Exploring Rare Earth Element behavior in the Mount Etna volcanic aquifers (Sicily).
Drinking water
Rare Earth Elements
Water–rock interaction
Journal
Environmental geochemistry and health
ISSN: 1573-2983
Titre abrégé: Environ Geochem Health
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8903118
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 Jun 2024
07 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
19
01
2024
accepted:
29
04
2024
medline:
8
6
2024
pubmed:
8
6
2024
entrez:
7
6
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This study presents the first data on REY (Rare Earth Elements plus Yttrium) in the aquifer of Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy). Patterns normalized to chondrites indicate strong water-rock interaction, facilitated by a slightly acidic pH resulting from the dissolution of magma-derived CO
Identifiants
pubmed: 38849684
doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02020-4
pii: 10.1007/s10653-024-02020-4
doi:
Substances chimiques
Metals, Rare Earth
0
Yttrium
58784XQC3Y
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
237Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Aiuppa, A., Allard, P., D’Alessandro, W., Michel, A., Parello, F., Treuil, M., & Valenza, M. (2000). Mobility and fluxes of major, minor and trace metals during basalt weathering and groundwater transport at Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(11), 1827–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00345-8
Aiuppa, A., Bellomo, S., Brusca, L., D’Alessandro, W., & Federico, C. (2003). Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting groundwater quality of an active volcano (Mt. Etna, Italy). Appl Geochem, 18(6), 863–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00182-8
Aiuppa, A., Federico, C., Giudice, G., Gurrieri, S., Liuzzo, M., Shinohara, H., Favarra, R., & Valenza, M. (2006). Rates of carbon dioxide plume degassing from Mount Etna volcano. J Geophys Res Solid Earth, 111(9). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JB004307
Anders, E., & Grevesse, N. (1989). Abundances of the elements: Meteoritic and solar. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 53(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X
Arienzo, M., Ferrara, L., Trifuoggi, M., & Toscanesi, M. (2022). Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries. Water, 14(3), 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030401
doi: 10.3390/w14030401
Arslan, Z., Oymak, T., & White, J. (2018). Triethylamine-assisted Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation/preconcentration for determination of trace metals and rare earth elements in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analytica Chimica Acta, 1008, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.017
doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.017
Atwood, D. A. (2013). The rare earth elements: Fundamentals and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
De Baar, H. J. W., Schijf, J., & Byrne, R. H. (1991). Solution chemistry of the rare earth elements in seawater. European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry, 28(Suppl.), 357–373.
Babechuk, M. G., Widdowson, M., Murphy, M., & Kamber, B. S. (2015). A combined Y/Ho, high field strength element (HFSE) and Nd isotope perspective on basalt weathering, Deccan Traps, India. Chemical Geology, 396, 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.017
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.017
Barberi, F., Civetta, L., Gasparini, P., Innocenti, F., Scandone, R., & Villari, L. (1974). Evolution of a section of the Africa-Europe plate boundary: Paleomagnetic and volcanological evidence from Sicily. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 22(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90072-7
doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(74)90072-7
Barreca, G., Bonforte, A., & Neri, M. (2013). A pilot GIS database of active faults of Mt. Etna (Sicily): A tool for integrated hazard evaluation. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 251, 170–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.013
doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.013
Bau, M. (1999). Scavenging of dissolved yttrium and rare earths by precipitating iron oxyhydroxide: Experimental evidence for Ce oxidation, Y-Ho fractionation, and lanthanide tetrad effect. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00014-9
doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00014-9
Bau, M., & Dulski, P. (1996). Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup. South Africa. Precambrian Res, 79(1–2), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
Bau, M., & Dulski, P. (1999). Comparing yttrium and rare earths in hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for Y and REE behaviour during near-vent mixing and for the Y/Ho ratio of proterozoic seawater. Chemical Geology, 155(1–2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00142-9
doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00142-9
Bau, M., Dulski, P., Möller, P., et al. (1995). Yttrium and holmium in South Pacific seawater: Vertical distribution and possible fractionation mechanisms. Chemie Der Erde, 55(1), 1–15.
Bau, M., Koschinsky, A., Dulski, P., & Hein, J. R. (1996). Comparison of the partitioning behaviours of yttrium, rare earth elements, and titanium between hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese crusts and seawater. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(10), 1709–1725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00063-4
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00063-4
Bellia, C., Gallardo, A., Yasuhara, M., & Kazahaya, K. (2015). Geochemical Characterization of Groundwater in a Volcanic System. Resources, 4(2), 358–377. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources4020358
doi: 10.3390/resources4020358
Branca, S., & Ferrara, V. (2013). The morphostructural setting of Mount Etna sedimentary basement (Italy): Implications for the geometry and volume of the volcano and its flank instability. Tectonophysics, 586, 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.011
doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.011
Brookins, D. G. (1989). Chapter 8. Aqueous geochemistry of rare earth elements. In Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements (pp. 201–226). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501509032-011
Brusca, L., Aiuppa, A., D’Alessandro, W., Parello, F., Allard, P., & Michel, A. (2001). Geochemical mapping of magmatic gas-water-rock interactions in the aquifer of Mount Etna volcano. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 108(1–4), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00286-9
doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00286-9
Byrne, R. H., & Kim, K.-H. (1990). Rare earth element scavenging in seawater. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 54(10), 2645–2656. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90002-3
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90002-3
Byrne, R. H., & Li, B. (1995). Comparative complexation behavior of the rare earths. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(22), 4575–4589. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00303-7
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00303-7
Calabrese, S., D’Alessandro, W., Bellomo, S., Brusca, L., Martin, R. S., Saiano, F., & Parello, F. (2015). Characterization of the Etna volcanic emissions through an active biomonitoring technique (moss-bags): Part 1 – Major and trace element composition. Chemosphere, 119, 1447–1455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.086
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.086
Censi, P., Sortino, F., Zuddas, P., Saiano, F., Brusca, L., Chiavetta, S., & Falcone, E. E. (2017). Rare earths behaviour during the deposition of volcanic sublimates. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 331, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.015
doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.015
Chester, D. K., Duncan, A. M., Guest, J. E., & Kilburn, C. R. J. (1985). Etna and the Etna region. In Mount Etna (pp. 37–64). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4079-6_2
Correale, A., Paonita, A., Martelli, M., Rizzo, A., Rotolo, S. G., Corsaro, R. A., & Di Renzo, V. (2014). A two-component mantle source feeding Mt. Etna magmatism: Insights from the geochemistry of primitive magmas. Lithos, 184–187, 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LITHOS.2013.10.038
doi: 10.1016/J.LITHOS.2013.10.038
Craddock, P. R., Bach, W., Seewald, J. S., Rouxel, O. J., Reeves, E., & Tivey, M. K. (2010). Rare earth element abundances in hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea: Indicators of sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes in back-arc basins. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(19), 5494–5513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.003
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.003
D’Alessandro, W., De Gregorio, S., Dongarrà, G., Gurrieri, S., Parello, F., & Parisi, B. (1997). Chemical and isotopic characterization of the gases of Mount Etna (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 78(1–2), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00003-6
doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00003-6
D’Alessandro, W., Federico, C., Longo, M., & Parello, F. (2004). Oxygen isotope composition of natural waters in the Mt Etna area. Journal of Hydrology, 296(1–4), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.002
doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.002
D’Orazio, M., Armienti, P., & Cerretini, S. (1998). Phenocryst/matrix trace-element partition coefficients for hawaiite-trachyte lavas from the Ellittico volcanic sequence (Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy). Mineralogy and Petrology, 64(1–4), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01226564
doi: 10.1007/BF01226564
Davranche, M., Gruau, G., Dia, A., Coz, M. B., Marsac, R., Rinklebe, J., Knox, A. S., & Paller, M. H. (2017). Rare Earth Elements in wetlands. In Trace Elements in Waterlogged Soils and Sediments. Taylor and Francis Group/CRC Press.
Douville, E., Bienvenu, P., Charlou, J. L., Donval, J. P., Fouquet, Y., Appriou, P., & Gamo, T. (1999). Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(5), 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00024-1
doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00024-1
Erel, Y., & Stolper, E. M. (1993). Modeling of rare-earth element partitioning between particles and solution in aquatic environments. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(3), 513–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90363-2
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90363-2
Falcone, E. E., Federico, C., & Boudoire, G. (2022). Geochemistry of trace metals and Rare Earth Elements in shallow marine water affected by hydrothermal fluids at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Chemical Geology, 593(February), 120756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120756
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120756
Federico, C., Longo, M., D’Alessandro, W., Bellomo, S., Bonfanti, P., & Brusca, L. (2017). Hydrological versus volcanic processes affecting fluid circulation at Mt. Etna: Inferences from 10 years of observations at the volcanic aquifer. Chemical Geology, 452, 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2017.01.004
doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2017.01.004
Ferrara, V. (1975). Idrogeologia del versante orientale dell’Etna. Atti del III Convegno Internazionale Sulle Acque Sotterranee, Palermo (Italy) 1–5 Nov. 1975, 91–144.
Ferrara, V., & Pappalardo, G. (2008). The hydrogeological map of the Etna volcanic massif as useful tool for groundwater resources management. Italian J Eng Geol Environ. https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2008-01.S-06
doi: 10.4408/IJEGE.2008-01.S-06
Gwenzi, W., Mangori, L., Danha, C., Chaukura, N., Dunjana, N., & Sanganyado, E. (2018). Sources, behaviour, and environmental and human health risks of high-technology rare earth elements as emerging contaminants. Science of the Total Environment, 636, 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.235
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.235
Hannington, M. D., De Ronde, C. E. J., & Petersen, S. (2005). Sea-Floor Tectonics and Submarine Hydrothermal Systems. Society of Economic Geologists. https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.06
doi: 10.5382/AV100.06
Hao, X., Wang, D., Wang, P., Wang, Y., & Zhou, D. (2016). Evaluation of water quality in surface water and shallow groundwater: A case study of a rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi Province. China. Environ Monit Assess, 188(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5025-1
doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-5025-1
Hirn, A., Nicolich, R., Gallart, J., Laigle, M., Cernobori, L., & ETNASEIS Scientific Group. (1997). Roots of Etna volcano in faults of great earthquakes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 148(1–2), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00023-X
doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00023-X
Inguaggiato, C., Pappaterra, S., Peiffer, L., Apollaro, C., Brusca, L., De Rosa, R., Rouwet, D., Caudron, C., & Suparjan. (2020). Mobility of REE from a hyperacid brine to secondary minerals precipitated in a volcanic hydrothermal system: Kawah Ijen crater lake (Java, Indonesia). Science of the Total Environment, 740, 140133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140133
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140133
Joron, J. L., & Treuil, M. (1984). Étude géochimique et pétrogenèse des laves de l’Etna, Sicile. Italie. Bull Volcanol, 47(4), 1125–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01952368
doi: 10.1007/BF01952368
Kevin H., Johannesson Klaus J., Stetzenbach Vernon F., Hodge W., & Berry Lyons (1996). Rare earth element complexation behavior in circumneutral pH groundwaters: Assessing the role of carbonate and phosphate ions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 139(1—2), 305—319. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(96)00016-7
doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00016-7
Klinkhammer, G., Elderfield, H., Edmond, J., & Mitra, A. (1994). Geochemical implications of rare earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids from mid-ocean ridges. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(23), 5105–5113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90297-6
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90297-6
Lawrence, M. G., Greig, A., Collerson, K. D., & Kamber, B. S. (2006). Direct quantification of rare earth element concentrations in natural waters by ICP-MS. Applied Geochemistry, 21(5), 839–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.013
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.013
Lee, J. H., & Byrne, R. H. (1992). Examination of comparative rare earth element complexation behavior using linear free-energy relationships. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(3), 1127–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90050-S
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90050-S
Lentini, F. (1982) The geology of the Mt. Etna basement. In: Romano R, (ed.) Mount Etna Volcano, a Review of Recent Earth Sciences Studies. Mem Soc Geol It, 23, 7–25.
Liotta, M., D’Alessandro, W., Arienzo, I., & Longo, M. (2017). Tracing the circulation of groundwater in volcanic systems using the 87Sr/86Sr ratio: Application to Mt. Etna. J Volcanol Geotherm Res, 331, 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.002
doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.002
Liotta, M., D’Alessandro, W., Bellomo, S., & Brusca, L. (2016). Volcanic plume fingerprint in the groundwater of a persistently degassing basaltic volcano: Mt. Etna. Chem Geol, 433, 68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2016.03.032
doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2016.03.032
Liotta, M., Grassa, F., D’Alessandro, W., Favara, R., Gagliano Candela, E., Pisciotta, A., & Scaletta, C. (2013). Isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater in Sicily, Italy. Applied Geochemistry, 34, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.03.012
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.03.012
Liu, X., & Byrne, R. H. (1995). Comparative carbonate complexation of yttrium and gadolinium at 25 °C and 0.7 mol dm−3 ionic strength. Marine Chem, 51(3), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00067-4
doi: 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00067-4
Liu, X. R., Liu, W. S., Tang, Y. T., Wang, S. Z., Cao, Y. J., Chen, Z. W., Xie, C. D., Liu, C., Guo, M. N., & Qiu, R. L. (2022). Effects of in situ leaching on the origin and migration of rare earth elements in aqueous systems of South China: Insights based on REE patterns, and Ce and Eu anomalies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 435, 128959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128959
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128959
MacMillan, G. A., Chételat, J., Heath, J. P., Mickpegak, R., & Amyot, M. (2017). Rare earth elements in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, 19(10), 1336–1345. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EM00082K
doi: 10.1039/C7EM00082K
Malhotra, N., Hsu, H.-S., Liang, S.-T., Roldan, M. J. M., Lee, J.-S., Ger, T.-R., & Hsiao, C.-D. (2020). An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms. Animals, 10(9), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091663
doi: 10.3390/ani10091663
Martino, C., Chianese, T., Chiarelli, R., Roccheri, M. C., & Scudiero, R. (2022). Toxicological Impact of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on the Reproduction and Development of Aquatic Organisms Using Sea Urchins as Biological Models. International J Mol Sci, 23(5), 2876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052876
doi: 10.3390/ijms23052876
McLennan, S. M. (1989). Chapter 7. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. In Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements (pp. 169–200). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501509032-010
Michard, A., Albarède, F., Michard, G., Minster, J. F., & Charlou, J. L. (1983). Rare-earth elements and uranium in high-temperature solutions from East Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent field (13 °N). Nature, 303(5920), 795–797. https://doi.org/10.1038/303795a0
doi: 10.1038/303795a0
Möller, Peter, Dulski, P., & De Lucia, M. (2021). Rey patterns and their natural anomalies in waters and brines: The correlation of gd and y anomalies. Hydrology, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030116
Möller, P., Dulski, P., Gerstenberger, H., Morteani, G., & Fuganti, A. (1998). Rare earth elements, yttrium and H, O, C, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope studies in mineral waters and corresponding rocks from NW-Bohemia. Czech Republic. Appl Geochem, 13(8), 975–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00024-9
doi: 10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00024-9
Ogawa, Y., Ishiyama, D., Đorđievski, S., Petrović, J., Milivojević, M., Saini-Eidukat, B., & Wood, S. A. (2021). Geochemical mobility of rare earth elements (REEs) and actinides (U and Th) originating from Kusatsu acid thermal waters during neutralization and river transport: Effect of aqueous speciation on sorption onto suspended materials and fractionation among R. Chemical Geology, 586, 120559. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2021.120559
doi: 10.1016/J.CHEMGEO.2021.120559
Ogniben, L. (1966). Lineamenti idrogeologici dell’Etna. Rivista Mineraria Siciliana, 100–102, Palermo
Ohta, A., & Kawabe, I. (2000). Rare eath element partitioning between fe oxyhydroxide precipitates and aqueous NaCl solutions doped with NaHCO3: Determinations of rare earth element complexation constants with carbonate ions. Geochemical Journal, 34(6), 439–454. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.34.439
doi: 10.2343/geochemj.34.439
Ohta, A., & Kawabe, I. (2001). REE(III) adsorption onto Mn dioxide (δ-Mn02) and Fe oxyhydroxide: Ce(III) oxidation by δ-MnO2. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 65(5), 695–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00578-0
doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00578-0
Pagano, G., Aliberti, F., Guida, M., Oral, R., Siciliano, A., Trifuoggi, M., & Tommasi, F. (2015). Rare earth elements in human and animal health: State of art and research priorities. Environmental Research, 142, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.039
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.039
Pagano, G., Thomas, P. J., Di Nunzio, A., & Trifuoggi, M. (2019). Human exposures to rare earth elements: Present knowledge and research prospects. Environmental Research, 171, 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.004
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.004
Pichler, T., Veizer, J., & Hall, G. E. (1999). The chemical composition of shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea and their effect on ambient seawater. Marine Chem, 64(3), 229–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00076-0
doi: 10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00076-0
Price, R. E., LaRowe, D. E., Italiano, F., Savov, I., Pichler, T., & Amend, J. P. (2015). Subsurface hydrothermal processes and the bioenergetics of chemolithoautotrophy at the shallow-sea vents off Panarea Island (Italy). Chemical Geology, 407–408, 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.04.011
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.04.011
Price, R. E., Savov, I., Planer-Friedrich, B., Bühring, S. I., Amend, J., & Pichler, T. (2013). Processes influencing extreme as enrichment in shallow-sea hydrothermal fluids of milos island, greece. Chemical Geology, 348, 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.007
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.007
Quinn, K. A., Byrne, R. H., & Schijf, J. (2004). Comparative scavenging of yttrium and the rare earth elements in seawater: Competitive influences of solution and surface chemistry. Aquatic Geochem, 10(1–2), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AQUA.0000038959.03886.60
doi: 10.1023/B:AQUA.0000038959.03886.60
Quinn, K. A., Byrne, R. H., & Schijf, J. (2006). Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide: Influence of pH and ionic strength. Marine Chem, 99(1–4), 128–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.05.011
doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.05.011
Rim, K. T., Koo, K. H., & Park, J. S. (2013). Toxicological evaluations of rare earths and their health impacts to workers: A literature review. Safety and Health at Work, 4(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.12
doi: 10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.12
Romano, R. (1982). Succession of volcanic activity in the Etnean area. In: Romano R, (ed.) Mount Etna Volcano, a Review of Recent Earth Sciences Studies. Mem Soc Geol It, 23, 27–48.
Schilirò, F. (1988). Proposta metodologica per una zonazione geologico-tecnica del centro abitato di Maletto. Geologia Tecnica, 3(88), 32–53.
Shin, S. H., Kim, H. O., & Rim, K. T. (2019). Worker safety in the rare earth elements recycling process from the review of toxicity and issues. Safety and Health at Work, 10(4), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.08.005
doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.08.005
Sholkovitz, E. R., Landing, W. M., & Lewis, B. L. (1994). Ocean particle chemistry: The fractionation of rare earth elements between suspended particles and seawater. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(6), 1567–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90559-2
doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90559-2
Sneller, F. E. ., Kalf, D. ., Weltje, L., & and Van Wezel, A. P. (2000). Maximum Permissible Concentrations and Negligible Concentrations for Rare Earth Elements (REEs). In Public Health (Issue 601501, pp. 1–66). Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM. http://hdl.handle.net/10029/9551
Stead, C. V., Tomlinson, E. L., Kamber, B. S., Babechuk, M. G., & McKenna, C. A. (2017). Rare Earth Element Determination in Olivine by Laser Ablation-Quadrupole-ICP-MS: An Analytical Strategy and Applications. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 41(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12157
doi: 10.1111/ggr.12157
Stefánsson, A. (2001). Dissolution of primary minerals of basalt in natural waters I. Calculation of mineral solubilities from 0°C to 350°C. Chemical Geology, 172(3–4), 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00263-1
doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00263-1
Takaya, Y., Yasukawa, K., Kawasaki, T., Fujinaga, K., Ohta, J., Usui, Y., Nakamura, K., Kimura, J.-I., Chang, Q., Hamada, M., Dodbiba, G., Nozaki, T., Iijima, K., Morisawa, T., Kuwahara, T., Ishida, Y., Ichimura, T., Kitazume, M., Fujita, T., & Kato, Y. (2018). The tremendous potential of deep-sea mud as a source of rare-earth elements. Science and Reports, 8(1), 5763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23948-5
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23948-5
Tanaka, K., & Kawabe, I. (2006). REE abundances in ancient seawater inferred from marine limestone and experimental REE partition coefficients between calcite and aqueous solution. Geochemical Journal, 40(5), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.40.425
doi: 10.2343/geochemj.40.425
Tanaka, K., Takahashi, Y., & Shimizu, H. (2008). Local structure of Y and Ho in calcite and its relevance to Y fractionation from Ho in partitioning between calcite and aqueous solution. Chemical Geology, 248(1–2), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.003
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.003
Tanguy, J.-C., Condomines, M., & Kieffer, G. (1997). Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: Constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 75(3–4), 221–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00065-0
doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00065-0
Tarquini, S., Isola, I., Favalli, M., Battistini, A., & Dotta, G. T. (2023). A digital elevation model of Italy with a 10 meters cell size (Version 1.1). Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV): Roma, Italy, 1, 1-2.
Tepe, N., Romero, M., & Bau, M. (2014). High-technology metals as emerging contaminants: Strong increase of anthropogenic gadolinium levels in tap water of Berlin, Germany, from 2009 to 2012. Applied Geochemistry, 45, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.006
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.006
Thompson, A., Amistadi, M. K., Chadwick, O. A., & Chorover, J. (2013). Fractionation of yttrium and holmium during basaltic soil weathering. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 119, 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.003
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.003
Tian, S., Liang, T., Li, K., & Wang, L. (2018). Source and path identification of metals pollution in a mining area by PMF and rare earth element patterns in road dust. Science of the Total Environment, 633, 958–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.227
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.227
Tweed, S. O., Weaver, T. R., Cartwright, I., & Schaefer, B. (2006). Behavior of rare earth elements in groundwater during flow and mixing in fractured rock aquifers: An example from the Dandenong Ranges, southeast Australia. Chemical Geology, 234(3–4), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.05.006
doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.05.006
Viccaro, M., Calcagno, R., Garozzo, I., Giuffrida, M., & Nicotra, E. (2015). Continuous magma recharge at Mt. Etna during the 2011–2013 period controls the style of volcanic activity and compositions of erupted lavas. Mineralogy and Petrology, 109(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-014-0352-4
doi: 10.1007/s00710-014-0352-4
Waring, P. M., & Watling, R. J. (1990). Rare earth deposits in a deceased movie projectionist: A new case of rare earth pneumoconiosis? Med J Australia, 153(11–12), 726–730. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126334.x
doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126334.x
Wood, S. A. (1990). The aqueous geochemistry of the rare-earth elements and yttrium. Chemical Geology, 82, 159–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90080-Q
doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(90)90080-Q
Zheng, X.-Y., Plancherel, Y., Saito, M. A., Scott, P. M., & Henderson, G. M. (2016). Rare earth elements (REEs) in the tropical South Atlantic and quantitative deconvolution of their non-conservative behavior. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 177, 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.018
doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.018
Zhu, W., Xu, S., Shao, P., Zhang, H., Feng, J., Wu, D., & Yang, W. (1997). Investigation on intake allowance of rare earth--A study on bio-effect of rare earth in South Jiangxi. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue, 17(1), 63–66. http://europepmc.org/abstract/CBA/301847