Observation of discrete-light temporal refraction by moving potentials with broken Galilean invariance.
Journal
Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Jun 2024
27 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
03
11
2023
accepted:
17
06
2024
medline:
28
6
2024
pubmed:
28
6
2024
entrez:
27
6
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Refraction is a basic beam bending effect at two media's interface. While traditional studies focus on stationary boundaries, moving boundaries or potentials could enable new laws of refractions. Meanwhile, media's discretization plays a pivotal role in refraction owing to Galilean invariance breaking principle in discrete-wave mechanics, making refraction highly moving-speed dependent. Here, by harnessing a synthetic temporal lattice in a fiber-loop circuit, we observe discrete time refraction by a moving gauge-potential barrier. We unveil the selection rules for the potential moving speed, which can only take an integer v = 1 or fractional v = 1/q (odd q) value to guarantee a well-defined refraction. We observe reflectionless/reflective refractions for v = 1 and v = 1/3 speeds, transparent potentials with vanishing refraction/reflection, refraction of dynamic moving potential and refraction for relativistic Zitterbewegung effect. Our findings may feature applications in versatile time control and measurement for optical communications and signal processing.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38937459
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49747-3
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-49747-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
5444Subventions
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
ID : 12374305
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
ID : 11974124
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
ID : 12204185
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
ID : 62305122
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
ID : 12021004
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Mendonça, J. T. & Shukla, P. K. Time refraction and time reflection: two basic concepts. Phys. Scr. 65, 160–163 (2002).
doi: 10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00160
Plansinis, B. W., Donaldson, W. R. & Agrawal, G. P. What is the temporal analog of reflection and refraction of optical beams? Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 183901 (2015).
pubmed: 26565467
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.183901
Moussa, H., Ra’di, Y., Xu, G., Yin, S. & Alù, A. Observation of temporal reflection and broadband frequency translation at photonic time interfaces. Nat. Phys. 19, 863–868 (2023).
doi: 10.1038/s41567-023-01975-y
Yin, S., Galiffi, E., Xu, G. & Alù, A. Scattering at Temporal Interfaces: an overview from an antennas and propagation engineering perspective. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 65, 21–28 (2023).
doi: 10.1109/MAP.2023.3254486
Galiffi, E. et al. Photonics of time-varying media. Adv. Photon. 4, 014002 (2022).
doi: 10.1117/1.AP.4.1.014002
Lustig, E. et al. Photonic time-crystals - fundamental concepts. Opt. Express 31, 9165–9170 (2023).
pubmed: 37157491
doi: 10.1364/OE.479367
Lustig, E., Sharabi, Y. & Segev, M. Topological aspects of photonic time crystals. Optica 5, 1390–1395 (2018).
doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.001390
Lyubarov, M. et al. Amplified emission and lasing in photonic time crystals. Science 377, 425–428 (2022).
pubmed: 35679355
doi: 10.1126/science.abo3324
Tsai, C. S. & Auld, B. A. Wave interactions with moving boundaries. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2106–2115 (1967).
doi: 10.1063/1.1709838
Ascoli, A., Bernasconi, C. & Cavalleri, G. Refraction and reflection of a nonrelativistic wave when the interface and the media are moving. Phys. Rev. E 54, 6 (1996).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.54.6291
Cavalleri, G. & Tonni, E. Refraction and reflection of a wave when the interface and the media are moving at relativistic speeds. Phys. Rev. E 57, 3 (1998).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.57.3478
Li, Z., Ma, X., Bahrami, A., Deck-Léger, Z.-L. & Caloz, C. Generalized total internal reflection at dynamic interfaces. Phys. Rev. B 107, 115129 (2023).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.107.115129
Safari, A., De Leon, I., Mirhosseini, M., Magana-Loaiza, O. S. & Boyd, R. W. Light-drag enhancement by a highly dispersive rubidium vapor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 013601 (2016).
pubmed: 26799017
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.013601
Kuan, P. C., Huang, C., Chan, W. S., Kosen, S. & Lan, S. Y. Large Fizeau’s light-dragging effect in a moving electromagnetically induced transparent medium. Nat. Commun. 7, 13030 (2016).
pubmed: 27694938
pmcid: 5063957
doi: 10.1038/ncomms13030
Franke-Arnold, S., Gibson, G., Boyd, R. W. & Padgett, M. J. Rotary photon drag enhanced by a slow-light medium. Science 333, 65–67 (2011).
pubmed: 21719672
doi: 10.1126/science.1203984
Schützhold, R. & Unruh, W. G. Hawking radiation in an electromagnetic waveguide? Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 031301 (2005).
pubmed: 16090733
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.031301
Philbin, T. G. et al. Fiber-optical analog of the event horizon. Science 319, 1367–1370 (2008).
pubmed: 18323448
doi: 10.1126/science.1153625
Wang, L., Troyer, M. & Dai, X. Topological charge pumping in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 026802 (2013).
pubmed: 23889428
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.026802
Nakajima, S. et al. Topological Thouless pumping of ultracold fermions. Nat. Phys. 12, 296–300 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nphys3622
Dong, Z. et al. Quantum time reflection and refraction of ultracold atoms. Nat. Photon. 18, 68–73 (2024).
Christodoulides, D. N., Lederer, F. & Silberberg, Y. Discretizing light behaviour in linear and nonlinear waveguide lattices. Nature 424, 817–823 (2003).
pubmed: 12917695
doi: 10.1038/nature01936
Rechtsman, M. C. et al. Negative Goos–Hänchen shift in periodic media. Opt. Lett. 36, 4446–4448 (2011).
pubmed: 22089592
doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004446
Cohen, M.-I. et al. Generalized laws of refraction and reflection at interfaces between different photonic artificial gauge fields. Light Sci. Appl. 9, 200 (2020).
pubmed: 33353936
pmcid: 7755922
doi: 10.1038/s41377-020-00411-7
Decoopman, T., Tayeb, G., Enoch, S., Maystre, D. & Gralak, B. Photonic crystal lens: from negative refraction and negative index to negative permittivity and permeability. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 073905 (2006).
pubmed: 17026231
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.073905
Gao, F. et al. Topologically protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals. Nat. Phys. 14, 140–144 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/nphys4304
Shelby, R. A., Smith, D. R. & Schultz, S. Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science 292, 77–79 (2001).
pubmed: 11292865
doi: 10.1126/science.1058847
High, A. A. et al. Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurface. Nature 522, 192–196 (2015).
pubmed: 26062510
doi: 10.1038/nature14477
Szameit, A. et al. Fresnel’s laws in discrete optical media. N. J. Phys. 10, 103020 (2008).
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/103020
Longhi, S. Reflectionless and invisible potentials in photonic lattices. Opt. Lett. 42, 3229–3232 (2017).
pubmed: 28809915
doi: 10.1364/OL.42.003229
Longhi, S. Refractionless propagation of discretized light. Opt. Lett. 42, 5086–5089 (2017).
pubmed: 29240143
doi: 10.1364/OL.42.005086
Longhi, S. Kramers-Kronig potentials for the discrete Schrödinger equation. Phys. Rev. A 96, 042106 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.96.042106
Longhi, S. Bound states of moving potential wells in discrete wave mechanics. EPL 120, 20007 (2017).
doi: 10.1209/0295-5075/120/20007
Guo, C., Cui, W. & Cai, Z. Localization of matter waves in lattice systems with moving disorder. Phys. Rev. A 107, 033330 (2023).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.107.033330
Rosen, G. Galilean invariance and the general covariance of nonrelativistic laws. Am. J. Phys. 40, 683–687 (1972).
doi: 10.1119/1.1986618
Wall, F. T. Discrete wave mechanics: An introduction. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5360–5363 (1986).
pubmed: 16593732
pmcid: 386285
doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.15.5360
Odake, S. & Sasaki, R. Discrete quantum mechanics. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44, 353001 (2011).
doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/44/35/353001
Im, K., Kang, J.-H. & Park, Q. H. Universal impedance matching and the perfect transmission of white light. Nat. Photon. 12, 143–149 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/s41566-018-0098-3
Horodynski, M., Kuhmayer, M., Ferise, C., Rotter, S. & Davy, M. Anti-reflection structure for perfect transmission through complex media. Nature 607, 281–286 (2022).
pubmed: 35831599
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04843-6
Horsley, S. A. R., Artoni, M. & La Rocca, G. C. Spatial Kramers–Kronig relations and the reflection of waves. Nat. Photon. 9, 436–439 (2015).
doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.106
Horsley, S. A. R. & Longhi, S. Spatiotemporal deformations of reflectionless potentials. Phys. Rev. A 96, 023841 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.96.023841
King, C. G., Horsley, S. A. R. & Philbin, T. G. Perfect transmission through disordered media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 163201 (2017).
pubmed: 28474922
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.163201
Lin, Z. et al. Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT-symmetric periodic structures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 213901 (2011).
pubmed: 21699297
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.213901
Feng, L. et al. Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity-time metamaterial at optical frequencies. Nat. Mater. 12, 108–113 (2013).
pubmed: 23178268
doi: 10.1038/nmat3495
Pendry, J. B., Schurig, D. & Smith, D. R. Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science 312, 1780–1782 (2006).
pubmed: 16728597
doi: 10.1126/science.1125907
Xu, L. & Chen, H. Conformal transformation optics. Nat. Photon. 9, 15–23 (2014).
doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.307
Bahat-Treidel, O. et al. Klein tunneling in deformed honeycomb lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 063901 (2010).
pubmed: 20366822
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.063901
Longhi, S. Klein tunneling in binary photonic superlattices. Phys. Rev. B 81, 075102 (2010).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.075102
Jiang, X. et al. Direct observation of Klein tunneling in phononic crystals. Science 370, 1447–1450 (2020).
pubmed: 33335060
doi: 10.1126/science.abe2011
Zhang, X. Observing Zitterbewegung for photons near the Dirac point of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 113903 (2008).
pubmed: 18517788
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.113903
Dreisow, F. et al. Classical simulation of relativistic Zitterbewegung in photonic lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143902 (2010).
pubmed: 21230830
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.143902
Regensburger, A. et al. Parity–time synthetic photonic lattices. Nature 488, 167–171 (2012).
pubmed: 22874962
doi: 10.1038/nature11298
Wimmer, M., Price, H. M., Carusotto, I. & Peschel, U. Experimental measurement of the Berry curvature from anomalous transport. Nat. Phys. 13, 545–550 (2017).
doi: 10.1038/nphys4050
Weidemann, S., Kremer, M., Longhi, S. & Szameit, A. Topological triple phase transition in non-Hermitian Floquet quasicrystals. Nature 601, 354–359 (2022).
pubmed: 35046602
pmcid: 8770143
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04253-0
Wang, S. et al. High-order dynamic localization and tunable temporal cloaking in ac-electric-field driven synthetic lattices. Nat. Commun. 13, 7653 (2022).
pubmed: 36496493
pmcid: 9741653
doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35398-9
Weidemann, S., Kremer, M., Longhi, S. & Szameit, A. Coexistence of dynamical delocalization and spectral localization through stochastic dissipation. Nat. Photon. 15, 576–581 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41566-021-00823-w
Ye, H. et al. Reconfigurable refraction manipulation at synthetic temporal interfaces with scalar and vector gauge potentials. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2300860120 (2023).
pubmed: 37155855
pmcid: 10193993
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2300860120
Aharonov, Y. & Bohm, D. Significance of electromagnetic potentials in the quantum theory. Phys. Rev. 115, 485–491 (1959).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.115.485
Fang, K., Yu, Z. & Fan, S. Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation. Nat. Photon. 6, 782–787 (2012).
doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.236
Qin, C. et al. Spectrum control through discrete frequency diffraction in the presence of photonic gauge potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 133901 (2018).
pubmed: 29694196
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.133901
Matveev, K. A. & Andreev, A. V. Two-fluid dynamics of one-dimensional quantum liquids in the absence of Galilean invariance. Phys. Rev. B 100, 035418 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.035418
Dikopoltsev, A. et al. Observation of Anderson localization beyond the spectrum of the disorder. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn7769 (2022).
pubmed: 35613273
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7769
Steinfurth, A. et al. Observation of photonic constant-intensity waves and induced transparency in tailored non-Hermitian lattices. Sci. Adv. 8, eabl7412 (2022).
pubmed: 35613272
pmcid: 9132439
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7412
Longhi, S. Inhibition of non-Hermitian topological phase transitions in sliding photonic quasicrystals. Opt. Lett. 48, 6251 (2023).
pubmed: 38039239
doi: 10.1364/OL.507937