Report of renal allograft tuberculosis a decade after transplant: challenges in diagnosis and management.

Anti-tubercular therapy Post-transplant Rejection Tuberculosis

Journal

CEN case reports
ISSN: 2192-4449
Titre abrégé: CEN Case Rep
Pays: Japan
ID NLM: 101636244

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
26 Jun 2024
Historique:
received: 19 06 2023
accepted: 15 06 2024
medline: 27 6 2024
pubmed: 27 6 2024
entrez: 26 6 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Post-transplant infections constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients worldwide. Tuberculosis (TB) contributes significantly to this burden in endemic countries, such as India. We report a case of renal allograft TB, 10 years post-transplantation, diagnosed during a routine outpatient visit. An asymptomatic rise in serum creatinine level and a 6 month history of immunosuppressive drug non-compliance prompted evaluation of graft dysfunction. Biopsy of the renal allograft tissue suggested chronic active antibody mediated rejection with epithelioid granulomas in the interstitium. Guided by kidney biopsy, further testing with urine acid fast bacilli and urinary GeneXpert yielded positive results for TB. Treatment of TB was further complicated by the development of anti-tubercular therapy induced hepatitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, which were managed with the reintroduction regimen and escalation of steroid dose, respectively. Our case highlights the atypical presentation and challenges in managing patients with TB in a post-renal transplant setting.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38926296
doi: 10.1007/s13730-024-00904-z
pii: 10.1007/s13730-024-00904-z
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Japanese Society of Nephrology.

Références

Sundaram M, Adhikary SD, John GT, Kekre NS. Tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients. Indian J Urol. 2008;24(3):396. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.42625 .
doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.42625 pubmed: 19468476 pmcid: 2684355
Khaira A, Bagchi S, Sharma A, Mukund A, Mahajan S, Bhowmik D, Dinda AK, Agarwal SK. Renal allograft tuberculosis: report of three cases and review of literature. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2009;13:392–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-009-0158-6 .
doi: 10.1007/s10157-009-0158-6 pubmed: 19288286
John GT, Shankar V, Mukundan U, Thomas PP, Jacob CK. Risk factors for post-transplant tuberculosis. Kidney Int. 2001;60(3):1148–53. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031148.x .
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031148.x pubmed: 11532111
Sasi S, Varghese MK, Nair AP, Hashim S, Al MM. Tuberculosis in an allogeneic transplant kidney: a rare case report and review of literature. Cureus. 2020. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11661 .
doi: 10.7759/cureus.11661 pubmed: 33391900 pmcid: 7769496
Canet E, Dantal J, Blancho G, Hourmant M, Coupel S. Tuberculosis following kidney transplantation: clinical features and outcome a french multicentre experience in the last 20 years. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(11):3773–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr156 .
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr156 pubmed: 21467129
Krishnamoorthy S, Kumaresan N, Zumla A. Latent tuberculosis infection and renal transplantation–diagnosis and management. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;1(80):S73–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.049 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.049
Sathiyamoorthy R, Kalaivani M, Aggarwal P, Gupta SK. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung India. 2020;37(1):45. https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_181_19 .
doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_181_19 pubmed: 31898620
Clinical Spectrum of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Center South India (2020) InC53. Global Experiences. In: Tb And Ntm Care American Thoracic Society pp A5442-A5442 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201
Torre-Cisneros J, Doblas A, Aguado JM, San Juan R, Blanes M, Montejo M, Cervera C, Len O, Carratala J, Cisneros JM, Bou G. Tuberculosis after solid-organ transplant: incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics in the RESITRA (spanish network of infection in transplantation) cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(12):1657–65. https://doi.org/10.1086/599035 .
doi: 10.1086/599035 pubmed: 19445585
Surendran S, Thirumalvalavan K, MurugeshAnand S, Prasad ND, Fernando ME. Tuberculosis in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center-an observational study. Indian J Transplant. 2022. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijot.ijot_33_22 .
doi: 10.4103/ijot.ijot_33_22
Sorohan BM, Ismail G, Tacu D, Obrișcă B, Ciolan G, Gîngu C, Sinescu I, Baston C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after kidney transplantation: a comprehensive review. Pathogens. 2022;11(9):1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091041 .
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11091041 pubmed: 36145473 pmcid: 9505385
Muñoz P, Rodríguez C, Bouza E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in recipients of solid organ transplants. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(4):581–7. https://doi.org/10.1086/427692 .
doi: 10.1086/427692 pubmed: 15712081
Wang YC, Salvador NG, Lin CC, Wu CC, Lin TL, Lee WF, Chan YC, Chen CL, Co JS, Encarnacion DD. Comparative analysis of the drug-drug interaction between immunosuppressants safety and efficacy of rifabutin from rifampicin-based anti-TB treatment in living donor liver transplant recipients with active tuberculosis. Biomed J. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.010 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.010 pubmed: 35735082 pmcid: 9795343
Sun HY, Munoz P, Torre-Cisneros J, Aguado JM, Lattes R, Montejo M, Garcia-Reyne A, Bouza E, Valerio M, Lara R, John GT. Mycobacterium tuberculosis—associated immune reconstitution syndrome in solid-organ transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2013;95(9):1173–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31828719c8 .
doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31828719c8 pubmed: 23435454

Auteurs

Joy Kumar (J)

Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Shankar Prasad Nagaraju (SP)

Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Kavitha Saravu (K)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Dharshan Rangaswamy (D)

Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. doctor.dharshan@gmail.com.

Classifications MeSH