Beyond the Charge: Interplay of Nanogels' Functional Group and Zeta-Potential for Antifungal Drug Delivery to Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.

The ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the main fungal pathogens causing invasive infections in immunocompromised humans. Conventional antifungal agents exhibit limited efficacy and often cause severe side effects. Nanoparticle-based antifungal delivery provides a promising alternative, which can increase local drug concentration while mitigating toxicity, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. Previous research underscores the potential of poly(glycidol)-based nanogels (NG) with negative surface charge as carriers for delivering antifungals to A. fumigatus hyphae. In this study, we tailored NG with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA) or with phosphoric acid 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (PHA). We discovered that quenching with PHA clearly improved the adhesion of NG to hyphal surface and the internalization of NG into the hyphae under protein-rich conditions, surpassing the outcomes of non-quenched and CEA-quenched NG. This enhancement cannot be solely attributed to an increase in negative surface charge but appears to be contingent on the functional group of the quencher. Furthermore, we demonstrate that itraconazole-loaded, PHA-functionalized nanogels (NGxPHA-ITZ) showed lower MIC in vitro and superior therapeutic effect in vivo against A. fumigatus compared to pure itraconazole. This confirms NGxPHA as a promising antifungal delivery system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.