Influence of polyploidy on morphology and distribution of the Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias, Euphorbiaceae).

Distribution range elevational distribution morphology polyploidy relative genome size whole genome duplication

Journal

Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)

ISSN: 1438-8677

Titre abrégé: Plant Biol (Stuttg)

Pays: England

ID NLM: 101148926

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
09 Jul 2024

Historique:

received: 03 03 2024

accepted: 26 05 2024

medline: 9 7 2024

pubmed: 9 7 2024

entrez: 9 7 2024

Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Polyploidy can cause differences in phenotypic and physiological traits among different cytotypes of the same species. Polyploids may have larger organs or occupy different ecological niches than their diploid counterparts, therefore they are hypothesized to have larger distributions or prosper in stressful environments, such as higher elevations. The Cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.; Euphorbiaceae) is a widespread European heteroploid species including di- (2x), tetra- (4x) and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes. We tested the hypotheses that polyploids are more widespread and more abundant at higher elevations and have larger organs than their diploid ancestors in the case of E. cyparissias. We also analysed whether genome downsizing had occurred after polyploidisation. We conducted a comprehensive geographic sampling of 617 populations of E. cyparissias throughout Europe. We estimated their relative genome size using flow cytometry and inferred ploidy level of each population. We scored 13 morphological traits of vegetative and seed characters and performed statistical analyses. The study indicates that polyploidisation facilitated colonisation of new areas in E. cyparissias, where the tetraploids are most widespread, whereas the diploids are limited to putative Pleistocene refugia, mostly in southern Europe. On the other hand, the three ploidies do not differ in their elevational distribution. Although some quantitative morphological traits exhibited an increasing trend with increasing ploidy, most traits did not differ significantly among the three ploidies, and there was no overall phenotypic differentiation among them. Given that individuals of different ploidies thrive in similar habitats across the same elevations, we suggest that ecological segregation following polyploidisation is a more important trigger for morphological differentiation than polyploidisation itself in autopolyploid plants. The study demonstrates that polyploidisation can be crucial for the colonisation of new areas and for range expansion, but it does not necessarily influence elevational distribution nor confer a different phenotype.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1111/plb.13685 PMID: 38979801

pubmed: 38979801

doi: 10.1111/plb.13685

doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

Subventions

Organisme : Slovenian Research Agency

ID : BI-AT/23-24-023

Organisme : Austria's Agency for Education and Internationalisation (ÖAD)

ID : SI 06/2023

Informations de copyright

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