Young adults with a history of substance use disorder experienced more negative mental health, social and economic outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
COVID‐19 pandemic
mental health
social and economic burden
social determinants of health
substance use disorder
young adults
Journal
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
ISSN: 1360-0443
Titre abrégé: Addiction
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9304118
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 Jun 2024
24 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
16
11
2023
accepted:
11
05
2024
medline:
26
6
2024
pubmed:
26
6
2024
entrez:
26
6
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
For young adults, the disruptions brought by the COVID-19 pandemic to work, social relationships and health-care probably impacted normative life stage transitions. Disaster research shows that negative effects of these events can persist for years after the acute crisis ends. Pandemic-related disruptions may have been especially consequential for young adults with a history of substance use disorder (SUD). The current work aimed to measure the broad impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults with and without a history of SUD. Data were from a longitudinal panel of n = 4407 young adults across the United States surveyed repeatedly from 2014 to 2019 (aged 19-26 years, pre-pandemic) and again in 2021 (aged 28 years, mid-pandemic). We fitted multi-level models to understand the association between SUD history and pandemic outcomes, controlling for potential confounders (socio-demographic and health measures). Outcomes included overall life disruption; mental health, social and economic impacts; substance use; and physical health. Young adults with a history of SUD reported greater life disruption (standardized β = 0.13-0.15, Ps < 0.015) and negative mental health impacts (standardized β = 0.12-0.14, Ps < 0.012), experienced approximately 20% more work-related stressors (relative risks = 1.18-1.22, Ps < 0.002) and 50% more home-related stressors (relative risks = 1.40-1.51, Ps < 0.001), and had two to three times the odds of increased substance use during the pandemic (odds ratios = 2.07-3.23, Ps < 0.001). Findings generally did not differ between those with a recent SUD diagnosis and those in recovery from SUD before the pandemic began. United States young adults with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) reported more life disruption and greater negative physical and mental health, social and economic impacts during the COVID mid-pandemic period than young adults with no history of SUD.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
OBJECTIVE
For young adults, the disruptions brought by the COVID-19 pandemic to work, social relationships and health-care probably impacted normative life stage transitions. Disaster research shows that negative effects of these events can persist for years after the acute crisis ends. Pandemic-related disruptions may have been especially consequential for young adults with a history of substance use disorder (SUD). The current work aimed to measure the broad impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults with and without a history of SUD.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
METHODS
Data were from a longitudinal panel of n = 4407 young adults across the United States surveyed repeatedly from 2014 to 2019 (aged 19-26 years, pre-pandemic) and again in 2021 (aged 28 years, mid-pandemic).
MEASUREMENTS
METHODS
We fitted multi-level models to understand the association between SUD history and pandemic outcomes, controlling for potential confounders (socio-demographic and health measures). Outcomes included overall life disruption; mental health, social and economic impacts; substance use; and physical health.
FINDINGS
RESULTS
Young adults with a history of SUD reported greater life disruption (standardized β = 0.13-0.15, Ps < 0.015) and negative mental health impacts (standardized β = 0.12-0.14, Ps < 0.012), experienced approximately 20% more work-related stressors (relative risks = 1.18-1.22, Ps < 0.002) and 50% more home-related stressors (relative risks = 1.40-1.51, Ps < 0.001), and had two to three times the odds of increased substance use during the pandemic (odds ratios = 2.07-3.23, Ps < 0.001). Findings generally did not differ between those with a recent SUD diagnosis and those in recovery from SUD before the pandemic began.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
United States young adults with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) reported more life disruption and greater negative physical and mental health, social and economic impacts during the COVID mid-pandemic period than young adults with no history of SUD.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R01DA015183
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2024 Society for the Study of Addiction.
Références
Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. The mental health consequences of COVID‐19 and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180:817–818.
Melamed OC, Hauck TS, Buckley L, Selby P, Mulsant BH. COVID‐19 and persons with substance use disorders: inequities and mitigation strategies. Subst Abuse. 2020;41:286–291.
Galea S, Factor SH, Palermo AG, Aaron D, Canales E, Vlahov D. Access to resources for substance users in Harlem, New York City: service provider and client perspectives. Health Educ Behav. 2002;29:296–311.
Schuckit MA. Comorbidity between substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions. Addiction. 2006;101:76–88.
Baldwin ML, Marcus SC. The impact of mental and substance‐use disorders on employment transitions: mental disorders and employment transitions. Health Econ. 2014;23:332–344.
Mude W, Oguoma VM, Nyanhanda T, Mwanri L, Njue C. Racial disparities in COVID‐19 pandemic cases, hospitalisations, and deaths: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Glob Health. 2021;11:05015.
Tai DBG, Shah A, Doubeni CA, Sia IG, Wieland ML. The disproportionate impact of COVID‐19 on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:703–706.
Wagner BG, Choi KH, Cohen PN. Decline in marriage associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Socius: Sociol Res Dynam World. 2020;6:6.
Hlasny V, AlAzzawi S. Last in after COVID‐19: employment prospects of youths during a pandemic recovery. Forum Soc Econ. 2022;51:235–244.
Lee MR, Boness CL, McDowell YE, Vergés A, Steinley DL, Sher KJ. Desistance and severity of alcohol use disorder: a lifespan‐developmental investigation. Clin Psychol Sci. 2018;6:90–105.
Bush DM, Lipari RN. Substance use and substance use disorder by industry. 2013. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26913332. Accessed 11 Nov 2023.
Wang QQ, Kaelber DC, Xu R, Volkow ND. COVID‐19 risk and outcomes in patients with substance use disorders: analyses from electronic health records in the United States. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:30–39.
Edlund MJ, Booth BM, Han X. Who seeks care where? Utilization of mental health and substance use disorder treatment in two national samples of individuals with alcohol use disorders. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73:635–646.
Mojtabai R. Use of specialty substance abuse and mental health services in adults with substance use disorders in the community. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;78:345–354.
Jane‐Llopis E, Matytsina I. Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: a review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2006;25:515–536.
Kuczynski AM, Halvorson MA, Slater LR, Kanter JW. The effect of social interaction quantity and quality on depressed mood and loneliness: a daily diary study. J Soc Pers Relat. 2022;39:734–756.
Vallecillo G, Perelló R, Güerri R, Fonseca F, Torrens M. Clinical impact of COVID‐19 on people with substance use disorders. J Public Health. 2021;43:9–12.
Guo FR. Active smoking is associated with severity of coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID‐19): an update of a meta‐analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:37.
Roberts A, Rogers J, Mason R, Siriwardena AN, Hogue T, Whitley GA, et al. Alcohol and other substance use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;229:109150.
Assaf RD, Gorbach PM, Cooper ZD. Changes in medical and non‐medical cannabis use among United States adults before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2022;48:321–327.
Rosic T, Naji L, Sanger N, Marsh DC, Worster A, Thabane L, et al. Factors associated with increased opioid use during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a prospective study of patients enrolled in opioid agonist treatment. J Addict Med. 2022;16:e257–e264.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19–5068, NSDUH Series H‐54). 2019. Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/
Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Arthur MW, Abbott RD, Fagan AA, et al. Results of a type 2 translational research trial to prevent adolescent drug use and delinquency: a test of Communities That Care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:789–798.
Hawkins JD, Brown EC, Oesterle S, Arthur MW, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Early effects of Communities That Care on targeted risks and initiation of delinquent behavior and substance use. J Adolesc Health. 2008;43:15–22.
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335:806–808.
Arthur MW, Hawkins JD, Pollard JA, Catalano RF, Baglioni AJ. Measuring risk and protective factors for use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: the Communities That Care Youth Survey. Eval Rev. 2002;26:575–601.
Robins LN. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38:381–389.
Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Addiction. 1991;86:1119–1127.
Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut‐off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9): a meta‐analysis. Can Med Assoc J. 2012;184:E191–E196.
Plummer F, Manea L, Trepel D, McMillan D. Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD‐7 and GAD‐2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2016;39:24–31.
Steinberg L, Sharp C, Stanford MS, Tharp AT. New tricks for an old measure: The development of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Brief (BIS‐Brief). Psychol Assess. 2013;25:216–226.
Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J Royal Stat Soc. 1995;57:289–300.
Schafer JL, Graham JW. Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods. 2002;7:147–177.
Witkiewitz K. What is recovery? Alc Res Curr Rev. 2020;40:01.
Green H, Fernandez R, MacPhail C. The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a systematic review. Public Health Nurs. 2021;38:942–952.
Glowacz F, Schmits E. Psychological distress during the COVID‐19 lockdown: the young adults most at risk. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113486.
Shanahan L, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Murray AL, Nivette A, Hepp U, et al. Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med. 2022;52:824–833.
Lai HMX, Cleary M, Sitharthan T, Hunt GE. Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990–2014: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;154:1–13.