Family migration and well-being of Chinese migrant workers' children.
Chinese migrant workers’ children
Lifelong satisfaction
Social cognitive well-being
Vocational education and training school
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 06 2024
04 06 2024
Historique:
received:
05
11
2022
accepted:
30
05
2024
medline:
5
6
2024
pubmed:
5
6
2024
entrez:
4
6
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This article aims to explore the effects of parental migration on the well-being of children and how to adjust social cognitive well-being through the interrelations among family relations and social cognitive well-being indicators using structural equation modelling. Two modified social cognitive well-being models were tested in 1682 Chinese migrant workers' children to examine the pathways among social cognitive well-being and family relation characteristics. The modified models are based on the social cognitive well-being model and the characteristics of Chinese migrant workers' children. The results show that caregiver-child communication frequency, caregiver-child regulation, caregiver-child conflicts, caregiver-child trust and communication, and coactivity positively impact children's social cognitive well-being. In contrast, caregiver-child alienation negatively influences children's social cognitive factors through caregiver-child trust and communication. Additionally, this research revealed that family-related characteristics (caregiver-child regulation, caregiver-child coactivities, caregiver-child communication frequency, caregiver-child alienation, caregiver-child conflicts, and caregiver-child trust and communication) are interconnected with social cognitive well-being indicators (academic satisfaction, outcome expectations, goal progress, lifelong satisfaction, environmental support, positive affect, negative affect, and self-efficacy). This suggests that family migration and relationships with caregiver(s) can significantly affect the well-being of migrant workers' children.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38834711
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63589-5
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-63589-5
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
12862Subventions
Organisme : Chinese Scholarship Council
ID : CSC201708440316
Organisme : General Project of the Ministry of Education of China 2024
ID : 24C14655019
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Seventh national population census bulletin (No. 7). https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202302/t20230203_1901087.html (2021).
Yang, Y. Mobility or stability? The dilemma of mental health development among children of rural migrant workers in cities and consideration of countermeasures. J. Ment. Health Educ. Prim. Second. Sch. 9, 35–38 (2024).
Wang, B., Li, S., Li, G. M. & Du, H. Survey on the mental health status of rural left-behind children in the context of rural revitalization and the construction of a cloud service platform. J. Liaoning Educ. 1, 48–51 (2024).
Lent, R. W. Toward a unifying theoretical and practical perspective on well-being and psychosocial adjustment. J. Couns. Psychol. 51, 482–509 (2004).
doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.482
Işık, E., Ulubey, E. & Kozan, S. An examination of the social cognitive model of well-being in Turkish college students. J. Vocat. Behav. 106, 11–21 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.11.010
Jia, Z. & Tian, W. Loneliness of left-behind children: a cross-sectional survey in a sample of rural China. Child Care Health Dev. 36, 812–817 (2010).
pubmed: 20533912
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01110.x
Dai, Q. & Chu, R. X. Anxiety, happiness and self-esteem of western Chinese left-behind children. Child Abuse Negl. 86, 403–413 (2018).
pubmed: 27568066
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.08.002
Chen, X., Liang, N. & Ostertag, S. F. Victimization of children left behind in rural China. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 54, 515–543 (2017).
doi: 10.1177/0022427816660145
Chen, M. & Chan, K. L. Parental absence, child victimization, and psychological well-being in rural China. Child Abuse Negl. 59, 45–54 (2016).
pubmed: 27500387
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.009
Liu, L. J., Sun, X., Zhang, C. L., Wang, Y. & Guo, Q. A survey in rural China of parent-absence through migrant working: The impact on their children’s self-concept and loneliness. BMC Public Health 10, 32 (2010).
pubmed: 20096124
pmcid: 2823702
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-32
Lu, Y., Yeung, J. W., Liu, J. & Treiman, D. J. Migration and children’s psychosocial development in China: When and why migration matters. Soc. Sci. Res. 77, 130–147 (2019).
pubmed: 30466870
doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.09.002
Vocational Education Department. Some Opinions of Ministry of Education on Further Deepening Education Reform of Secondary Vocational Education (Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of Chin, 2008).
Zhao, C., Wang, F., Li, L., Zhou, X. & Hesketh, T. Long-term impacts of parental migration on Chinese children’s psychosocial well-being: Mitigating and exacerbating factors. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 52, 669–677 (2017).
pubmed: 28439622
pmcid: 5487538
doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1386-9
Jordan, L. P. & Graham, E. Resilience and well-being among children of migrant parents in South-East Asia. Child Dev. 83, 1672–1688 (2012).
pubmed: 22966930
pmcid: 3467762
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01810.x
Cortes, P. The feminization of international migration and its effects on the children left behind: Evidence from the Philippines. World Dev. 65, 62–78 (2015).
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.021
Graham, E. & Jordan, L. P. Migrant parents and the psychological well-being of left-behind children in Southeast Asia. J. Marriage Fam. 73, 763–787 (2011).
pubmed: 22163371
pmcid: 3229683
doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x
Mazzucato, V. et al. International parental migration and the psychological well-being of children in Ghana, Nigeria, and Angola. Soc. Sci. Med. 132, 215–224 (2015).
pubmed: 25464874
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.058
Zhao, K. et al. The epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children left-behind in Anhui Province. J. Dis. Control Prev. 11, 277–279 (2007).
Chan, A. & Crothall, E. G. Paying the Price for Economic Development: The Children of Migrant Workers in China (China Labour Bulletin, 2009).
Goe, R., Ipsen, C. & Bliss, S. Pilot testing a digital career literacy training for vocational rehabilitation professionals. Rehabil. Couns. Bull. 61, 236–243 (2018).
doi: 10.1177/0034355217724341
China Youth Daily. Expert Claims the Problem of Left-Behind Children is so Serious it Might Endanger the Future of Rural China (China Youth Daily, 2008).
China Youth Research Centre. China’s Children and Juveniles Statistical Handbook (Science Press, 2006).
Guang’an Municipal Party. A Survey of the Leftbehind Children in Guang’an City, Sichuan Province (Science Press, 2006).
Gao, L., Zheng, X. & Yan, B. B. The differences of well-being between the east and the west: From the view of self-construal. Adv. Psychol. Sci. 18, 1041–1045 (2010).
Valtolina, G. G. & Colombo, C. Psychological well-being, family relations, and developmental issues of children left behind. Psychol. Rep. 111, 905–928 (2012).
pubmed: 23402056
doi: 10.2466/21.10.17.PR0.111.6.905-928
Ling, M. “Bad students go to vocational schools!”: Education, social reproduction and migrant youth in urban China. China J. 73, 108–131 (2015).
doi: 10.1086/679271
Chai, X., Li, X., Ye, Z., Li, Y. & Lin, D. Subjective well-being among left-behind children in rural China: The role of ecological assets and individual strength. Child Care Health Dev. 45, 63–70 (2019).
pubmed: 30443917
doi: 10.1111/cch.12630
Patton, G. C. et al. Our future: A lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet 387, 2423–2478 (2016).
pubmed: 27174304
pmcid: 5832967
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00579-1
Moore, G. F. et al. School, peer and family relationships and adolescent substance use, subjective wellbeing and mental health symptoms in wales: A cross sectional study. Child Indic. Res. 11, 1951–1965 (2018).
pubmed: 30524519
pmcid: 6244918
doi: 10.1007/s12187-017-9524-1
Wu, Z. H. & Li, J. M. The realistic dilemma and policy choice of migrant workers’ migrant children receiving compulsory education in cities. Educ. Res. (2016).
Huang, Y., Song, Q., Tao, R. & Liang, Z. Migration, family arrangement, and children’s health in China. Child Dev. 89, e74–e90 (2018).
pubmed: 27982411
doi: 10.1111/cdev.12699
Langton, C. E. & Berger, L. M. Family structure and adolescent physical health, behavior, and emotional well-being. Soc. Serv. Rev. 85, 323–357 (2011).
pubmed: 23788821
pmcid: 3685438
doi: 10.1086/661922
Xiong, M. & Ye, Y. D. A review of the research on the mental health of the children of rural migrant workers in China. Adv. Psychol. Sci. 1798–1813 (2011).
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. & Hackett, G. Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. J. Vocat. Behav. 45, 79–122 (1994).
doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H. & Lightsey, R. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. J. Cogn. Psychother. 13, 158–166 (1999).
doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158
Bandura, A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory (Prentice Hall, 1986).
Fouad, N. A. & Guillen, A. Outcome expectations: Looking to the past and potential future. J. Career Assess. 14, 130–142 (2006).
doi: 10.1177/1069072705281370
Zhang, F. Y. From, “confucian well-being” to “gentleman well-being”-mencius’ four directions of well-being. Qilu J. 4, 19–23 (2014).
Lu, L. Well-being of Chinese people. Discov. Appl. Phsychol. 9, 19–31 (2007).
Zhong, J. & Arnett, J. J. Conceptions of adulthood among migrant women workers in China. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 38, 255–265 (2014).
doi: 10.1177/0165025413515133
Sheu, H. B., Chong, S. S., Chen, H. F. & Lin, W. C. Well-being of Taiwanese and Singaporean college students: Cross-cultural validity of a modified social cognitive model. J. Couns. Psychol. 61, 447–460 (2014).
pubmed: 25019547
doi: 10.1037/cou0000018
Christopher, J. C. Situating psychological well-being: Exploring the cultural roots of its theory and research. J. Couns. Dev. 77, 141–152 (1999).
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02434.x
Celeste, G. & Puritz, P. Children left behing: An assessment of access to counsel and quality of representation in delinquency proceedings in Louisiana. SUL Rev. 30, 395 (2002).
Aneshensel, C. S. & Sucoff, C. A. The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health. J. Health Soc. Behav. 37, 293–310 (1996).
pubmed: 8997886
doi: 10.2307/2137258
Lent, R. W. et al. Social cognitive predictors of academic interests and goals in engineering: Utility for women and students at historically black universities. J. Couns. Psychol. 52, 84–92 (2005).
doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.52.1.84
Sheu, H. B., Liu, Y. & Li, Y. Well-being of college students in China: Testing a modified social cognitive model. J. Career Assess. 25, 144–158 (2017).
doi: 10.1177/1069072716658240
Leiter, M. P. & Schaufeli, W. B. Consistency of the burnout construct across occupations. Anxiety Stress Cop. 9, 229–243 (1996).
doi: 10.1080/10615809608249404
Lent, R. W. & Brown, S. D. Integrating person and situation perspectives on work satisfaction: A social-cognitive view. J. Vocat. Behav. 69, 236–247 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2006.02.006
Hu, Q. & Schaufeli, W. B. The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout inventory-student survey in China. Psychol. Rep. 105, 394–408 (2009).
pubmed: 19928601
doi: 10.2466/PR0.105.2.394-408
Armsden, G. C. & Greenberg, M. T. The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. J. Youth Adolesc. 16, 427–454 (1987).
pubmed: 24277469
doi: 10.1007/BF02202939
Central Government of the People’s Republic of China (2019).
Xu, T. et al. Perception on risk factors of child maltreatment in China: A qualitative study among health professionals. BMJ Open 9, e029071 (2019).
pubmed: 31182454
pmcid: 6561447
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029071
Tur-Porcar, A., Mestre, V. & Llorca, A. Parenting: Psychometric analysis of two studies in Spanish population. Anu. Psicol. 45, 347–359 (2015).
Lee, R. M., Choe, J., Kim, G. & Ngo, V. Construction of the Asian American family conflicts scale. J. Couns. Psychol. 47, 211–222 (2000).
doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.47.2.211
Sluzki, C. E. Migration and family conflict. Fam. Process 18, 379–390 (1979).
pubmed: 527699
doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1979.00379.x
Diener, E. Traits can be powerful, but are not enough: Lessons from subjective well-being. J. Res. Pers. 30, 389–399 (1996).
doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1996.0027
Lyubomirsky, S. Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. Am. Psychol. 56, 239–249 (2001).
pubmed: 11315250
doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.239
Veenhoven, R. Is happiness a trait? In Citation Classics from Social Indicators Research: The Most Cited Articles Edited and Introduced by Alex C. Michalos (ed. Michalos, A. C.) 477–536 (Springer, 2005).
doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3742-2_17
Tellegen, A. & Waller, N. G. Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the multidimensional personality questionnaire. In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment (eds Boyle, G. J. et al.) 261–292 (Sage Publications Inc, 2008).
Lawrence, J. W., Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. Velocity toward goal attainment in immediate experience as a determinant of affect. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 32(4), 788–802 (2002).
doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00242.x
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52, 141–166 (2001).
pubmed: 11148302
doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Sanderson, C. A. & Cantor, N. A life task perspective on personality coherence: Stability versus change in tasks, goals, strategies, and outcomes. In The Coherence of Personality: Social-Cognitive Bases of Consistency, Variability, and Organization (eds Cervone, D. & Shoda, Y.) 372–392 (Guilford Press, 1999).
DeNeve, K. M. Happy as an extraverted clam? The role of personality for subjective well-being. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 8, 141–144 (1999).
doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00033
Heppner, P. P. & Lee, D. G. Problem-solving appraisal and psychological adjustment. In Handbook of Positive Psychology (eds Snyder, C. R. & Lopez, S. J.) 288–298 (Oxford University Press, 2002).
Argyle, M. 18 causes and correlates of happiness. In Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (ed. Argyle, M.) 169–190 (Russell Sage Foundation, 2003).
National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. 2017 migrant workers monitoring survey report. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201804/t20180427_1596389.html (2018).
Meng, X. & Manning, C. The great migration in China and Indonesia: trends and institutions. In The great migration Vol. 288 (eds Meng, X. & Manning, C.) 10–13 (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010).
doi: 10.4337/9781781000724
Ministry of Civil Affairs of People’s Republic of China. Data of national left-behind children in 2018. http://www.mca.gov.cn/article/gk/tjtb/201809/20180900010882.shtml (2018).
Net, D. T. Communique on the 2005 Education Development Plan; Understanding the Key Issues (Long Hu Net, 2005).
Ezeofor, I. & Lent, R. W. Social cognitive and self-construal predictors of well-being among African college students in the US. J. Vocat. Behav. 85, 413–421 (2014).
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.09.003
Mundfrom, D. J. & Whitcomb, A. Imputing missing values: the effect on the accuracy of classification. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED419817 (1998).
National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. 2018 migrant workers monitoring survey report. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tJSj/zxfb/201904/t20190429_1662268.html (2019).
Gibson, J. W. Compensating for missing data in social work research. Soc. Work Res. Abstr. 28, 3–8 (1992).
doi: 10.1093/swra/28.2.3
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. & Griffin, S. The satisfaction with life scale. J. Pers. Assess. 49, 71–75 (1985).
pubmed: 16367493
doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Pavot, W. & Diener, E. The satisfaction with life scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. J. Posit. Psychol. 3, 137–152 (2008).
doi: 10.1080/17439760701756946
Sheu, H. B., Mejia, A., Rigali-Oiler, M., Primé, D. R. & Chong, S. S. Social cognitive predictors of academic and life satisfaction: Measurement and structural equivalence across three racial/ethnic groups. J. Couns. Psychol. 63, 460–474 (2016).
pubmed: 27177025
doi: 10.1037/cou0000158
Lent, R. W. et al. Predicting the job and life satisfaction of Italian teachers: Test of a social cognitive model. J. Vocat. Behav. 79, 91–97 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.006
Duffy, R. D. & Lent, R. W. Test of a social cognitive model of work satisfaction in teachers. J. Vocat. Behav. 75, 212–223 (2009).
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.001
Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54, 1063–1070 (1988).
pubmed: 3397865
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Fischer, J. A. Subjective well-being as welfare measure: Concepts and methodology. Munich Pers. RePEc Arch. 43, 5–9 (2009).
Tomșa, R. & Jenaro, C. Children left behind in romania: Anxiety and predictor variables. Psychol. Rep. 116, 485–512 (2015).
pubmed: 25730748
doi: 10.2466/10.17.PR0.116k19w1
Currie, C. et al. Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) family affluence scale. Soc. Sci. Med. 66, 1429–1436 (2008).
pubmed: 18179852
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.024
Hu, Q. & Bentler, P. M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. 6(1), 1–55 (1999).
doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Xu, L., Cheung, M., Leung, P. & Xu, Y. Migrant child phenomenon in China: Subjective happiness factors for assessing service needs. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 90, 66–73 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.05.003