Exploring food consumption patterns in the province of Kenitra, Northwest of Morocco.
Food consumption patterns
Kenitra province
Mediterranean diet
Morocco
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Jul 2024
16 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
27
03
2024
accepted:
02
07
2024
medline:
17
7
2024
pubmed:
17
7
2024
entrez:
16
7
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Morocco is currently undergoing rapid changes in diets and lifestyles, influenced by globalization and urbanization, leading to a shift away from the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) toward Western diets. Describe and explore the food consumption patterns of the population of Kenitra province and their adherence to the MedDiet using a validated survey. The current cross-sectional study involved 442 respondents from Kenitra province, comprising individuals aged 18 and above. The survey included a combination of closed and open-ended questions regarding food consumption patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Panagiotakos method to calculate the MedDiet score (MDS). Additionally, each participant's adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using a method based on Martínez-González's approach. The results indicate that 31% of the participants eat vegetables, 28% eat fruits, and 19% eat wholegrain bread daily. Furthermore, 58% regularly use olive oil in their cooking. Eating out of home (OOH) was high, with popular places being restaurants and cafes (70%), fast food outlets (20%), and workplace canteens (7%). Overall, participants showed moderate adherence to the MedDiet, with a mean MDS of 36.3 ± 19.7. Promoting healthy eating habits is crucial in Kenitra. With moderate consumption of nutrient-dense foods and the popularity of the MedDiet, targeted interventions and educational initiatives can promote healthy dietary behaviors, improving overall public health.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Morocco is currently undergoing rapid changes in diets and lifestyles, influenced by globalization and urbanization, leading to a shift away from the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) toward Western diets.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Describe and explore the food consumption patterns of the population of Kenitra province and their adherence to the MedDiet using a validated survey.
METHOD
METHODS
The current cross-sectional study involved 442 respondents from Kenitra province, comprising individuals aged 18 and above. The survey included a combination of closed and open-ended questions regarding food consumption patterns and socio-demographic characteristics. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Panagiotakos method to calculate the MedDiet score (MDS). Additionally, each participant's adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using a method based on Martínez-González's approach.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The results indicate that 31% of the participants eat vegetables, 28% eat fruits, and 19% eat wholegrain bread daily. Furthermore, 58% regularly use olive oil in their cooking. Eating out of home (OOH) was high, with popular places being restaurants and cafes (70%), fast food outlets (20%), and workplace canteens (7%). Overall, participants showed moderate adherence to the MedDiet, with a mean MDS of 36.3 ± 19.7.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Promoting healthy eating habits is crucial in Kenitra. With moderate consumption of nutrient-dense foods and the popularity of the MedDiet, targeted interventions and educational initiatives can promote healthy dietary behaviors, improving overall public health.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39014347
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19335-7
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-19335-7
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1899Subventions
Organisme : H2020 ERA-NETs SUSFOOD2 and CORE Organic Cofunds
ID : 9386854 SF-CO/SysOrg/6/2021 34009-20-1694
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Rivera Medina C, Briones Urbano M, de Jesús Espinosa A, Toledo López Á. Eating habits Associated with Nutrition-related knowledge among University Students Enrolled in Academic Programs Related To Nutrition and Culinary Arts in Puerto Rico. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051408 . Published 2020 May 14.
doi: 10.3390/nu12051408
pubmed: 32422880
pmcid: 7285020
Kabir A, Miah S, Islam A. Factors influencing eating behavior and dietary intake among resident students in a public university in Bangladesh: A qualitative study. PLoS One. 2018;13(6): e0198801. Published 2018 Jun 19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198801 .
Sofi F, Macchi C, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. MedDiet and health status: an updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(12):2769–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013003169 .
doi: 10.1017/S1368980013003169
pubmed: 24476641
Guasch-Ferré M, Willett WC. The MedDiet and health: a comprehensive overview. J Intern Med. 2021;290(3):549–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13333 .
doi: 10.1111/joim.13333
pubmed: 34423871
Serra-Majem L, Tomaino L, Dernini S, et al. Updating the MedDiet pyramid towards sustainability: focus on environmental concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):8758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238758 . Published 2020 Nov 25.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238758
pubmed: 33255721
pmcid: 7728084
Allali F. Evolution des pratiques alimentaires Au Maroc. Int J Med Surg. 2017;4(1):70–3. https://doi.org/10.15342/ijms.v4is.145 .
doi: 10.15342/ijms.v4is.145
Khalis M, Garcia-LarsenV, Charaka H, Sidi Deoula MM, El Kinany K, Benslimane A, El Rhazi K. Update of the Moroccan food composition tables: towards a more reliable tool for nutrition research. J Food Compos Anal. 2019;103397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103397 .
Springmann M, Wiebe K, Mason-D’Croz D, Sulser TB, Rayner M, Scarborough P. Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail. Lancet Planet Health. 2018;2(10):e451–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30206-7 .
doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30206-7
pubmed: 30318102
pmcid: 6182055
Beard JR, Officer A, de Carvalho IA, Sadana R, Pot AM, Michel JP, Lloyd-Sherlock P, Epping-Jordan JE, Peeters G, Mahanani WR, et al. The World report on ageing and health: a policy framework for healthy ageing. Lancet. 2016;387:2145–54.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4
pubmed: 26520231
Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2599–608.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa025039
pubmed: 12826634
Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Gialluisi A, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Mediterranean diet and mortality in the elderly: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2018;120:841–54.
doi: 10.1017/S0007114518002179
pubmed: 30157978
Dinu M, Pagliai G, Casini A, Sofi F. Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72:30–43.
doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.58
pubmed: 28488692
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Gea A, Ruiz-Canela M. The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res. 2019;124:779–98.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313348
pubmed: 30817261
Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Konig J, Hoffmann G. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18:1292–129.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980014001542
pubmed: 25145972
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Med. 2015;4:1933–47.
doi: 10.1002/cam4.539
pubmed: 26471010
pmcid: 5123783
Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Dietary approaches and supplements in the Prevention of Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22:688–700.
doi: 10.2174/1381612822666151204000733
pubmed: 26635270
Valls-Pedret C, Sala-Vila A, Serra-Mir M, Corella D, de la Torre R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Fito M, Perez-Heras A, Salas-Salvado J, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive decline: a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:1094–103.
doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668
pubmed: 25961184
Lai JS, Hiles S, Bisquera A, Hure AJ, McEvoy M, Attia J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:181–97.
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069880
pubmed: 24196402
Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvado J, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Covas MI, Fiol M, Gomez-Gracia E, Lopez-Sabater MC, Vinyoles E, et al. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:1–11.
doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00004
pubmed: 16818923
Fito M, Guxens M, Corella D, Saez G, Estruch R, de la Torre R, Frances F, Cabezas C, Lopez-Sabater Mdel C, Marrugat J, et al. Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1195–203.
doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.11.1195
pubmed: 17563030
Schwingshackl L, Morze J, Hoffmann G. Mediterranean diet and health status: active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;177(6):1241–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14778 .
doi: 10.1111/bph.14778
pubmed: 31243760
Neuhouser ML. The importance of healthy dietary patterns in chronic disease prevention. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) vol. 70 (2019): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.002 .
Bøhn SK, Myhrstad MC, Thoresen M, et al. Blood cell gene expression associated with cellular stress defense is modulated by antioxidant-rich food in a randomised controlled clinical trial of male smokers. BMC Med. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-54 . 8:54. Published 2010 Sep 16.
doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-54
pubmed: 20846424
pmcid: 2955589
Nyanchoka MA, van Stuijvenberg ME, Tambe AB, Zuma MK, Mbhenyane XG. Fruit and vegetable consumption patterns and risk of chronic diseases of Lifestyle among University students in Kenya. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(12):6965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19126965 . Published 2022 Jun 7.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19126965
pubmed: 35742215
pmcid: 9222637
Hartley L, Igbinedion E, Holmes J, Flowers N, Thorogood M, Clarke A, Stranges S, Hooper L, Rees K. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6CD009874. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009874.pub2 .
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Health Survey: Consumption of Food Groups from the Australian Dietary Guidelines. 2012; [(accessed on 2 June 2023)]; https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/lookup/by%20subject/4364.0.55.012~2011-12~main%20features~grains~16 .
Khalidi H, Mohtadi K, Msaad R, Benalioua N, Lebrazi H, Kettani A, et al. The association between nutritional knowledge and eating habits among a representative adult population in Casablanca City. Morocco Nutr Clin Métabolisme. 2022;36:182–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2022.04.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.04.002
Barakat I, El Fane H, Daif H, Elayachi M, Belahsen R. Eating out-of-home and associated nutritional status of an adult population from Rabat-Salé-Kenitra region of Morocco. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2020;5(4):53–8.
Erahioui R, Jaber H, Inekach S, Rhaim N, Mennane Z, Ouhssine M. Food habits of the population of Kenitra city. Mediterranean J Chem. 2020;10(8):828–35. https://doi.org/10.13171/mjc10802011041527re .
doi: 10.13171/mjc10802011041527re
Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Dietary patterns: a MedDiet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16:559–68.
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.08.006
pubmed: 17126772
Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ros E, Covas MI, Fiol M, et al. Cohort profile: design and methods of the PREDIMED study. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:377–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq250 .
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq250
pubmed: 21172932
FAO. Profil Nutritionnel Du Maroc. Division de la nutrition et de la protection des consommateurs; 2011.
Harris J, de Steenhuijsen Piters B, McMullin S, Bajwa B, de Jager I, Brouwer ID. Fruits and vegetables for healthy diets: priorities for Food System Research and Action. In: von Braun J, Afsana K, Fresco LO, Hassan MHA, editors. Science and innovations for Food systems Transformation. Volume 2. Cham (CH): Springer; 2023. pp. 87–104.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_6
Alsunni AA, Badar A. Fruit and vegetable consumption and its determinants among Saudi university. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2015;201–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.1 .
Stea TH, Nordheim O, Bere E, Stornes P, Eikemo TA. Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation-A cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0232521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232521 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232521
pubmed: 32401798
pmcid: 7219700
Bellisle F, Hébel P, Colin J, Reyé B, Hopkins S. Consumption of whole grains in French children, adolescents and adults. Br J Nutr. 2014;112(10):1674–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514002670 .
doi: 10.1017/S0007114514002670
pubmed: 25300424
pmcid: 4234471
WHO. (2003). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Tech. Rep. 916. Geneva. Switzerland.
Basu S. The transitional dynamics of caloric ecosystems: changes in the food supply around the world. Crit Public Health. 2015;25(3):248–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.040 .
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.040
pubmed: 29568162
Qian F, Riddle MC, Wylie-Rosett J, Hu FB. Red and processed meats and Health risks: how strong is the evidence? Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):265–71. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0063 .
doi: 10.2337/dci19-0063
pubmed: 31959642
pmcid: 6971786
Belloute R, Diouri M. Consumption habits in Morocco and their influencing factors. Int J Sci Res. 2015;4:52–6.
Mohtadi K, Msaad R, Benalioua N et al. Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Adherence to MedDiet in Representative Adult Population in Casablanca City, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Metab. 2020; 2020:3105271. Published 2020 Mar 20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3105271 .
Górska-Warsewicz H, Rejman K, Laskowski W, Czeczotko M. Milk and dairy products and their nutritional contribution to the average Polish Diet. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1771. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081771 . Published 2019 Aug 1.
doi: 10.3390/nu11081771
pubmed: 31374893
pmcid: 6723869
Caroli A, Poli A, Ricotta D, Banfi G, Cocchi D. Invited review: dairy intake and bone health: a viewpoint from the state of the art. J Dairy Sci. 2011;94(11):5249–62. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4578 .
doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4578
pubmed: 22032348
United States Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for americans. Washington, DC: USDA; 2010.
Thorning TK, Raben A, Tholstrup T, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Givens I, Astrup A. Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence. Food Nutr Res. 2016;60. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32527 .:32527. Published 2016 Nov 22.
NSSA and FIMALAIT reassure about the. quality and benefits of milk and dairy products in Morocco; PRESS RELEASE No. 06/2017 https://www.onssa.gov.ma/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ONSSA_CP-N6-Bienfaits-du-lait-Fr-VF.pdf .
Fujii H, Nishimoto N, Yamaguchi S, et al. The Alcohol Use disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) is more useful than pre-existing laboratory tests for predicting hazardous drinking: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:379. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3053-6 .
doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3053-6
pubmed: 27165437
pmcid: 4862044
World Health Organization (WHO). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2018.
Pant A, Gribbin S, McIntyre D, Trivedi R, Marschner S, Laranjo L, Mamas MA, Flood V, Chow CK, Zaman S. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a MedDiet: systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2023. 2023;109:1208–15. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321930 .
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321930
Ventriglio A, Sancassiani F, Contu MP, Latorre M, Di Slavatore M, Fornaro M, Bhugra D. MedDiet and its benefits on Health and Mental Health: A literature review. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health. Volume 16. CP & EMH; 2020. pp. 156–64. Suppl-1 https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010156 .
Papadaki A, Wood L, Sebire SJ, Jago R. Adherence to the MedDiet among employees in South West England: formative research to inform a web-based, work-place nutrition intervention. Prev Med Rep. 2015;2:223–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.03.009
pubmed: 26844075
pmcid: 4721278
Kapelios CJ, Kyriazis I, Ioannidis I, Dimosthenopoulos C, Hatziagelaki E, Liatis S, PERSEAS Study Group. Diet, life-style and cardiovascular morbidity in the rural, free-living population of Elafonisos island. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:147.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4053-x
pubmed: 28143598
pmcid: 5286858
Pehlivanoğlu EFÖ, Balcıoğlu H, Ünlüoğlu İ. The validity and reliability of the adaptation of the Mediterranean diet adherence scale to Turkish. Osmangazi Med J. 2020;42:160–4. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.504188 .
doi: 10.20515/otd.504188
El Kinany K, Mint Sidi Deoula M, Hatime Z, et al. Modified MedDiet score adapted to a southern Mediterranean population and its relation to overweight and obesity risk. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(13):4064–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020002062 .
doi: 10.1017/S1368980020002062
pubmed: 32723406
Obeid CA, Gubbels JS, Jaalouk D, Kremers SPJ, Oenema A. Adherence to the MedDiet among adults in Mediterranean countries: a systematic literature review. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(7):3327–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02885-0 .
doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02885-0
pubmed: 35451614
pmcid: 9026058
Janssen HG, Davies IG, Richardson LD, Stevenson L. Determinants of takeaway and fast-food consumption: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev. 2018;31(1):16–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422417000178 .
doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000178
pubmed: 29037273
Bandoni DH, Canella DS, Levy RB, Jaime PC. Eating out or in from home: analyzing the quality of meal according eating locations. Rev Nutr. 2013;26(6):625–32. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732013000600002 .
doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732013000600002
Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D, Laska MN, Story M. Young adults and eating away from home: associations with dietary intake patterns and weight status differ by choice of restaurant. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(11):1696–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.007
pubmed: 22027052
pmcid: 3230226