmcid: 8837766
doi: 10.1186/s13550-022-00881-3