A review on camelid nanobodies with potential application in veterinary medicine.
Antibodies
Heavy-chain only
Low-cost
Recombinant
Single variable domains
Versatile
Journal
Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
Titre abrégé: Vet Res Commun
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 8100520
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
13 Jun 2024
13 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
25
10
2023
accepted:
07
06
2024
medline:
13
6
2024
pubmed:
13
6
2024
entrez:
13
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The single variable domains of camelid heavy-chain only antibodies, known as nanobodies, have taken a long journey since their discovery in 1989 until the first nanobody-based drug's entrance to the market in 2022. On account of their unique properties, nanobodies have been successfully used for diagnosis and therapy against various diseases or conditions. Although research on the application of recombinant antibodies has focused on human medicine, the development of nanobodies has paved the way for incorporating recombinant antibody production in favour of veterinary medicine. Currently, despite many efforts in developing these biomolecules with diversified applications, significant opportunities exist for exploiting these highly versatile and cost-effective antibodies in veterinary medicine. The present study attempts to identify existing gaps and shed light on paths for future research by presenting an updated review on camelid nanobodies with potential applications in veterinary medicine.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38869749
doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10432-x
pii: 10.1007/s11259-024-10432-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Références
Abbady AQ, Al-Mariri A, Zarkawi M, Al-Assad A, Muyldermans S (2011) Evaluation of a nanobody phage display library constructed from a Brucella-immunised camel. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 142(1–2):49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.04.004
doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.04.004
pubmed: 21592585
Abeijon C, Dilo J, Tremblay JM, Viana AG, Bueno LL, Carvalho SF, Fujiwara RT, Shoemaker CB, Campos-Neto A (2018) Use of VHH antibodies for the development of antigen detection test for visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 40(11):e12584. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12584
doi: 10.1111/pim.12584
pubmed: 30120856
pmcid: 6220836
Arbabi-Ghahroudi M (2022) Camelid single-domain antibodies: promises and challenges as lifesaving treatments. Int J Mol Sci 23(9):5009. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095009
doi: 10.3390/ijms23095009
pubmed: 35563400
pmcid: 9100996
Arce LP, Pavan MF, Bok M, Gutiérrez SE, Estein SM, Santos AT, Condorí WE, Uhart MM, Parreño V, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Ibañez LI (2023) A multispecies competitive nanobody-based ELISA for the detection of antibodies against hepatitis E virus. Sci Rep 13(1):15448. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41955-z
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41955-z
pubmed: 37723180
pmcid: 10507121
Ardekani LS, Gargari SLM, Rasooli I, Bazl MR, Mohammadi M, Ebrahimizadeh W, Bakherad H, Zare H (2013) A novel nanobody against urease activity of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Infect Dis 17(9):e723–e728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.015
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.015
pubmed: 23561799
Aria H, Mahmoodi F, Ghaheh HS, Zare H, Heiat M, Bakherad H (2022) Outlook of therapeutic and diagnostic competency of nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. Anal Biochem 640:114546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114546
doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114546
pubmed: 34995616
pmcid: 8730734
Badagian N, Pírez Schirmer M, Pérez Parada A, Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Brena BM (2023) Determination of microcystins in fish tissue by ELISA and MALDI-TOF MS using a highly specific single domain antibody. Toxins 15(2):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020084
doi: 10.3390/toxins15020084
pubmed: 36828400
pmcid: 9966346
Bai M, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Wei J, Liao X, Wang J, Anfossi L, Wang Y (2023) Nanobody-based immunomagnetic separation platform for rapid isolation and detection of Salmonella enteritidis in food samples. Food Chem 424:136416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136416
doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136416
pubmed: 37247600
Bao F, Wang L, Zhao X, Lu T, Na AM, Wang X, Cao J, Du Y (2019) Preparation and characterization of a single-domain antibody specific for the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. AMB Express 9:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-019-0834-1
doi: 10.1186/s13568-019-0834-1
Bao G, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhu X (2021) Nanobody: a promising toolkit for molecular imaging and disease therapy. EJNMMI Res 11(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13550-021-00750-5
doi: 10.1186/s13550-021-00750-5
Barreto T, Alfonso Y, Lafaye P, MDP GL, Perez A, Herrera-Velit P, Espinoza JR (2018) Single-chain antibodies from alpaca for the detection of Fasciola hepatica antigens. Revista Peruana De Med Experimental Y Salud Publica 35(4):573–580. https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2018.354.3101
doi: 10.17843/rpmesp.2018.354.3101
Bashir S, Paeshuyse J (2020) Construction of antibody phage libraries and their application in veterinary immunovirology. Antibodies 9(2):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib9020021
doi: 10.3390/antib9020021
pubmed: 32503103
pmcid: 7345743
Beltrán Hernández I, Grinwis GC, Di Maggio A, Van Bergen En Henegouwen PM, Hennink WE, Teske E, Oliveira S (2021) Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of feline oral carcinoma: a step towards translation to the veterinary clinic. Nanophotonics 10(12):3075–3087. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0195
doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0195
pubmed: 36405501
pmcid: 9646246
Brooks C, Huh I, Toride M, Shenai A (2017) Nanobody mediated neutralization of Listeria monocytogenes. FASEB J 31:912.11. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.912.11
doi: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.912.11
Bustamante-Córdova L, Melgoza-González EA, Hernández J (2018) Recombinant antibodies in veterinary medicine: an update. Front Veterinary Sci 5:175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00175
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00175
Cai C, Zhang Q, Nidiaye S, Yan H, Zhang W, Tang X, Li P (2021) Development of a specific anti-idiotypic nanobody for monitoring aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Microchem J 167:106326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106326
doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106326
Cao Z, Yin D, Zhang L, Ma S, Zhang K, Yang R, Shan H, Qin Z (2023) A Novel blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a biotinylated nanobody for the Rapid and Sensitive Clinical detection of classical swine fever virus antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 11(1):e02996-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02996-22
doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02996-22
pubmed: 36688674
pmcid: 9927282
Chaudhuri D, Majumder S, Datta J, Giri K (2023) Designing of nanobodies against dengue virus capsid: a computational affinity maturation approach. J Biomol Struct Dynamics 41(6):2289–2299. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2022.2029773
doi: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029773
Chen X, Kang S, Ikbal MA, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Zuo J, Gu L, Wang C (2022a) Synthetic nanobody-functionalized nanoparticles for accelerated development of rapid, accessible detection of viral antigens. Biosens Bioelectron 202:113971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.113971
doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113971
pubmed: 35051851
pmcid: 8734080
Chen Y, Qu G, Quan H, Wang Y, Wang C, Haque MA, He C (2022b) A novel cost-effective nanobody against fumonisin B1 contaminations: efficacy test in dairy milk and chickens. Toxins 14(12):821. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120821
doi: 10.3390/toxins14120821
pubmed: 36548718
pmcid: 9788183
Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Li J, Gao X, Nan Y, Zhao Q, Zhou EM, Liu B (2022c) Identification of two novel neutralizing nanobodies against swine hepatitis E virus. Front Microbiol 13:1048180. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048180
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048180
pubmed: 36504801
pmcid: 9727072
Chen T, Liu B, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Dang X, Zhao Q, Zhou EM (2023a) Development of a novel competitive ELISA based on nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion protein for rapid detection of antibodies against avian hepatitis E virus. Poult Sci 102(1):102326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102326
doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102326
pubmed: 36442305
Chen Y, Zhang M, Chen T, Wang J, Zhao Q, Zhou EM, Liu B (2023b) Development and application of a nanobody-based competitive ELISA for detecting antibodies against hepatitis E virus from humans and domestic animals. Microbiol Spectr 11:e03607-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03607-22 .
Dash L, Subramaniam S, Khulape SA, Prusty BR, Pargai K, Narnaware SD, Patil NV, Pattnaik B (2019) Development and utilization of vhh antibodies derived from camelus dromedarius against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Animal Biotechnol 30(1):57–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2018.1433191
doi: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1433191
Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti M, Alvez-Rosado R, Leizagoyen C, González-Sapienza G (2020) Highly sensitive detection of Zika virus nonstructural protein 1 in serum samples by a two-site nanobody ELISA. Biomolecules 10(12):1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121652
doi: 10.3390/biom10121652
pubmed: 33317184
pmcid: 7763430
Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti MA, Mattiuzzo G, Echaides C, González-Sapienza G (2023) Nanobody-based blocking of binding ELISA for the detection of Anti-NS1 zika-virus-specific antibodies in convalescent patients. Trop Med Infect Disease 8(1):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010055
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010055
Deng Q, Guo Z, Hu H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liao C, Guo C, Li X, Chen Z, Lu J (2022) Inhibition of Chikungunya virus early replication by intracellular nanoantibodies targeting nsP2 epitope rich region. Antiviral Res 208:105446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105446
doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105446
pubmed: 36270543
Dhehibi A, Allaoui A, Raouafi A, Terrak M, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Hammadi M, Raouafi N, Salhi I (2023) Nanobody-based sandwich immunoassay for pathogenic Escherichia coli F17 strain detection. Biosensors 13(2):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020299
doi: 10.3390/bios13020299
pubmed: 36832065
pmcid: 9953962
Dietrich MH, Gabriela M, Reaksudsan K, Dixon MW, Chan LJ, Adair A, Trickey S, O’Neill MT, Tan LL, Lopaticki S, Healer J, Keremane S, Cowman AF, Tham WH (2022) Nanobodies against Pfs230 block Plasmodium Falciparum transmission. Biochem J 479(24):2529–2546. https://doi.org/10.1042/bcj20220554
doi: 10.1042/bcj20220554
pubmed: 36520108
Dormeshkin D, Shapira M, Karputs A, Kavaleuski A, Kuzminski I, Stepanova E, Gilep A (2022) Combining of synthetic VHH and immune scFv libraries for pregnancy-associated glycoproteins ELISA development. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(13–16):5093–5103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12022-w
doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-12022-w
pubmed: 35723693
Duan H, Ma Z, Xu L, Zhang A, Li Z, Xiao S (2020) A novel intracellularly expressed NS5B-specific nanobody suppresses bovine viral diarrhea virus replication. Vet Microbiol 240:108449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108449
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108449
pubmed: 31836380
Duan H, Chen X, Zhao J, Zhu J, Zhang G, Fan M, Zhang B, Wang X, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhou EM, Zhao Q (2021) Development of a nanobody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for efficiently and specifically detecting antibodies against genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. J Clin Microbiol 59(12):e01580-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01580-21
doi: 10.1128/jcm.01580-21
pubmed: 34524888
pmcid: 8601240
Ebrahimizadeh W, Mousavi Gargari S, Rajabibazl M, Safaee Ardekani L, Zare H, Bakherad H (2013) Isolation and characterization of protective anti-LPS nanobody against V. cholerae O1 recognizing Inaba and Ogawa serotypes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:4457–4466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4518-x
doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4518-x
pubmed: 23135228
Esmagambetov IB, Shcheblyakov DV, Egorova DA, Voronina OL, Derkaev AA, Voronina DV, Popova O, Ryabova EI, Shcherbinin DN, Aksenova EI, Semenov AN, Kunda MS, Ryzhova NN, Zubkova OV, Tukhvatulin AI, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Borisevich SV, Gintsburg AL (2021) Nanobodies are potential therapeutic agents for the Ebola Virus infection. Acta Naturae 13(4):53–63. https://doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11487
doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11487
pubmed: 35127147
pmcid: 8807537
Fan W, Ji P, Sun X, Kong M, Zhou N, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li X, Zhou EM, Zhao Q, Sun Y (2022) Screening and identification of nucleocapsid protein-nanobodies that inhibited Newcastle disease virus replication in DF-1 cells. Front Microbiol 13:956561. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.956561
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956561
pubmed: 36051768
pmcid: 9426676
Fatima A, Wang H, Kang K, Xia L, Wang Y, Ye W, Wang J, Wang X (2014) Development of VHH antibodies against dengue virus type 2 NS1 and comparison with monoclonal antibodies for use in immunological diagnosis. PloS one 9(4):e95263. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095263
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095263
pubmed: 24751715
pmcid: 3994031
Fiil BK, Thrane SW, Pichler M, Kittilä T, Ledsgaard L, Ahmadi S, Hermansen GMM, Jelsbak L, Lauridsen C, Brix S, Laustsen AH (2022) Orally active bivalent VHH construct prevents proliferation of F4 + enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned piglets. Iscience 25(4):104003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104003
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104003
pubmed: 35310945
pmcid: 8931358
Fu X, Gao X, He S, Huang D, Zhang P, Wang X, Zhang S, Dang R, Yin S, Du E, Yang Z (2013) Design and selection of a camelid single-chain antibody yeast two-hybrid library produced de novo for the cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PLoS ONE 8(3):e56222. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056222
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056222
pubmed: 23469171
pmcid: 3585807
Gangaiah D, Ryan V, Van Hoesel D, Mane SP, Mckinley ET, Lakshmanan N, Reddy ND, Dolk E, Kumar A (2022) Recombinant Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) delivering nanobodies against Clostridium perfringens NetB and alpha toxin confers potential protection from necrotic enteritis. MicrobiologyOpen 11(2):e1270. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1270
doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1270
pubmed: 35478283
pmcid: 8924699
Gao X, Hu X, Tong L, Liu D, Chang X, Wang H, Dang R, Wang X, Xiao S, Du E, Yang Z (2016) Construction of a camelid VHH yeast two-hybrid library and the selection of VHH against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the Newcastle disease virus. BMC Vet Res 12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0664-1
doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0664-1
Gelkop S, Sobarzo A, Brangel P, Vincke C, Romão E, Fedida-Metula S, Strom N, Ataliba I, Mwiine FN, Ochwo S, Velazquez-Salinas L, McKendry RA, Muyldermans S, Lutwama JJ, Rieder E, Yavelsky V, Lobel L (2018) The development and validation of a novel nanobody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of foot and mouth disease 3ABC antibodies in cattle. Front Veterinary Sci 5:250. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00250
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00250
Gifre L, Arís A, Bach À, Garcia-Fruitós E (2017) Trends in recombinant protein use in animal production. Microb Cell Fact 16:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-017-0654-4
doi: 10.1186/s12934-017-0654-4
Grab DJ, Sharma A, Burbulis I, Lehrer AT, Nerurkar V, Magez S (2020) Nanobody LAMPoles: novel tools for dengue virus and Zika virus diagnosis. J Immunol 204(1_Supplement):82–24. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.82.24
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.82.24
Gu K, Song Z, Ma P, Liao Z, Yang M, Zhou C, Li C, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang X, Lei C, Wang H (2022a) A novel nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion based-competitive ELISA to rapidly detect Avian Corona-Virus-infectious bronchitis virus antibody in Chicken serum. Int J Mol Sci 23(14):7589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147589
doi: 10.3390/ijms23147589
pubmed: 35886935
pmcid: 9321063
Gu K, Song Z, Zhou C, Ma P, Li C, Lu Q, Liao Z, Huang Z, Tang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Yan W, Lei C, Wang H (2022b) Development of nanobody-horseradish peroxidase-based sandwich ELISA to detect Salmonella Enteritidis in milk and in vivo colonization in chicken. J Nanobiotechnol 20(1):167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-022-01376-y
doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01376-y
Gu K, Ma P, Song Z, Yang M, Yang X, Li C, Zhou C, Ju Z, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang X, Lei C, Wang H (2023) Ferritin-displayed antigen nanoparticles and nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusions based-competitive ELISA for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against African swine fever virus. Talanta 253:124007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124007
doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124007
Guerrero MA, Carossino M, Go YY, Vincke C, Balasuriya UBR, Muyldermans S, Wigdorovitz A, Barrandeguy M, Parreño V (2016) Development of recombinant VHH nanobodies as an alternative for clearance of equine arteritis virus in carrier stallions. J Equine Veterinary Sci 39:S57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.123
doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.123
Harmsen MM, Van Solt CB, Hoogendoorn A, Van Zijderveld FG, Niewold TA, Van der Meulen J (2005) Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae specific llama single-domain antibody fragments effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion in vitro but poorly protect against diarrhoea. Vet Microbiol 111(1–2):89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.09.005
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.09.005
pubmed: 16221532
Harmsen MM, Van Solt CB, Van Zijderveld-Van Bemmel AM, Niewold TA, Van Zijderveld FG (2006) Selection and optimization of proteolytically stable llama single-domain antibody fragments for oral immunotherapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72:544–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0300-7
doi: 10.1007/s00253-005-0300-7
pubmed: 16450109
Harmsen MM, Van Solt CB, Fijten HPD, Van Keulen L, Rosalia RA, Weerdmeester K, Cornelissen AHM, De Bruin MGM, Eblé PL, Dekker A (2007) Passive immunization of guinea pigs with llama single-domain antibody fragments against foot-and-mouth disease. Vet Microbiol 120(3–4):193–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.10.029
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.10.029
pubmed: 17127019
Harmsen MM, Fijten HPD, Dekker A, Eblé PL (2008) Passive immunization of pigs with bispecific llama single-domain antibody fragments against foot-and-mouth disease and porcine immunoglobulin. Vet Microbiol 132(1–2):56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.030
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.030
pubmed: 18534789
He J, Chen X, Shi S, Tang F, Huo N, Gu S (2021) Multivalent nanobody as capture antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine. Anal Biochem 632:114390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2021.114390
doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114390
pubmed: 34560055
Helma J, Schmidthals K, Lux V, Nüske S, Scholz AM, Kräusslich HG, Rothbauer U, Leonhardt H (2012) Direct and dynamic detection of HIV-1 in living cells. PLoS ONE 7(11):e50026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050026
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050026
pubmed: 23209635
pmcid: 3509150
Hruškovicová J, Bhide K, Petroušková P, Tkáčová Z, Mochnáčová E, Čurlík J, Bhide M, Kulkarni A (2022) Engineering the single domain antibodies targeting receptor binding motifs within the Domain III of West Nile Virus Envelope Glycoprotein. Front Microbiol 13:801466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.801466
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801466
pubmed: 35432292
pmcid: 9012491
Hu Y, Sun Y, Gu J, Yang F, Wu S, Zhang C, Ji X, Lv H, Muyldermans S, Wang S (2021) Selection of specific nanobodies to develop an immuno-assay detecting Staphylococcus aureus in milk. Food Chem 353:129481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129481
doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129481
pubmed: 33725546
Huang AG, He WH, Su LJ, Zhang FL, Wang YH (2022) Identification of a camelid-derived nanobody as a potential therapeutic agent against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Aquaculture 561:738725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738725
doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738725
Huen J, Yan Z, Iwashkiw J, Dubey S, Gimenez MC, Ortiz ME, Patel SV, Jones MD, Riazi A, Terebiznik M, Babaei S, Shahinas D (2019) A novel single domain antibody targeting FliC flagellin of salmonella enterica for effective inhibition of host cell invasion. Front Microbiol 10:2665. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02665
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02665
pubmed: 31849856
pmcid: 6901939
Hussack G, Rossotti MA, van Faassen H, Murase T, Eugenio L, Schrag JD, Ng KKS, Tanha J (2023) Structure-guided design of a potent Clostridiodes difficile toxin a inhibitor. Front Microbiol 14:1110541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1110541
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1110541
pubmed: 36778856
pmcid: 9909335
Ji P, Zhu J, Li X, Fan W, Liu Q, Wang K, Zhao J, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhou EM, Zhao Q (2020) Fenobody and RANbody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Newcastle disease virus. J Nanobiotechnol 18:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00598-2
doi: 10.1186/s12951-020-00598-2
Ji P, Wang K, Zhang L, Yan Z, Kong M, Sun X, Zhang Q, Zhou N, Liu B, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhao Q (2022) A new nanobody-enzyme fusion protein–linked immunoassay for detecting antibodies against influenza a virus in different species. J Biol Chem 298(12):102709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102709
doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102709
pubmed: 36402446
pmcid: 9763686
Jin BK, Odongo S, Radwanska M, Magez S (2023) Nanobodies: a review of generation, diagnostics and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 24(6):5994. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065994
doi: 10.3390/ijms24065994
pubmed: 36983063
pmcid: 10057852
Khodabakhsh F, Behdani M, Rami A, Kazemi-Lomedasht F (2018) Single-domain antibodies or nanobodies: a class of next-generation antibodies. Int Rev Immunol 37(6):316–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2018.1526932
doi: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1526932
pubmed: 30741045
Kinimi E, Muyldermans S, Vincke C, Odongo S, Kock R, Parida S, Mahapatra M, Misinzo G (2021) Development of nanobodies targeting peste des petits ruminants virus: the prospect in disease diagnosis and therapy. Animals 11(8):2206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082206
doi: 10.3390/ani11082206
pubmed: 34438664
pmcid: 8388416
Kordus SL, Kroh HK, Rodríguez RC, Shrem RA, Wadzinski BE, Lacy DB, Spiller BW (2023) Nanobodies against C. difficile TcdA and TcdB reveal unexpected neutralizing epitopes and provide a toolkit for toxin quantitation in vivo. bioRxiv: 2023.06.21.545857. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.21.545857
Lafaye P, Li T (2018) Use of camel single-domain antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic diseases. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 60:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.009
doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.009
pubmed: 30396425
pmcid: 7112682
Li T, Huang M, Xiao H, Zhang G, Ding J, Wu P, Zhang H, Sheng J, Chen C (2017) Selection and characterization of specific nanobody against bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) E2 protein. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0178469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178469
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178469
pubmed: 28582444
pmcid: 5459339
Li Q, Zhang F, Lu Y, Hu H, Wang J, Guo C, Deng Q, Liao C, Wu Q, Hu T, Chen Z, Lu J (2022) Highly potent multivalent VHH antibodies against Chikungunya isolated from an alpaca naïve phage display library. J Nanobiotechnol 20(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-022-01417-6
doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01417-6
Liu H, Wang Y, Duan H, Zhang A, Liang C, Gao J, Zhang C, Huang B, Li Q, Li N, Xiao S, Zhou EM (2015) An intracellularly expressed Nsp9-specific nanobody in MARC-145 cells inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. Vet Microbiol 181(3–4):252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.021
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.021
pubmed: 26525739
Liu H, Liang C, Duan H, Zhang X, Wang X, Xiao S, Zhou EM (2016) Intracellularly expressed nanobodies against non-structural protein 4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibit virus replication. Biotechnol Lett 38:1081–1088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2086-3
doi: 10.1007/s10529-016-2086-3
pubmed: 27010387
Liu JL, Shriver-Lake LC, Zabetakis D, Goldman ER, Anderson GP (2018) Selection of single-domain antibodies towards western equine encephalitis virus. Antibodies 7(4):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib7040044
doi: 10.3390/antib7040044
pubmed: 31544894
pmcid: 6698954
Liu ZH, Lei KX, Han GW, Xu HL, He F (2020) Novel lentivirus-based method for rapid selection of inhibitory nanobody against PRRSV. Viruses 12(2):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020229
doi: 10.3390/v12020229
pubmed: 32092857
pmcid: 7077216
Liu D, Li L, Cao X, Wu J, Du G, Shang Y (2021a) Selection and identification of single-domain antibody against Peste des Petits ruminants virus. J Vet Sci 22(4):e45. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e45
Liu JL, Webb EM, Zabetakis D, Burke CW, Gardner CL, Glass PJ, Legler PM, Weger-Lucarelli J, Anderson GP, Goldman ER (2021b) Stabilization of a broadly neutralizing anti-chikungunya virus single domain antibody. Front Med 8:626028. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.626028
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.626028
Liu X, Sui J, Li C, Peng X, Wang Q, Jiang N, Xu Q, Wang L, Lin J, Zhao G (2022a) Preparation of a nanobody specific to dectin 1 and its anti-inflammatory effects on fungal keratitis. Int J Nanomed 17:537–551. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s338974
doi: 10.2147/ijn.s338974
Liu JL, Zabetakis D, Gardner CL, Burke CW, Glass PJ, Webb EM, Shriver-Lake LC, Anderson GP, Weger-Lucarelli J, Goldman ER (2022b) Bivalent single domain antibody constructs for effective neutralization of Venezuelan equine encephalitis. Sci Rep 12(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04434-x
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04434-x
Lu Q, Li X, Zhao J, Zhu J, Luo Y, Duan H, Ji P, Wang K, Liu B, Wang X, Fan W, Sun Y, Zhou EM, Zhao Q (2020) Nanobodyhorseradish peroxidase and-EGFP fusions as reagents to detect porcine parvovirus in the immunoassays. J Nanobiotechnol 18:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0568-x
doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0568-x
Ma Z, Wang T, Li Z, Guo X, Tian Y, Li Y, Xiao S (2019) A novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Nanobiotechnol 17:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0531-x
doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0531-x
Ma H, Zhang X, Zeng W, Zhou J, Chi X, Chen S, Zheng P, Wang M, Wu Y, Zhao D, Gong F, Lin H, Sun H, Yu C, Shi Z, Hu X, Zhang H, Jin T, Chiu S (2022) A bispecific nanobody dimer broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 & 2 variants of concern and offers substantial protection against Omicron via low-dose intranasal administration. Cell Discovery 8(1):132. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-022-00497-w
doi: 10.1038/s41421-022-00497-w
pubmed: 36494344
pmcid: 9734137
Marable J, Ruiz D, Jaiswal AK, Bhattacharya R, Pantazes R, Agarwal P, Suryawanshi AS, Bedi D, Mishra A, Smith BF, Sandey M (2021) Nanobody-based CTLA4 inhibitors for immune checkpoint blockade therapy of canine cancer patients. Sci Rep 11(1):20763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00325-3
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00325-3
pubmed: 34675296
pmcid: 8531395
Mazzega E, De Marco A (2018) Engineered cross-reacting nanobodies simplify comparative oncology between humans and dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 16(1):E202–E206. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12359
doi: 10.1111/vco.12359
pubmed: 29047203
Mei Y, Chen Y, Sivaccumar JP, An Z, Xia N, Luo W (2022) Research progress and applications of nanobody in human infectious diseases. Front Pharmacol 13:963978. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.963978
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963978
pubmed: 36034845
pmcid: 9411660
Mojarad AE, Gargaria SLM (2020) Aptamer-nanobody based ELASA for detection of Vibrio cholerae O1. Iran J Microbiol 12(4):263. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3928
doi: 10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3928
pubmed: 32994896
pmcid: 7502147
Moliner-Morro A, McInerney GM, Hanke L (2022) Nanobodies in the limelight: multifunctional tools in the fight against viruses. J Gen Virol 103(5):001731. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001731
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001731
Morales-Yanez FJ, Sariego I, Vincke C, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Polman K, Muyldermans S (2019a) An innovative approach in the detection of Toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigens using specific nanobodies. Int J Parasitol 49(8):635–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.03.004
doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.03.004
pubmed: 31150611
Morales-Yánez F, Trashin S, Hermy M, Sariego I, Polman K, Muyldermans S, De Wael K (2019b) Fast one-step ultrasensitive detection of Toxocara canis antigens by a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor. Anal Chem 91(18):11582–11588. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01687
doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01687
pubmed: 31429269
Morales-Yánez F, Trashin S, Sariego I, Roucher C, Paredis L, Chico M, Polman K (2020) Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia. Parasites Vectors 13:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04113-2
doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04113-2
Mu Y, Jia C, Zheng X, Zhu H, Zhang X, Xu H, Liu B, Zhao Q, Zhou EM (2021) A nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion protein‐based competitive ELISA for rapid detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2. J Nanobiotechnol 19(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00778-8
doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00778-8
One Health (2017) Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop Report, United States. https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/pdfs/us-ohzdp-report-508.pdf . Accessed 21 Oct 2023
Pan X, Zeng SL, Yu D, Liang XL, Ji C, Pan B, Cai J, Wang Y, Min Y, Fang W, Liao W (2016) Variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody of the Rv0733 antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis panned and identified from a nonimmune llama VHH phage display library. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 9(3):2869–2878
Pereira SS, Moreira-Dill LS, Morais MS, Prado ND, Barros ML, Koishi AC, Mazarrotto GACA, Gonçalves GM, Zuliani JP, Calderon LA, Soares AM, Pereira da Silva LH, Duarte dos Santos CN, Fernandes CFC, Stabeli RG (2014) Novel camelid antibody fragments targeting recombinant nucleoprotein of Araucaria Hantavirus: a prototype for an early diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. PLoS ONE 9(9):e108067. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108067
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108067
pubmed: 25243411
pmcid: 4171512
Pinto Torres JE, Goossens J, Ding J, Li Z, Lu S, Vertommen D, Naniima P, Chen R, Muyldermans S, Sterckx YGJ, Magez S (2018) Development of a nanobody-based lateral flow assay to detect active Trypanosoma congolense infections. Sci Rep 8(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26732-7
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26732-7
Pourasadi S, Gargari SLM, Rajabibazl M, Nazarian S (2017) Efficient production of nanobodies against urease activity ofHelicobacter pylori in Pichia pastoris. Turk J Med Sci 47(2):695–701. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1509-121
doi: 10.3906/sag-1509-121
pubmed: 28425268
Rahman MT, Sobur MA, Islam MS, Ievy S, Hossain MJ, El Zowalaty ME, Rahman AT, Ashour HM (2020) Zoonotic diseases: etiology, impact, and control. Microorganisms 8(9):1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091405
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091405
pubmed: 32932606
pmcid: 7563794
Ren J, Duan H, Dong H, Wu S, Du Y, Zhang G, Zhang A (2023) TAT nanobody exerts antiviral effect against PRRSV in vitro by targeting viral nucleocapsid protein. Int J Mol Sci 24(3):1905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031905
doi: 10.3390/ijms24031905
pubmed: 36768238
pmcid: 9915258
Salyer SJ, Silver R, Simone K, Barton Behravesh C (2017) Prioritizing zoonoses for global health capacity building-themes from one health zoonotic disease workshops in 7 countries 2014–2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23(13):S55–S64. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2313.170418
doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170418
pubmed: 29155664
pmcid: 5711306
Sheng Y, Wang K, Lu Q, Ji P, Liu B, Zhu J, Liu Q, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhou EM, Zhao Q (2019) Nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusion protein as an ultrasensitive probe to detect antibodies against Newcastle disease virus in the immunoassay. J Nanobiotechnol 17:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0468-0
doi: 10.1186/s12951-019-0468-0
Sherwood LJ, Osborn RC Jr, Patterson JL, Hayhurst A (2007) Rapid assembly of sensitive antigen-capture assays for Marburg virus, using in vitro selection of llama single-domain antibodies, at biosafety level. J Infect Dis 196(Supplement2):S213–S219. https://doi.org/10.1086/520586
doi: 10.1086/520586
pubmed: 17940952
Srivastava SK, Ruigrok VJ, Thompson NJ, Trilling AK, Heck AJ, van Rijn C, Beekwilder J, Jongsma MA (2013) 16 kDa heat shock protein from heat-inactivated mycobacterium tuberculosis is a homodimer–suitability for diagnostic applications with specific llama VHH monoclonals. PLoS ONE 8(5):e64040. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064040
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064040
pubmed: 23737964
pmcid: 3667823
Sroga P, Sloan A, Warner BM, Tierney K, Lew J, Liu G, Chan M, Deschambault Y, Stein DR, Soule G, Banadyga L, Falzarano D, Safronetz D (2021) Polyclonal alpaca antibodies protect against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a lethal Syrian hamster model. Sci Rep 11(1):17440. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96884-6
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96884-6
pubmed: 34465819
pmcid: 8408274
Thran M, Pönisch M, Danz H, Horscroft N, Ichtchenko K, Tzipori S, Shoemaker CB (2023) Co-administration of an effector antibody enhances the half-life and therapeutic potential of RNA-encoded nanobodies. Sci Rep 13(1):14632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41092-7
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41092-7
pubmed: 37670025
pmcid: 10480410
Unger M, Eichhoff AM, Schumacher L, Strysio M, Menzel S, Schwan C, Alzogaray V, Zylberman V, Seman M, Brandner J, Rohde H, Zhu K, Haag F, Mittrücker HW, Goldbaum F, Aktories K, Koch-Nolte F (2015) Selection of nanobodies that block the enzymatic and cytotoxic activities of the binary Clostridium difficile toxin CDT. Sci Rep 5(1):7850. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07850
doi: 10.1038/srep07850
pubmed: 25597743
pmcid: 4297958
Virdi V, Coddens A, De Buck S, Millet S, Goddeeris BM, Cox E, De Greve H, Depicker A (2013) Orally fed seeds producing designer IgAs protect weaned piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(29):11809–11814. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301975110
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1301975110
pubmed: 23801763
pmcid: 3718133
Wang T, Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wang T, He T (2017) Determination of aspergillus pathogens in agricultural products by a specific nanobody-polyclonal antibody sandwich ELISA. Sci Rep 7(1):4348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04195-6
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04195-6
pubmed: 28659622
pmcid: 5489487
Wang L, Zhang L, Huang B, Li K, Hou G, Zhao Q, Wu C, Nan Y, Du T, Mu Y, Lan J, Chen H, Zhou EM (2019) A nanobody targeting viral non-structural protein 9 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication. J Virol 93(4):e01888–e01818. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01888-18
doi: 10.1128/jvi.01888-18
pubmed: 30463975
pmcid: 6364029
Wang R, Zhang H, Peng C, Shi J, Zhang H, Gong R (2021) Identification and characterization of a novel single domain antibody against Ebola virus. Virol Sin 36:1600–1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-021-00454-z
doi: 10.1007/s12250-021-00454-z
pubmed: 34632543
pmcid: 8502631
Wang J, Kang G, Yuan H, Cao X, Huang H, De Marco A (2022) Research progress and applications of multivalent, multispecific and modified nanobodies for disease treatment. Front Immunol 12:838082. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.838082
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.838082
pubmed: 35116045
pmcid: 8804282
Webb EM, Compton A, Rai P, Chuong C, Paulson SL, Tu Z, Weger-Lucarelli J (2023) Expression of anti-chikungunya single-domain antibodies in transgenic Aedes aegypti reduces vector competence for Chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus. Front Microbiol 14:1189176. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189176
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189176
pubmed: 37378291
pmcid: 10291133
Wichgers Schreur PJ, van de Water S, Harmsen M, Bermudez-Mendez E, Drabek D, Grosveld F, Wernike K, Beer M, Aebischer A, Daramola O, Rodriguez Conde S, Brennan K, Kozub D, Kristiansen MS, Mistry KK, Deng Z, Hellert J, Guardado-Calvo P, Rey FA, Keulen LV, Kortekaas J (2020) Multimeric single-domain antibody complexes protect against bunyavirus infections. Elife 9:e52716. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.52716
doi: 10.7554/elife.52716
pubmed: 32314955
pmcid: 7173960
Xue W, Zhao Q, Li P, Zhang R, Lan J, Wang J, Yang X, Xie Z, Jiang S (2019) Identification and characterization of a novel nanobody against duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Virology 528:101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.013
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.013
pubmed: 30590261
Yang EY, Shah K (2020) Nanobodies: next generation of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Front Oncol 10:1182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01182
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01182
pubmed: 32793488
pmcid: 7390931
Yang S, Shang Y, Yin S, Tian H, Chen Y, Sun S, Jin Y, Liu X (2014) Selection and identification of single-domain antibody fragment against capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from C. bactrianus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 160(1–2):12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.004
doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.004
pubmed: 24736187
Yang S, Shang Y, Wang D, Yin S, Cai J, Liu X (2015) Diagnosis of porcine circovirus type 2 infection with a combination of immunomagnetic beads, single-domain antibody, and fluorescent quantum dot probes. Arch Virol 160:2325–2334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2508-x
doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2508-x
pubmed: 26153546
Yang S, Li L, Yin S, Shang Y, Khan MUZ, He X, Yuan L, Gao X, Liu X, Cai J (2018) Single-domain antibodies as promising experimental tools in imaging and isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:8931–8942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9324-7
doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9324-7
pubmed: 30143837
pmcid: 7080177
Yang S, Yuan L, Shang Y, Wu J, Liu X, Zhang J, Pejsak Z, Podgórska K, Stepniewska K, Zafar Khan MU, Cai J, Yin S (2020) Selection and characterization of CSFV-specific single-domain antibodies and their application along with immunomagnetic nanobeads and quantum dots. BioMed Res Int 2020:3201630. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3201630
doi: 10.1155/2020/3201630
pubmed: 32090077
pmcid: 7013354
Yang YY, Wang Y, Zhang YF, Wang F, Liang YF, Yang JY, Xu ZL, Shen YD, Wang H (2021) Nanobody-based indirect competitive ELISA for sensitive detection of 19-Nortestosterone in animal urine. Biomolecules 11(2):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11020167
doi: 10.3390/biom11020167
pubmed: 33513883
pmcid: 7912623
Yang J, Jing M, Niu Q, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu M, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z (2022) Identification and characterization of nanobodies specifically against African swine fever virus major capsid protein p72. Front Microbiol 13:1017792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017792
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017792
pubmed: 36312984
pmcid: 9606462
Zhang W, Lin M, Yan Q, Budachetri K, Hou L, Sahni A, Liu H, Han NC, Lakritz J, Pei D, Rikihisa Y (2021a) An intracellular nanobody targeting T4SS effector inhibits Ehrlichia infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci 118(18):e2024102118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024102118
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024102118
pubmed: 33903242
pmcid: 8106314
Zhang L, Wang L, Cao S, Lv H, Huang J, Zhang G, Tabynov K, Zhao Q, Zhou EM (2021b) Nanobody Nb6 fused with porcine IgG fc as the delivering tag to inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in porcine alveolar macrophages. Vet Res 52:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00868-9
doi: 10.1186/s13567-020-00868-9
Zhang A, Wu S, Duan X, Zhao H, Dong H, Ren J, Zhang M, Li J, Duan H, Zhang G (2022) K205R specific nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusions as reagents of competitive ELISA to detect African swine fever virus serum antibodies. BMC Vet Res 18(1):321. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0
doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0
pubmed: 35987654
pmcid: 9392344
Zhao H, Ren J, Wu S, Guo H, Du Y, Wan B, Ji P, Wu Y, Zhang G (2022a) HRP-conjugated-nanobody-based cELISA for rapid and sensitive clinical detection of ASFV antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106(11):4269–4285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4
doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4
pubmed: 35612629
pmcid: 9130055
Zhao J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Zhao Q (2022b) A simple nanobody-based competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Virol Sin 37(6):922–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004
doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004
pubmed: 36089216
pmcid: 9797394
Zhao Y, Yang J, Niu Q, Wang J, Jing M, Guan G, Liu M, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z (2023) Identification and characterization of nanobodies from a phage display library and their application in an immunoassay for the sensitive detection of African Swine Fever Virus. J Clin Microbiol e01197-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01197-22
Zhu M, Gong X, Hu Y, Ou W, Wan Y (2014) Streptavidin-biotin-based directional double nanobody sandwich ELISA for clinical rapid and sensitive detection of influenza H5N1. J Translational Med 12(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0352-5
doi: 10.1186/s12967-014-0352-5
Zhu S, Miao B, Zhang YZ, Zeng WW, Wang DS, Su SQ (2022) In vitro neutralization of nervous necrosis virus by a nanobody binding to the protrusion domain of capsid protein. Aquaculture 548:737654. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0352-5
doi: 10.1186/s12967-014-0352-5