The Influence of the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit and Components on Anticoagulation Management: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference.

To derive systematic-review informed, modified Delphi consensus regarding the influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit components on anticoagulation practices for pediatric ECMO for the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE. A structured literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2021. Management of ECMO anticoagulation in the setting of different ECMO circuit components. Two authors reviewed all citations independently, with a third independent reviewer resolving conflicts. Twenty-nine references were used for data extraction and informed recommendations, evidence-based consensus statements, and good practice statements. Evidence tables were constructed using a standardized data extraction form. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. The evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Forty-eight experts met over 2 years to develop evidence-based recommendations and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based consensus statements or good practice statements for the influence of ECMO circuit and components on anticoagulation management. A web-based modified Delphi process was used to build consensus via the Research And Development/University of California Appropriateness Method. Consensus was defined as greater than 80% agreement. One good practice statement, 2 weak recommendations, and 2 consensus statements are presented. The incorporation of new component technologies into clinical practice has outpaced clinical investigations of anticoagulation strategies for pediatric ECMO. Future investigations should leverage academic and industrial collaborations, translational platforms, and modern biostatistical methods to improve patient outcomes.

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Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Dr. Himebauch receives support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award number K23HL153759. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Dr. Said acknowledges research support from the Children’s Discovery Institute Faculty Development Award at Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. Turner is used by the American Board of Pediatrics, and the content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the American Board of Pediatrics. Drs. Muszynski, and Alexander received support for article research from the NIH. Dr. Alexander’s institution received funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R13HD104432), Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), and Novartis. Dr. Paden received funding from ELSO, he disclosed that he is past president and board member of ELSO, and he disclosed the off-label product use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.