Structure and Function of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase, a Transmembrane Complex Catalyzing GPI Anchoring of Proteins.
GPI attachment
GPI transamidase
GPI-AP biosynthesis
GPI-T structure
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring
Membrane complex
Journal
Sub-cellular biochemistry
ISSN: 0306-0225
Titre abrégé: Subcell Biochem
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0316571
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2024
2024
Historique:
medline:
4
7
2024
pubmed:
4
7
2024
entrez:
4
7
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play critical roles in enzymatic, signaling, regulatory, and adhesion processes. Over 20 enzymes are involved in GPI synthesis, attachment to client proteins, and remodeling after attachment. The GPI transamidase (GPI-T), a large complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, catalyzes the attachment step by replacing a C-terminal signal peptide of proproteins with GPI. In the last three decades, extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism of the transamidation reaction, the components of the GPI-T complex, the role of each subunit, and the substrate specificity. Two recent studies have reported the three-dimensional architecture of GPI-T, which represent the first structures of the pathway. The structures provide detailed mechanisms for assembly that rationalizes previous biochemical results and subunit-dependent stability data. While the structural data confirm the catalytic role of PIGK, which likely uses a caspase-like mechanism to cleave the proproteins, they suggest that unlike previously proposed, GPAA1 is not a catalytic subunit. The structures also reveal a shared cavity for GPI binding. Somewhat unexpectedly, PIGT, a single-pass membrane protein, plays a crucial role in GPI recognition. Consistent with the assembly mechanisms and the active site architecture, most of the disease mutations occur near the active site or the subunit interfaces. Finally, the catalytic dyad is located ~22 Å away from the membrane interface of the GPI-binding site, and this architecture may confer substrate specificity through topological matching between the substrates and the elongated active site. The research conducted thus far sheds light on the intricate processes involved in GPI anchoring and paves the way for further mechanistic studies of GPI-T.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38963495
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_16
doi:
Substances chimiques
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
0
transamidases
EC 2.3.2.-
Aminoacyltransferases
EC 2.3.2.-
COOH-terminal signal transamidase
EC 2.3.2.-
Acyltransferases
EC 2.3.-
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
425-458Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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