Right heart failure with left ventricular assist devices: Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative management strategies. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Left ventricular assist device
Optimization of right ventricular function
Right heart failure
Journal
European journal of heart failure
ISSN: 1879-0844
Titre abrégé: Eur J Heart Fail
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100887595
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Jun 2024
10 Jun 2024
Historique:
revised:
11
05
2024
received:
21
12
2023
accepted:
20
05
2024
medline:
10
6
2024
pubmed:
10
6
2024
entrez:
10
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Right heart failure (RHF) following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a common and potentially serious condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations with an unfavourable effect on patient outcomes. Clinical scores that predict the occurrence of right ventricular (RV) failure have included multiple clinical, biochemical, imaging and haemodynamic parameters. However, unless the right ventricle is overtly dysfunctional with end-organ involvement, prediction of RHF post-LVAD implantation is, in most cases, difficult and inaccurate. For these reasons optimization of RV function in every patient is a reasonable practice aiming at preparing the right ventricle for a new and challenging haemodynamic environment after LVAD implantation. To this end, the institution of diuretics, inotropes and even temporary mechanical circulatory support may improve RV function, thereby preparing it for a better adaptation post-LVAD implantation. Furthermore, meticulous management of patients during the perioperative and immediate postoperative period should facilitate identification of RV failure refractory to medication. When RHF occurs late during chronic LVAD support, this is associated with worse long-term outcomes. Careful monitoring of RV function and characterization of the origination deficit should therefore continue throughout the patient's entire follow-up. Despite the useful information provided by the echocardiogram with respect to RV function, right heart catheterization frequently offers additional support for the assessment and optimization of RV function in LVAD-supported patients. In any patient candidate for LVAD therapy, evaluation and treatment of RV function and failure should be assessed in a multidimensional and multidisciplinary manner.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024 European Society of Cardiology.
Références
Kormos RL, Teuteberg JJ, Pagani FD, Russell SD, John R, Miller LW, et al. Right ventricular failure in patients with the HeartMate II continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device: Incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:1316–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.11.020
Dang NC, Topkara VK, Mercando M, Kay J, Kruger KH, Aboodi MS, et al. Right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2005.07.008
Lampert BC, Teuteberg JJ. Right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:1123–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.06.015
Rame JE, Pagani FD, Kiernan MS, Oliveira GH, Birati EY, Atluri P, et al. Evolution of late right heart failure with left ventricular assist devices and association with outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;78:2294–2308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.1362
Kirklin JK, Pagani FD, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Blume ED, Myers SL, et al. Eighth annual INTERMACS report: Special focus on framing the impact of adverse events. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017;36:1080–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2017.07.005
Houston BA, Brittain EL, Tedford RJ. Right ventricular failure. N Engl J Med 2023;388:1111–1125. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2207410
Houston BA, Shah KB, Mehra MR, Tedford RJ. A new ‘twist’ on right heart failure with left ventricular assist systems. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017;36:701–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2017.03.014
Klima UP, Lee MY, Guerrero JL, Laraia PJ, Levine RA, Vlahakes GJ. Determinants of maximal right ventricular function: Role of septal shift. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:72–80. https://doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2002.118683
Sparrow CT, LaRue SJ, Schilling JD. Intersection of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in patients on left ventricular assist device support: Is there a role for pulmonary vasodilators? Circ Heart Fail 2018;11:e004255. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004255
Morgan JA, Paone G, Nemeh HW, Murthy R, Williams CT, Lanfear DE, et al. Impact of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device support on right ventricular function. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;32:398–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2012.12.018
Mikus E, Stepanenko A, Krabatsch T, Loforte A, Dandel M, Lehmkuhl HB, et al. Reversibility of fixed pulmonary hypertension in left ventricular assist device support recipients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40:971–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.01.019
Houston BA, Kalathiya RJ, Hsu S, Loungani R, Davis ME, Coffin ST, et al. Right ventricular afterload sensitivity dramatically increases after left ventricular assist device implantation: A multi‐center hemodynamic analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35:868–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1225
Mehra MR, Goldstein DJ, Cleveland JC, Cowger JA, Hall S, Salerno CT, et al. Five‐year outcomes in patients with fully magnetically levitated vs axial‐flow left ventricular assist devices in the MOMENTUM 3 randomized trial. JAMA 2022;328:1233–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.16197
LaRue SJ, Raymer DS, Pierce BR, Nassif ME, Sparrow CT, Vader JM. Clinical outcomes associated with INTERMACS‐defined right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017;36:475–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2016.12.017
Raina A, Seetha Rammohan HR, Gertz ZM, Rame JE, Woo YJ, Kirkpatrick JN. Postoperative right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device placement is predicted by preoperative echocardiographic structural, hemodynamic, and functional parameters. J Card Fail 2013;19:16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.11.001
Mehra MR, Naka Y, Uriel N, Goldstein DJ, Cleveland JC, Colombo PC, et al.; MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. A fully magnetically levitated circulatory pump for advanced heart failure. N Engl J Med 2017;376:440–450. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1610426
Mehra MR, Goldstein DJ, Uriel N, Cleveland JC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Salerno C, et al.; MOMENTUM 3 Investigators. Two‐year outcomes with a magnetically levitated cardiac pump in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1386–1395. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800866
Kormos RL, Antonides CFJ, Goldstein DJ, Cowger JA, Starling RC, Kirklin JK, et al. Updated definitions of adverse events for trials and registries of mechanical circulatory support: A consensus statement of the Mechanical Circulatory Support Academic Research Consortium. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020;39:735–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.010
Boulet J, Nayak A, Mehra MR. Hemodynamic aberrancies in left ventricular assist device‐associated heart failure syndromes. J Card Fail 2022;28:1738–1740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.09.007
Potapov EV, Schoenrath F, Falk V. Clinical signs of right ventricular failure following implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:383–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1657
Ansari Ramandi MM, van Melle JP, Gorter TM, Hoendermis ES, van Veldhuisen DJ, Nauta JF, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with new‐onset heart failure: Longitudinal follow‐up during guideline‐directed medical therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2022;24:2226–2234. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2721
Feldman D, Pamboukian SV, Teuteberg JJ, Birks E, Lietz K, Moore SA, et al.; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. The 2013 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for mechanical circulatory support: Executive summary. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;2013:157–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2012.09.013
Potapov EV, Antonides C, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Combes A, Farber G, Hannan MM, et al. EACTS Expert Consensus on long‐term mechanical circulatory support. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;56:230–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz098
Stainback RF, Estep JD, Agler DA, Birks EJ, Bremer M, Hung J, et al. Echocardiography in the management of patients with left ventricular assist devices: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:853–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.008
Grant AD, Smedira NG, Starling RC, Marwick TH. Independent and incremental role of quantitative right ventricular evaluation for the prediction of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:521–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.073
Dandel M, Potapov E, Krabatsch T, Stepanenko A, Low A, Vierecke J, et al. Load dependency of right ventricular performance is a major factor to be considered in decision making before ventricular assist device implantation. Circulation 2013;128:S14–S23. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000335
Kato TS, Jiang J, Schulze PC, Jorde U, Uriel N, Kitada S, et al. Serial echocardiography using tissue Doppler and speckle tracking imaging to monitor right ventricular failure before and after left ventricular assist device surgery. JACC Heart Fail 2013;1:216–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.02.005
Kukucka M, Stepanenko A, Potapov E, Krabatsch T, Redlin M, Mladenow A, et al. Right‐to‐left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ratio and prediction of right ventricular failure with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2010.09.006
Potapov EV, Stepanenko A, Dandel M, Kukucka M, Lehmkuhl HB, Weng Y, et al. Tricuspid incompetence and geometry of the right ventricle as predictors of right ventricular function after implantation of a left ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008;27:1275–1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2008.08.012
Kiernan MS, French AL, DeNofrio D, Parmar YJ, Pham DT, Kapur NK, et al. Preoperative three‐dimensional echocardiography to assess risk of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device surgery. J Card Fail 2015;21:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.12.009
Otten A, Kurz S, Anwar S, Potapov E, Krall C, O'Brien B, et al. Prognostic value of 3‐dimensional echocardiographical heart volume assessment in patients scheduled for left ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;54:169–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezy002
Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini FM, Focardi M, Lunghetti S, Bernazzali S, et al. Speckle tracking echocardiography as a new technique to evaluate right ventricular function in patients with left ventricular assist device therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;32:424–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2012.12.010
John R, Naka Y, Park SJ, Sai‐Sudhakar C, Salerno C, Sundareswaran KS, et al. Impact of concurrent surgical valve procedures in patients receiving continuous‐flow devices. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:581–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.10.024
Kirklin JK, Pagani FD, Goldstein DJ, John R, Rogers JG, Atluri P, et al. American Association for Thoracic Surgery/International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines on selected topics in mechanical circulatory support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;159:865–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.12.021
Wang TS, Hernandez AF, Felker GM, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Patel CB. Valvular heart disease in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices. Circ Heart Fail 2014;7:215–222. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000473
Bellavia D, Iacovoni A, Scardulla C, Moja L, Pilato M, Kushwaha SS, et al. Prediction of right ventricular failure after ventricular assist device implant: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies. Eur J Heart Fail 2017;19:926–946. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.733
Drakos SG, Janicki L, Horne BD, Kfoury AG, Reid BB, Clayson S, et al. Risk factors predictive of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:1030–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.11.026
Kiernan MS, Grandin EW, Brinkley M Jr, Kapur NK, Pham DT, Ruthazer R, et al. Early right ventricular assist device use in patients undergoing continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device implantation: Incidence and risk factors from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support. Circ Heart Fail 2017;10:e003863. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003863
Fukamachi K, McCarthy PM, Smedira NG, Vargo RL, Starling RC, Young JB. Preoperative risk factors for right ventricular failure after implantable left ventricular assist device insertion. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:2181–2184. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003‐4975(99)00753‐5
Ochiai Y, McCarthy PM, Smedira NG, Banbury MK, Navia JL, Feng J, et al. Predictors of severe right ventricular failure after implantable left ventricular assist device insertion: Analysis of 245 patients. Circulation 2002;106:I198–I202. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000032906.33237.1c
Imamura T, Kinugawa K, Nitta D, Hatano M, Kinoshita O, Nawata K, et al. Prophylactic intra‐aortic balloon pump before ventricular assist device implantation reduces perioperative medical expenses and improves postoperative clinical course in INTERMACS profile 2 patients. Circ J 2015;79:1963–1969. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ‐15‐0122
Matthews JC, Koelling TM, Pagani FD, Aaronson KD. The right ventricular failure risk score a pre‐operative tool for assessing the risk of right ventricular failure in left ventricular assist device candidates. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:2163–2172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.009
Morine KJ, Kiernan MS, Pham DT, Paruchuri V, Denofrio D, Kapur NK. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index is associated with right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device surgery. J Card Fail 2016;22:110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.10.019
Nitta D, Kinugawa K, Imamura T, Amiya E, Hatano M, Kinoshita O, et al. A useful scoring system for predicting right ventricular assist device requirement among patients with a paracorporeal left ventricular assist device. Int Heart J 2018;59:983–990. https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.17‐487
Shiga T, Kinugawa K, Imamura T, Kato N, Endo M, Inaba T, et al. Combination evaluation of preoperative risk indices predicts requirement of biventricular assist device. Circ J 2012;76:2785–2791. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj‐12‐0231
Lim HS, Gustafsson F. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index: Physiological basis and clinical application. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:32–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1679
Gonzalez MH, Wang Q, Yaranov DM, Albert C, Wolski K, Wagener J, et al. Dynamic assessment of pulmonary artery pulsatility index provides incremental risk assessment for early right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device. J Card Fail 2021;27:777–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.02.012
Mehra MR, Nayak A, Morris AA, Lanfear DE, Nemeh H, Desai S, et al. Prediction of survival after implantation of a fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device. JACC Heart Fail 2022;10:948–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2022.08.002
Raymer DS, Moreno JD, Sintek MA, Nassif ME, Sparrow CT, Adamo L, et al. The combination of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and HeartMate risk score predicts right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. ASAIO J 2019;65:247–251. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000808
Fitzpatrick JR, Frederick JR, Hsu VM, Kozin ED, O'Hara ML, Howell E, et al. Risk score derived from pre‐operative data analysis predicts the need for biventricular mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008;27:1286–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2008.09.006
Tang PC, Haft JW, Romano MA, Bitar A, Hasan R, Palardy M, et al. Right ventricular failure following left ventricular assist device implantation is associated with a preoperative pro‐inflammatory response. J Cardiothorac Surg 2019;14:80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019‐019‐0895‐x
Frankfurter C, Molinero M, Vishram‐Nielsen JKK, Foroutan F, Mak S, Rao V, et al. Predicting the risk of right ventricular failure in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation: A systematic review. Circ Heart Fail 2020;13:e006994. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.006994
Atluri P, Goldstone AB, Fairman AS, MacArthur JW, Shudo Y, Cohen JE, et al. Predicting right ventricular failure in the modern, continuous flow left ventricular assist device era. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:857–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.099
Soliman OII, Akin S, Muslem R, Boersma E, Manintveld OC, Krabatsch T, et al. Derivation and validation of a novel right‐sided heart failure model after implantation of continuous flow left ventricular assist devices: The EUROMACS (European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support) right‐sided heart failure risk score. Circulation 2017;137:891–906. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030543
Taleb I, Kyriakopoulos CP, Fong R, Ijaz N, Demertzis Z, Sideris K, et al. Machine learning multicenter risk model to predict right ventricular failure after mechanical circulatory support: The STOP‐RVF score. JAMA Cardiol 2024;9:272–282. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5372
Havlenova T, Skaroupkova P, Miklovic M, Behounek M, Chmel M, Jarkovska D, et al. Right versus left ventricular remodeling in heart failure due to chronic volume overload. Sci Rep 2021;11:17136. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598‐021‐96618‐8
Yourshaw JP, Mishra P, Armstrong MC, Ramu B, Craig ML, Van Bakel AB, et al. Effects of percutaneous LVAD support on right ventricular load and adaptation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019;12:142–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265‐018‐9806‐0
Theiss HD, Grabmaier U, Kreissl N, Hagl C, Steinbeck G, Sodian R, et al. Preconditioning with levosimendan before implantation of left ventricular assist devices. Artif Organs 2014;38:231–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.12150
Abdelshafy M, Caliskan K, Simpkin AJ, Elkoumy A, Kimman EJR, Elsherbini H, et al. Efficacy of levosimendan infusion in patients undergoing a left ventricular assist device implant in a propensity score matched analysis of the EUROMACS registry – the Euro LEVO‐LVAD study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023;63:ezad905. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezad095
Kocabeyoglu SS, Kervan U, Sert DE, Karahan M, Aygun E, Beyazal OF, et al. Optimization with levosimendan improves outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020;57:176–182. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz159
Sponga S, Ivanitskaia E, Potapov E, Krabatsch T, Hetzer R, Lehmkuhl H. Preoperative treatment with levosimendan in candidates for mechanical circulatory support. ASAIO J 2012;58:6–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0b013e318239f401
Gulati G, Grandin EW, Kennedy K, Cabezas F, DeNofrio DD, Kociol R, et al. Preimplant phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor use is associated with higher rates of severe early right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. Circ Heart Fail 2019;12:e005537. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005537
Baldetti L, Pagnesi M, Gramegna M, Belletti A, Beneduce A, Pazzanese V, et al. Intra‐aortic balloon pumping in acute decompensated heart failure with hypoperfusion: From pathophysiology to clinical practice. Circ Heart Fail 2021;14:e008527. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.008527
Sintek MA, Gdowski M, Lindman BR, Nassif M, Lavine KJ, Novak E, et al. Intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation in patients with chronic heart failure and cardiogenic shock: Clinical response and predictors of stabilization. J Card Fail 2015;21:868–876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.06.383
Ntalianis A, Kapelios CJ, Kanakakis J, Repasos E, Pantsios C, Nana E, et al. Prolonged intra‐aortic balloon pump support in biventricular heart failure induces right ventricular reverse remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2015;192:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.014
Tanaka A, Tuladhar SM, Onsager D, Asfaw Z, Ota T, Juricek C, et al. The subclavian intraaortic balloon pump: A compelling bridge device for advanced heart failure. Ann Thorac Surg 2015;100:2151–2158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.05.087
Estep JD, Cordero‐Reyes AM, Bhimaraj A, Trachtenberg B, Khalil N, Loebe M, et al. Percutaneous placement of an intra‐aortic balloon pump in the left axillary/subclavian position provides safe, ambulatory long‐term support as bridge to heart transplantation. JACC Heart Fail 2013;1:382–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.06.002
Gjesdal O, Gude E, Arora S, Leivestad T, Andreassen AK, Gullestad L, et al. Intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation as a bridge to heart transplantation does not impair long‐term survival. Eur J Heart Fail 2009;11:709–714. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfp078
DeVore AD, Hammill BG, Patel CB, Patel MR, Rogers JG, Milano CA, et al. Intra‐aortic balloon pump use before left ventricular assist device implantation: Insights from the INTERMACS registry. ASAIO J 2018;64:218–224. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000629
Bonios MJ, Armenis I, Kogerakis N, Thodou A, Fragoulis S, Georgiadou P, et al. Prospective phenotyping of right ventricle function following intra‐aortic balloon pump counterpulsation in left ventricular assist device candidates: Outcomes and predictors of response. ASAIO J 2023;69:e215–e222. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000001927
Shore S, Hanff TC, Mazurek JA, Seigerman M, Zhang R, Grandin EW, et al. The effect of transfusion of blood products on ventricular assist device support outcomes. ESC Heart Fail 2020;7:3573–3581. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12780
Potapov E, Meyer D, Swaminathan M, Ramsay M, El Banayosy A, Diehl C, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide after left ventricular assist device implantation: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, multicenter, placebo‐controlled trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:870–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2011.03.005
Jakstaite AM, Luedike P, Schmack B, Pizanis N, Riebisch M, Weymann A, et al. Increased bleeding risk with phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors after left ventricular assist device implantation. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:2419–2427. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13322
Slaughter MS, Pagani FD, Rogers JG, Miller LW, Sun B, Russell SD, et al. Clinical management of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices in advanced heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:S1–S39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2010.01.011
John R, Long JW, Massey HT, Griffith BP, Sun BC, Tector AJ, et al. Outcomes of a multicenter trial of the Levitronix CentriMag ventricular assist system for short‐term circulatory support. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:932–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.03.046
Salna M, Garan AR, Kirtane AJ, Karmpaliotis D, Green P, Takayama H, et al. Novel percutaneous dual‐lumen cannula‐based right ventricular assist device provides effective support for refractory right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020;30:499–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz322
Riebandt J, Haberl T, Wiedemann D, Moayedifar R, Schloeglhofer T, Mahr S, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:590–595. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezx349
Anderson MB, Goldstein J, Milano C, Morris LD, Kormos RL, Bhama J, et al. Benefits of a novel percutaneous ventricular assist device for right heart failure: The prospective RECOVER RIGHT study of the Impella RP device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:1549–1560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.018
Takeda K, Naka Y, Yang JA, Uriel N, Colombo PC, Jorde UP, et al. Outcome of unplanned right ventricular assist device support for severe right heart failure after implantable left ventricular assist device insertion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014;33:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2013.06.025
Lazar JF, Swartz MF, Schiralli MP, Schneider M, Pisula B, Hallinan W, et al. Survival after left ventricular assist device with and without temporary right ventricular support. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:2155–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.07.008
Ahmed MM, Jacobs JP, Meece LE, Jeng EI, Bleiweis MS, Cantor RS, et al. Timing and outcomes of concurrent and sequential biventricular assist device implantation: A Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2023;116:383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.02.058
Coromilas EJ, Takeda K, Ando M, Cevasco M, Green P, Karmpaliotis D, et al. Comparison of percutaneous and surgical right ventricular assist device support after durable left ventricular assist device insertion. J Card Fail 2018;25:105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.12.005
Grant C Jr, Richards JB, Frakes M, Cohen J, Wilcox S. ECMO and right ventricular failure: Review of the literature. J Intensive Care Med 2021;36:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066619900503
Lo Coco V, De Piero ME, Massimi G, Chiarini G, Raffa GM, Kowalewski M, et al. Right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation: A review of the literature. J Thorac Dis 2021;13:1256–1269. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd‐20‐2228
Ben Gal T, Ben Avraham B, Milicic D, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Coats AJS, Rosano G, et al. Guidance on the management of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider: Executive summary. Eur J Heart Fail 2021;23:1597–1609. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2327
Milicic D, Ben Avraham B, Chioncel O, Barac YD, Goncalvesova E, Grupper A, et al. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Position paper on the management of left ventricular assist device‐supported patients for the non‐left ventricular assist device specialist healthcare provider: Part 2: At the emergency department. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:4409–4424. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13587
Ben Avraham B, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Filippatos G, Gotsman I, Seferovic P, Hasin T, et al. HFA of the ESC Position paper on the management of LVAD supported patients for the non LVAD specialist healthcare provider: Part 1: Introduction and at the non‐hospital settings in the community. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:4394–4408. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13588
Gustafsson F, Ben Avraham B, Chioncel O, Hasin T, Grupper A, Shaul A, et al. HFA of the ESC Position paper on the management of LVAD‐supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider: Part 3: At the hospital and discharge. ESC Heart Fail 2021;8:4425–4443. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13590
Kapelios CJ, Charitos C, Kaldara E, Malliaras K, Nana E, Pantsios C, et al. Late‐onset right ventricular dysfunction after mechanical support by a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:1604–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.05.024
Montalto A, Amarelli C, Piazza V, Hopkins K, Comisso M, Pantanella R, et al. A new hemodynamic index to predict late right failure in patients implanted with last generation centrifugal pump. J Card Surg 2021;36:2355–2364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.15564
Alkhunaizi FA, Azih NI, Read JM, Goldberg RL, Gulati AA, Scheel PJ, et al. Characteristics and predictors of late right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation. ASAIO J 2023;69:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000001804
Ruiz‐Cano MJ, Ramazyan L, Schramm R, Lauenroth V, Paluszkiewicz L, Rojas S, et al. Clinical implications of late‐onset right ventricular failure after implantation of a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device as bridge to transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021;60:177–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezab114
Saeed D, Kidambi T, Shalli S, Lapin B, Malaisrie SC, Lee R, et al. Tricuspid valve repair with left ventricular assist device implantation: Is it warranted? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:530–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2010.12.002
Takeda K, Takayama H, Colombo PC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Fukuhara S, Han J, et al. Incidence and clinical significance of late right heart failure during continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015;34:1024–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.03.011
Felix SEA, Numan L, Oerlemans MIF, Aarts E, Ramjankhan FZ, Gianoli M, et al. Incidence and risk factors of late right heart failure in chronic mechanical circulatory support. Artif Organs 2023;47:1192–1201. https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.14537
Vidula H, Takeda K, Estep JD, Silvestry SC, Milano C, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. Hospitalization patterns and impact of a magnetically‐levitated left ventricular assist device in the MOMENTUM 3 trial. JACC Heart Fail 2022;10:470–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2022.03.007
Catino AB, Ferrin P, Wever‐Pinzon J, Horne BD, Wever‐Pinzon O, Kfoury AG, et al. Clinical and histopathological effects of heart failure drug therapy in advanced heart failure patients on chronic mechanical circulatory support. Eur J Heart Fail 2018;20:164–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1018
McCullough M, Caraballo C, Ravindra NG, Miller PE, Mezzacappa C, Levin A, et al. Neurohormonal blockade and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure supported by left ventricular assist devices. JAMA Cardiol 2020;5:175–182. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4965
Uriel N, Burkhoff D, Kim G, Silverstein T, Juricek C, Kaye DM, et al. Oral milrinone for the treatment of chronic severe right ventricular failure in left ventricular assist device patients. Circ Heart Fail 2021;14:e007286. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007286
Xanthopoulos A, Wolski K, Wang Q, Blackstone EH, Randhawa VK, Soltesz EG, et al. Postimplant phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor use in centrifugal flow left ventricular assist devices. JACC Heart Fail 2022;10:89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2021.09.008
Frantz RP, Desai S, Ewald G, Franco V, Hage A, Horn EM, et al. Firs results of Soprano: Macitentan in patients (pts) with pulmonary hypertension (PH) post‐left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021;40:S12–S13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1767
Khazanie P, Hammill BG, Patel CB, Kiernan MS, Cooper LB, Arnold SV, et al. Use of heart failure medical therapies among patients with left ventricular assist devices: Insights from INTERMACS. J Card Fail 2016;22:672–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.02.004
Jung MH, Gustafsson F, Houston B, Russell SD. Ramp study hemodynamics, functional capacity, and outcome in heart failure patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices. ASAIO J 2016;62:442–446. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000387
Veenis JF, Manintveld OC, Constantinescu AA, Caliskan K, Birim O, Bekkers JA, et al. Design and rationale of haemodynamic guidance with CardioMEMS in patients with a left ventricular assist device: The HEMO‐VAD pilot study. ESC Heart Fail 2019;6:194–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12392