Journey through the spectacular landscape of melanocortin 1 receptor.
DNA repair
eumelanin synthesis
human MC1R
oxidative stress
photoprotection
α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone
Journal
Pigment cell & melanoma research
ISSN: 1755-148X
Titre abrégé: Pigment Cell Melanoma Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101318927
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Jun 2024
10 Jun 2024
Historique:
revised:
13
05
2024
received:
29
01
2024
accepted:
29
05
2024
medline:
10
6
2024
pubmed:
10
6
2024
entrez:
10
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The physiological role of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone in regulating integumental pigmentation of many vertebrate species has been recognized since the 1960's. However, its physiological significance for human pigmentation remained enigmatic until the 1990's. α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone and related melanocortins are synthesized locally in the skin, primarily by keratinocytes, in addition to the pituitary gland, and therefore act as paracrine factors for melanocytes. Human melanocytes express the melanocortin 1 receptor, which recognizes α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and the related adrenocorticotropic hormone as agonists. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pleotropic effects of the activated melanocortin 1 receptor that maintain human melanocyte homeostasis by regulating melanogenesis and the response to environmental stressors, mainly solar radiation. Certain allelic variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene are associated with specific pigmentary phenotypes in various human populations. Variants associated with red hair phenotype compromise the function of the encoded receptor. Activation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor regulates eumelanin synthesis and enhances DNA damage response of melanocytes to solar radiation and oxidative stressors. We describe how synthetic selective melanocortin 1 receptor agonists can be efficacious as sunless tanning agents, for treatment of vitiligo and photosensitivity disorders, and for prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Melanoma Know More
Organisme : U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Organisme : NIEHS p30 ES006096
Organisme : University of Cincinnati Cancer Center
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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