The Pathophysiology, Prognosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Females from Pregnancy to Post-menopause: A Review.
Blood Pressure
Female
Gestational
Hypertension
Menopause
Pregnancy
Journal
Current heart failure reports
ISSN: 1546-9549
Titre abrégé: Curr Heart Fail Rep
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101196487
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Jun 2024
11 Jun 2024
Historique:
accepted:
06
06
2024
medline:
11
6
2024
pubmed:
11
6
2024
entrez:
11
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
We summarise the physiological changes and risk factors for hypertension in females, potential sex-specific management approaches, and long-term prognosis. Pregnancy and menopause are two key phases of the life cycle where females undergo significant biological and physical changes, making them more prone to developing hypertension. Gestational hypertension occurs from changes in maternal cardiac output, kidney function, metabolism, or placental vasculature, with one in ten experiencing pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction and delivery complications such as premature birth. Post-menopausal hypertension occurs as the protective effects of oestrogen are reduced and the sympathetic nervous system becomes over-activated with ageing. Increasing evidence suggests that post-menopausal females with high blood pressure (BP) experience greater risk of cardiovascular events at lower BP thresholds, and greater vulnerability to treatment-related adverse effects. Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in females. Current BP treatment guidelines and recommendations are similar for both sexes, without addressing sex-specific factors. Future investigations into ideal diagnostic thresholds, BP control targets and treatment regimens in females are needed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38861130
doi: 10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y
pii: 10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. Crown.
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