Changes in the gut microbiota of pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare autosomal disorder with a variable phenotype that may be modulated by environmental factors. Plasma vitamin K (VK) levels may be involved in the ectopic calcification process observed in PXE. Since VK2 is predominantly produced by the gut microbiota, we hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiota of PXE patients might exacerbate the calcification process and disease symptoms. Twenty PXE patients were included in the study and 60 gut microbiota profiles from the Biofortis laboratory database were used as controls. The Rhodospirillaceae family was more abundant in the PXE group while the Sphingomonadaceae family was more abundant in the control group. In a PXE severity subgroup analysis, microbiota dispersion was lower in "severe" than in "non-severe" patients, which was confirmed by permutation multivariate analysis of variance at the phylum, family and genus ranks. However, no significant association was found in a model incorporating relative abundance of bacterial families, severity score, and different blood and fecal VK species. These results suggest slight compositional changes in the gut microbiota of PXE patients. Further studies are needed to substantiate their impact on VK metabolism and the calcification process.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.