Photoprotection: Current developments and controversies.
Journal
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
ISSN: 1468-3083
Titre abrégé: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9216037
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2024
Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
13
03
2023
accepted:
16
11
2023
medline:
26
6
2024
pubmed:
26
6
2024
entrez:
26
6
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This review aimed at summarizing some of the key points that were discussed during the photoprotection session at the International Forum of Dermatology in 2022. This international conference was designed to address prominent topics of clinical dermatology in a holistic way, allowing to articulate multiple viewpoints. Therefore, this review does not claim to be exhaustive, but is instead intended to give an overview of recent developments and ongoing controversies in the field of photoprotection. Cumulative ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the major aetiological factor in the development of photoageing, photoimunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis. UVA (320-400 nm) penetrates into the dermis and damages DNA and other intracellular and acellular targets primarily by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is the major contributor to photoageing, characterized by fine and coarse wrinkles, dyspigmentation and loss of elasticity. UVB (290-320 nm) is responsible for sunburns through direct damage to DNA by the formation of 6-4 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproducts. Both UVA and UVB exposure increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In recent years, visible light (VL; 400-700 nm) has also been implicated in the exacerbation of conditions aggravated by sun exposure such as hyperpigmentation and melasma. Photoprotection is a critical health strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of UVR and VL. Comprehensive photoprotection strategies include staying in the shade when outdoors, wearing photoprotective clothing including a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses, and the use of sunscreen. Due to the absorption of UV filters, the safety of sunscreens has been questioned. Newer sunscreens are becoming available with filters with absorption even beyond the UV spectrum, offering enhanced protection compared with older products. Prevention of photocarcinogenesis, sun-induced or sunlight-exacerbated hyperpigmentary conditions and drug-induced photosensitivity is an important reason for adopting comprehensive photoprotection strategies.
Substances chimiques
Sunscreening Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
12-20Subventions
Organisme : Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique
Informations de copyright
© 2024 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
Références
Guan LL, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. Sunscreens and photoaging: a review of current literature. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22:819–828.
Pellacani G, Argenziano A. New insights from non‐invasive imaging: from prospection of skin photodamages to training with mobile application. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(Suppl 6):38–50.
Nagashima H, Hanada K, Hashimoto I. Correlation of skin phototype with facial wrinkle formation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1999;15:2–6.
Passeron T, Lim HW, Goh CL, Kang HY, Ly F, Morita A, et al. Photoprotection according to skin phototype and dermatoses: practical recommendations from an expert panel. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35:1460–1469.
Sachs DL, Varani J, Chubb H, Fligiel SEG, Cui Y, Calderone K, et al. Atrophic and hypertrophic photoaging: clinical, histologic, and molecular features of 2 distinct phenotypes of photoaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81:480–488.
Langton AK, Ayer J, Griffiths TW, Rashdan E, Naidoo K, Caley MP, et al. Distinctive clinical and histological characteristics of atrophic and hypertrophic facial photoageing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35:762–768.
Cestari T, Buster K. Photoprotection in specific populations: children and people of color. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;76:S110–S121.
Green AC, Wallingford SC, McBride P. Childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation and harmful skin effects: epidemiological evidence. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2011;107:349–355.
Oliveria SA, Saraiya M, Geller AC, Heneghan MK, Jorgensen C. Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91:131–138.
Cust AE, Jenkins MA, Goumas C, Armstrong BK, Schmid H, Aitken JF, et al. Early‐life sun exposure and risk of melanoma before age 40 years. Cancer Causes Control. 2011;22:885–897.
Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta‐analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18:614–627.
Salvado M, Fraga A, Marques DL, Pires IM, Gonçalves CC, Silva NM. Sun exposure in pediatric age: perspective of caregivers. Children. 2021;8:1019.
Kajitani GS, Quayle C, Garcia CCM, Fotoran WL, dos Santos JFR, van der Horst GTJ, et al. Photorepair of either CPD or 6‐4PP DNA lesions in basal keratinocytes attenuates ultraviolet‐induced skin effects in nucleotide excision repair deficient mice. Front Immunol. 2022;13:800606.
Narbutt J, Philipsen PA, Lesiak A, Sandberg Liljendahl T, Segerbäck D, Heydenreich J, et al. Children sustain high levels of skin DNA photodamage, with a modest increase of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, after a summer holiday in Northern Europe. Br J Dermatol. 2018;179:940–950.
Diehl K, Thoonen K, Breitbart EW, Pfahlberg AB, Görig T. Sun protection and tanning behaviors in caregivers: prevalence, determinants, and associations with children's behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:6876.
Thoonen K, Passos Schneider VLF, De Vries H, Van Osch L. Children's sunburn exposed: identification of sun exposure and parental sun protection patterns. Eur J Dermatol. 2021;31:538–548.
Saint Aroman M, Taieb C, Le Fur G, Marquié A, Baissac C, Ortiz BA. Sun exposure and photoprotection: parents and grandparents habits, knowledge and attitudes towards children. JEADV Clin Pract. 2023;2:373–378.
Hunkin H, Morris JN. A decade of sun protection in Australian early‐childhood services: analysis of cross‐sectional and repeated‐measures data. Health Educ Res. 2020;35:99–109.
Hunkin H, Pollock K, Scupham R. The National SunSmart Schools Program: impact on sun protection policies and practices in Australian primary schools. Health Promot J Austr. 2020;31:251–257.
Stockfleth E, Revol O. Encouraging sun protection early in life: from a successful prevention programme in children to the identification of psychological barriers in adolescents. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(Suppl 6):12–21.
Aulbert W, Parpart C, Schulz‐Hornbostel R, Hinrichs B, Krüger‐Corcoran D, Stockfleth E. Certification of sun protection practices in a German child day‐care centre improves children's sun protection—the ‘SunPass’ pilot study. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161 Suppl 3:5–12.
Stöver LA, Hinrichs B, Petzold U, Kuhlmei H, Baumgart J, Parpart C, et al. Getting in early: primary skin cancer: prevention at 55 German kindergartens. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(Suppl 2):63–69.
Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, et al. Visible light. Part I: properties and cutaneous effects of visible light. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84:1219–1231.
Geisler AN, Austin E, Nguyen J, Hamzavi I, Jagdeo J, Lim HW. Visible light. Part II: photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84:1233–1244.
Pourang A, Tisack A, Ezekwe N, Torres AE, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, et al. Effects of visible light on mechanisms of skin photoaging. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022;38:191–196.
Kohli I, Chaowattanapanit S, Mohammad TF, Nicholson CL, Fatima S, Jacobsen G, et al. Synergistic effects of long‐wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light on pigmentation and erythema. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178:1173–1180.
Mahmoud BH, Ruvolo E, Hexsel CL, Liu Y, Owen MR, Kollias N, et al. Impact of long‐wavelength UVA and visible light on melanocompetent skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130:2092–2097.
Kohli I, Zubair R, Lyons AB. Impact of long‐wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light on light‐skinned individuals. Photochem Photobiol. 2019;95:1285–1287.
Kohli I, Braunberger TL, Nahhas AF, Mirza FN, Mokhtari M, Lyons AB, et al. Long‐wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light photoprotection: a multimodality assessment of dose and response. Photochem Photobiol. 2020;96:208–214.
Dudley DK, Laughlin SA, Osterwalder U. Spectral homeostasis—the fundamental requirement for an ideal sunscreen. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2021;55:72–92.
Stengel F. Homeostasis in topical photoprotection: getting the spectral balance right. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(Suppl 1):40–44.
Lyons AB, Trullas C, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW. Photoprotection beyond ultraviolet radiation: a review of tinted sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84:1393–1397.
Torres AE, Awosika O, Maghfour J, Taylor S, Lim HW. Practical guide to tinted sunscreens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87:656–657.
Lim HW, Kohli I, Ruvolo E, Kolbe L, Hamzavi IH. Impact of visible light on skin health: the role of antioxidants and free radical quenchers in skin protection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;86:S27–S37.
Lyons AB, Zubair R, Kohli I, Nahhas AF, Braunberger TL, Mokhtari M, et al. Mitigating visible light and long wavelength UVA1‐induced effects with topical antioxidants. Photochem Photobiol. 2022;98:455–460.
Ruvolo E, Boothby‐Shoemaker W, Kumar N, Hamzavi IH, Lim HW, Kohli I. Evaluation of efficacy of antioxidant‐enriched sunscreen products against long wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2022;44:394–402.
European Commission, SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on the safety of cosmetic ingredients phenylene bis‐diphenyltriazine (CAS No 55514–22‐2)‐S86–Submission II. July 30, 2018. SCCS/1594/18.
Bacqueville D, Jacques‐Jamin C, Lapalud P, Douki T, Roullet N, Sereno J, et al. Formulation of a new broad‐spectrum UVB + UVA and blue light SPF50+ sunscreen containing Phenylene Bis‐Diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB), an innovative sun filter with unique optical properties. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(Suppl 6):29–37.
Coats JG, Maktabi B, Abou‐Dahech MS, Baki G. Blue light protection, part I—effects of blue light on the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20:714–717.
Chamayou‐Robert C, DiGiorgio C, Brack O, Doucet O. Blue light induces DNA damage in normal human skin keratinocytes. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022;38:69–75.
Bacqueville D, Jacques‐Jamin C, Dromigny H, Boyer F, Brunel Y, Ferret PJ, et al. Phenylene Bis‐Diphenyltriazine (TriAsorB), a new sunfilter protecting the skin against both UVB + UVA and blue light radiations. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2021;20:1475–1486.
European Commission, SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety). Opinion on methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (S87)–Submission II. December 13, 2019. SCCS/1605/19.
Marionnet C, de Dormael R, Marat X, Roudot A, Gizard J, Planel E, et al. Sunscreens with the new MCE filter cover the whole UV spectrum: improved UVA1 photoprotection in vitro and in a randomized controlled trial. JID Innov. 2021;2:100070.
de Dormael R, Bernerd F, Bastien P, Candau D, Roudot A, Tricaud C. Improvement of photoprotection with sunscreen formulas containing the cyclic merocyanine UVA1 absorber MCE: in vivo demonstration under simulated and real sun exposure conditions in three randomized controlled trials. JEADV Clin Pract. 2022;1:229–239.
Lawrence KP, Sarkany RPE, Acker S, Herzog B, Young AR. A new visible light absorbing organic filter offers superior protection against pigmentation by wavelengths at the UVR‐visible boundary region. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2022;227:112372.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/2195 of 10 November 2022 amending regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the council as regards the use of butylated hydroxytoluene, acid yellow 3, homosalate and HAA299 in cosmetic products and correcting that regulation as regards the use of resorcinol in cosmetic products. Official Journal of the European Union. 2022;(L292):32–38. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://eur‐lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2195/oj
Maghfour J, Ceresnie M, Olson J, Lim HW. The association between frontal fibrosing alopecia, sunscreen, and moisturizers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87:395–396.
EWG's 16th annual guide to sunscreen. Environmental Working Group (EWG). May 5, 2022.
Sun protection using sunscreens. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA). Accessed September 30, 2022.
Huang Y, Law JC, Lam TK. Leung KS risks of organic UV filters: a review of environmental and human health concern studies. Sci Total Environ. 2021;755(Pt 1):142486.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Review of fate, exposure, and effects of sunscreens in aquatic environments and implications for sunscreen usage and human health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2022.
Ghazipuraa M, McGowanb R, Arslanc A, Hossaind T. Exposure to benzophenone‐3 and reproductive toxicity: a systematic review of human and animal studies. Reprod Toxicol. 2017;73:175183.
Passeron T, Bouillon R, Callender V, Cestari T, Diepgen TL, Green AC, et al. Sunscreen photoprotection and vitamin D status. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181:916–931.
Afarideh M, Sartori‐Valinotti JC, Tollefson MM. Association of sun‐protective behaviors with bone mineral density and osteoporotic bone fractures in US adults. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157:1437–1446.
Kim WB, Shelley AJ, Novice K, Joo J, Lim HW, Glassman SJ. Drug‐induced phototoxicity: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79:1069–1075.
Hofmann GA, Weber B. Drug‐induced photosensitivity: culprit drugs, potential mechanisms and clinical consequences. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021;19:19–29.
Sibaud V. Anticancer treatments and photosensitivity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(Suppl 6):51–58.
Montgomery S, Worswick S. Photosensitizing drug reactions. Clin Dermatol. 2022;40:57–63.
Susser WS, Whitaker‐Worth DL, Grant‐Kels JM. Mucocutaneous reactions to chemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40:367–398.
Regnault MM, Gadaud N, Boulinguez S, Tournier E, Lamant L, Gladieff L, et al. Chemotherapy‐related reticulate hyperpigmentation: a case series and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2015;231:312–318.
Goldfeder KL, Levin JM, Katz KA, Clarke LE, Loren AW, James WD. Ultraviolet recall reaction after total body irradiation, etoposide, and methotrexate therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:494–499.
Badger J, Uzieblo A, Srinivas S, Kang S. Double diagnosis in cancer patients and cutaneous reaction related to gemcitabine. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:7224–7225.
Kuo DJ, Spies JM, Le Floch N, Wong V. Ultraviolet recall due to cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14:e246596.
Williams BJ, Roth DJ, Callen JP. Ultraviolet recall associated with etoposide and cyclophosphamide therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18:452–453.
Sibaud V, Lebœuf NR, Roche H. Dermatological adverse events with taxane chemotherapy. Eur J Dermatol. 2016;26:427–443.
Laurinaviciene R, Sandholdt LH, Bygum A. Drug‐induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus: 88 new cases. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27:28–33.
Lowe GC, Henderson CL, Grau RH, Hansen CB, Sontheimer RD. A systematic review of drug‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164:465–472.
Funke AA, Kulp‐Shorten CL, Callen JP. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus exacerbated or induced by chemotherapy. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146:1113–1116.
Ciccolini KT, Kim J, Chaudhari SP, Lucas AS, Benhuri B, Duran J, et al. Incidence and risk of developing photosensitivity with targeted anticancer therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81:1009–1011.
Dagher SH, Blom A, Chabanol H, Funck‐Brentano E. Cutaneous toxicities from targeted therapies used in oncology: literature review of clinical presentation and management. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2021;7:615–624.
Eberlein B, Biedermann T, Hein R, Posch C. Vemurafenib‐related photosensitivity. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020;18:1079–1083.
Lacouture ME, Duvic M, Hauschild A, Prieto VG, Robert C, Schadendorf D, et al. Analysis of dermatologic events in vemurafenib‐treated patients with melanoma. Oncologist. 2013;18:314–322.
Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, Haanen JB, Ascierto P, Larkin J, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2507–2516.
Giacchero D, Ramacciotti C, Arnault JP, Brassard M, Baudin E, Maksimovic L, et al. A new spectrum of skin toxic effects associated with the multikinase inhibitor vandetanib. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:1418–1420.
Negulescu M, Zerdoud S, Boulinguez S, Tournier E, Delord JP, Baran R, et al. Development of photoonycholysis with vandetanib therapy. Skin Appendage Disord. 2017;2:146–151.
Sakaguchi Y, Komori T, Aoki M, Otsuka A, Kabashima K, Matsushita S. Photosensitive dermatitis induced by nivolumab/ipilimumab combination therapy in a patient with malignant melanoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100:adv00335.
Navarro‐Triviño FJ, Ruiz‐Villaverde R. Photosensitive rash induced by nivolumab. An Bras Dermatol. 2022;97:648–650.
Voskens CJ, Goldinger SM, Loquai C, Robert C, Kaehler KC, Berking C, et al. The price of tumor control: an analysis of rare side effects of anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy in metastatic melanoma from the ipilimumab network. PLoS One. 2013;8:e53745.
Ellis S, Vierra AT, Millsop JW, Lacouture ME, Kiuru M. Dermatologic toxicities to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a review of histopathologic features. Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83:1130–1143.
Sollena P, Nikolaou V, Soupos N, Kotteas E, Voudouri D, Stratigos AJ, et al. Vitiligo‐like lesions in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with cycline‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2021;185:247–253.
Masuda Y, Tatsuno K, Kitano S, Miyazawa H, Ishibe J, Aoshima M, et al. Mogamulizumab‐induced photosensitivity in patients with mycosis fungoides and other T‐cell neoplasms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32:1456–1460.
Morgado F, Calvão J, Barata F, Gonçalo M. Phototoxic reaction to brigatinib—a new photosensitizing drug. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33:e491–e492.
Udompanich S, Chanprapaph K, Rajatanavin N. Phototoxic reaction induced by pazopanib. Case Rep Dermatol. 2018;10:251–256.
Mateos‐Pujante A, Jiménez MC, Andreu I. Evaluation of phototoxicity induced by the anticancer drug rucaparib. Sci Rep. 2022;12:3434.