Protein and fat intake impact on growth of primary school girls in Kerman, Iran.
Anthropometric indices
Fat
Kerman
Protein
Quality
Quantity
Student
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Jul 2024
03 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
06
08
2023
accepted:
26
06
2024
medline:
4
7
2024
pubmed:
4
7
2024
entrez:
3
7
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The school age period is characterized by significant physical and intellectual growth, necessitating the monitoring of macronutrient intake and its impact on weight and height. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the quality and quantity of protein and fat consumption with anthropometric indices in primary school girls in Kerman. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted on primary school girls aged 6-12 (n 330) from ten schools in Kerman, Iran. A validated and reliable dish-based 185-item food frequency questionnaire was used. We calculated the amount of proteins and fats as the percentage of daily calories and grams per day. Plant-based and animal-based proteins were used to assess the protein quality. To assess the fat quality, we considered trans fatty acids (TFA), cholesterol, vegetable oils, solid vegetable oils, animal oils, omega-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 PUFA, and (PUFAs + Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs))/Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), PUFAs/SFA, and (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). There was a significant positive association between height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and plant protein (p < 0.001) and vegetable oils (p = 0.038) after adjustment. In higher tertiles of animal protein, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) (p = 0.024) were significantly higher. A significant positive association was observed between omega-3 PUFA and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (p = 0.039) and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) (p = 0.016). Our study emphasizes the importance of monitoring protein and fat intake in primary school girls for optimal growth. Positive associations were found between plant-based protein, vegetable oils and HAZ, as well as animal protein and WAZ, highlighting the impact of protein quality on growth indicators.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38961253
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66001-4
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-66001-4
doi:
Substances chimiques
Dietary Fats
0
Dietary Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
15288Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
de Onis, M. Child growth and development. In Nutrition and Health in a Developing World. Nutrition and Health (eds de Pee, S. et al.) (Humana Press, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_6 .
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43739-2_6
Karim, A. & Qaisar, R. Anthropometric measurements of school-going-girls of the Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Pediatr. 20, 1–13 (2020).
doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02135-4
Xu, S. & Xue, Y. Pediatric obesity: Causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment. Exp. Ther. Med. 11(1), 15–20 (2016).
pubmed: 26834850
doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2853
Eslami, O., Khoshgoo, M. & Shidfar, F. Dietary phytochemical index and overweight/obesity in children: A cross-sectional study. BMC Res. Notes 13(1), 132 (2020).
pubmed: 32138761
pmcid: 7059655
doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-04979-6
Esfarjani, F., Roustaee, R., Mohammadi, F. & Esmaillzadeh, A. Determinants of stunting in school-aged children of Tehran, Iran. Int. J. Prev. Med. 4(2), 173 (2013).
pubmed: 23543188
pmcid: 3604849
Black, R. E. et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 382(9890), 427–451 (2013).
pubmed: 23746772
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Gholami, M., Dehghan, A., Kargar, N., Mohammadi, P. & Moosazadeh, M. Prevalence of malnutrition in children 7–12 years old in Kerman, 2013. J. Community Health Res. 2(4), 261–266 (2014).
Benetou, V. et al. Diet-related behaviors and diet quality among school-aged adolescents living in Greece. Nutrients 12(12), 3804 (2020).
pubmed: 33322459
pmcid: 7763124
doi: 10.3390/nu12123804
Naeeni, M. M. et al. Nutritional knowledge, practice, and dietary habits among school children and adolescents. Int. J. Prev. Med. 5(Suppl 2), S171 (2014).
pubmed: 26157569
pmcid: 4476009
doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.157687
Zarnowiecki, D. et al. A systematic evaluation of digital nutrition promotion websites and apps for supporting parents to influence children’s nutrition. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 17, 1–19 (2020).
doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-0915-1
Mahan, L. K. & Escott-Stump, S. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, and Diet Therapy Vol. 11 (Saunders, 2004).
Moussavi Javardi, M. S., Madani, Z., Movahedi, A., Karandish, M. & Abbasi, B. The correlation between dietary fat quality indices and lipid profile with Atherogenic index of plasma in obese and non-obese volunteers: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study. Lipids Health Dis. 19, 1–9 (2020).
doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01387-4
Ahmadi, A., Moazen, M., Mosallaei, Z., Mohammadbeigi, A. & Amin-lari, F. Nutrient intake and growth indices for children at kindergartens in Shiraz, Iran. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 1, 3 (2014).
Pourhashemi, J. S., Motlagh, G. M., Khaniki, J. R. G. & Golestan, B. Nutritional assessment of macronutrients in primary school children and its association with anthropometric indices and oral health. Pak. J. Nutr. 6(6), 687–692 (2007).
doi: 10.3923/pjn.2007.687.692
Ahmadi, E., Tehrani, A. R. & Ahmadi, A. Prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight among elementary school children in southern Iran, 2009. Am. J. Appl. Sci. 7(11), 1439–1442 (2010).
doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.1439.1442
Craig, C. L. et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35(8), 1381–1395 (2003).
pubmed: 12900694
doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
Garmaroudi, G. R. & Moradi, A. Socio-economic status in Iran: A study of measurement index. Payesh Health Monit. 9(2), 137–144 (2010).
de Onis, M. et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull. World Health Organ. 85(9), 660–667 (2007).
pubmed: 18026621
pmcid: 2636412
doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.043497
Saint-Maurice, P. F., Welk, G. J., Beyler, N. K., Bartee, R. T. & Heelan, K. A. Calibration of self-report tools for physical activity research: The Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). BMC Public Health 14, 461. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-461 (2014).
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-461
pubmed: 24886625
pmcid: 4055223
World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee (World Health Organization, 2010).
Julibert, A. et al. Total and subtypes of dietary fat intake and its association with components of the metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Nutrients 11(7), 1493 (2019).
pubmed: 31261967
pmcid: 6682917
doi: 10.3390/nu11071493
Raymond, J. L. & Morrow, K. Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16e, E-Book (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2022).
Koletzko, B., Demmelmair, H., Grote, V., Prell, C. & Weber, M. High Protein Intake in Young Children and Increased Weight Gain and Obesity Risk Vol. 103, 303–304 (Oxford University Press, 2016).
Markides, B. R., Crixell, S. H. & de Gruy Page, J. High protein intake among preschoolers in childcare in a region at elevated risk for obesity. Matern. Child Health J. 24, 1008–1018 (2020).
pubmed: 32361834
doi: 10.1007/s10995-020-02935-1
Duckworth, L. C. et al. RCT of a high-protein diet on hunger motivation and weight-loss in obese children: An extension and replication. Obesity 17(9), 1808–1810 (2009).
pubmed: 19343014
doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.95
Kaimila, Y. et al. Consumption of animal-source protein is associated with improved height-for-age z scores in rural Malawian children aged 12–36 months. Nutrients 11(2), 480 (2019).
pubmed: 30823563
pmcid: 6413013
doi: 10.3390/nu11020480
Thomas, T., Singh, M., Swaminathan, S. & Kurpad, A. V. Age-related differences in height gain with dairy protein and micronutrient supplements in Indian primary school children. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 29(2), 355–362 (2020).
pubmed: 32674243
Dor, C., Stark, A. H., Dichtiar, R., Keinan-Boker, L. & Sinai, T. Non-dairy animal protein consumption is positively associated with overweight and obesity in Israeli adolescents. Foods 11(14), 2072 (2022).
pubmed: 35885315
pmcid: 9317251
doi: 10.3390/foods11142072
Hemler, E. C. et al. Associations of percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein with overweight/obesity and underweight among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr. 25(11), 3107–3120 (2022).
pubmed: 35570670
doi: 10.1017/S1368980022001100
Sherwood, N. E., Jeffery, R. W., French, S. A., Hannan, P. J. & Murray, D. M. Predictors of weight gain in the Pound of Prevention study. Int. J. Obes. 24(4), 395–403 (2000).
doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801169
Appiah, C. A., Steiner-Asiedu, M. & Otoo, G. E. Predictors of overweight/obesity in urban Ghanaian women. Int. J. Clin. Nutr. 2(3), 60–68 (2014).
Field, A. E., Willett, W. C., Lissner, L. & Colditz, G. A. Dietary fat and weight gain among women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Obesity 15(4), 967–976 (2007).
pubmed: 17426332
doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.616
Adjepong, M. et al. Association of whole blood n-6 fatty acids with stunting in 2-to-6-year-old Northern Ghanaian children: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 13(3), e0193301 (2018).
pubmed: 29494645
pmcid: 5832227
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193301
Traber, M. G. Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: Causes and consequences. Adv. Nutr. 5, 503–514 (2014).
pubmed: 25469382
pmcid: 4188222
doi: 10.3945/an.114.006254
Rosado, J. L. Separate and joint effects of micronutrient deficiencies on linear growth. J. Nutr. 129, 531S-533S (1999).
pubmed: 10064325
doi: 10.1093/jn/129.2.531S
Kim, K. et al. Nutritional adequacy and diet quality are associated with standardized height-for-age among U.S. children. Nutrients 13(5), 1689 (2021).
pubmed: 34065650
pmcid: 8156872
doi: 10.3390/nu13051689
Gutin, B., Stallmann-Jorgensen, I. S., Le, A. H., Johnson, M. H. & Dong, Y. Relations of diet and physical activity to bone mass and height in black and white adolescents. Pediatr. Rep. 3, e10 (2011).
pubmed: 21772947
pmcid: 3133492
doi: 10.4081/pr.2011.e10
van Stuijvenberg, M. E. et al. Low intake of calcium and vitamin D, but not zinc, iron or vitamin A, is associated with stunting in 2- to 5-year-old children. Nutrition 31, 841–846 (2015).
pubmed: 25933491
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.011
Delpino, F. M. & Figueiredo, L. M. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on lean body mass in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 1636–1645 (2022).
pubmed: 35173292
doi: 10.1038/s41430-022-01100-x
Iso, H. et al. Intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of stroke in women. JAMA 285(3), 304–312 (2001).
pubmed: 11176840
doi: 10.1001/jama.285.3.304
Scaglioni, S. et al. Plasma long-chain fatty acids and the degree of obesity in Italian children. Acta Paediatr. 95(8), 964–969 (2006).
pubmed: 16882570
doi: 10.1080/08035250600764834
Garemo, M., Lenner, R. A. & Strandvik, B. Swedish pre-school children eat too much junk food and sucrose. Acta Paediatr. 96(2), 266–272 (2007).
pubmed: 17429918
doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00093.x
Rafraf, M., Mohammadi, E., Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. & Farzadi, L. Omega-3 fatty acids improve glucose metabolism without effects on obesity values and serum visfatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 31(5), 361–368 (2012).
pubmed: 23529993
doi: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720443
Svensson, V. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids does not affect physical activity and body weight in primary school children—A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 12725 (2018).
pubmed: 30143730
pmcid: 6109046
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31229-4
Jannati, N., Mohammadi-Faez, R., Mahmoodi, M. R. & Azadbakht, L. Association between quality and quantity of carbohydrate intake with selected anthropometric indices among primary school girls in Kerman city, Iran: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 24(1), 267 (2024).
pubmed: 38658854
pmcid: 11040773
doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-04739-6