Toxicological risk assessment using spring water quality indices in plateaus of Giresun Province/Türkiye: a holistic hydrogeochemical data analysis.
spring water quality
Arsenic
Cancerogenic risk
Giresun
Health risk assessment
Toxic metals
Journal
Environmental geochemistry and health
ISSN: 1573-2983
Titre abrégé: Environ Geochem Health
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8903118
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Jul 2024
05 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
02
04
2024
accepted:
25
05
2024
medline:
5
7
2024
pubmed:
5
7
2024
entrez:
5
7
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Water scarcity is a growing concern due to rapid urbanization and population growth. This study assesses spring water quality at 20 stations in Giresun province, Türkiye, focusing on potentially toxic elements and physicochemical parameters. The Water Quality Index rated most samples as "excellent" during the rainy season and "good" during the dry season, except at stations 4 (40° 35' 12″ North/38° 26' 34″ East) and 19 (40° 44' 28″ North/38° 06' 53″ West), indicating "poor" quality. Mean macro-element concentrations (mg/L) were: Ca (34.27), Na (10.36), Mg (8.26), and K (1.48). Mean trace element values (μg/L) were: Al (1093), Zn (110.54), Fe (67.45), Mn (23.03), Cu (9.79), As (3.75), Ni (3.00), Cr (2.84), Pb (2.70), Co (1.93), and Cd (0.76). Health risk assessments showed minimal non-carcinogenic risks, while carcinogenic risk from arsenic slightly exceeded safe limits (CR = 1.75E-04). Higher arsenic concentrations during the rainy season were due to increased recharge, arsenic-laden surface runoff, and human activities. Statistical analyses (PCA, PCC, HCA) suggested that metals and physico-chemical parameters originated from lithogenic, anthropogenic, or mixed sources. Regular monitoring of spring water is recommended to mitigate potential public health risks from waterborne contaminants.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38967745
doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02054-8
pii: 10.1007/s10653-024-02054-8
doi:
Substances chimiques
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Trace Elements
0
Metals, Heavy
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
285Subventions
Organisme : Scientific Research Unit of Giresun University
ID : FEN-BAP-C-281119-75
Organisme : Scientific Research Unit of Giresun University
ID : FEN-BAP-C-281119-75
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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