Delaying high school start times impacts depressed mood among students: evidence from a natural experiment.
Adolescent depression
Causal inference
Heterogeneity of treatment effect
Instrumental variable
School start time delays
Journal
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
ISSN: 1433-9285
Titre abrégé: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8804358
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 Jun 2024
07 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
21
11
2023
accepted:
27
05
2024
medline:
7
6
2024
pubmed:
7
6
2024
entrez:
7
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Delaying high school start times prolongs weekday sleep. However, it is not clear if longer sleep reduces depression symptoms and if the impact of such policy change is the same across groups of adolescents. We examined how gains in weekday sleep impact depression symptoms in 2,134 high school students (mean age 15.16 ± 0.35 years) from the Minneapolis metropolitan area. Leveraging a natural experiment design, we used the policy change to delay school start times as an instrument to estimate the effect of a sustained gain in weekday sleep on repeatedly measured Kandel-Davies depression symptoms. We also evaluated whether allocating the policy change to subgroups with expected benefit could improve the impact of the policy. Over 2 years, a sustained half-hour gain in weekday sleep expected as a result of the policy change to delay start times decreased depression symptoms by 0.78 points, 95%CI (-1.32,-0.28), or 15.6% of a standard deviation. The benefit was driven by a decrease in fatigue and sleep-related symptoms. While symptoms of low mood, hopelessness, and worry were not affected by the policy on average, older students with greater daily screen use and higher BMI experienced greater improvements in mood symptoms than would be expected on average, signaling heterogeneity. Nevertheless, universal implementation outperformed prescriptive strategies. High school start time delays are likely to universally decrease fatigue and overall depression symptoms in adolescents. Students who benefit most with respect to mood are older, spend more time on screens and have higher BMI.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38847813
doi: 10.1007/s00127-024-02694-2
pii: 10.1007/s00127-024-02694-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : T32 MH 17119-36
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD088176
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P2C HD041023
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
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