Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Ghana.
Ghana
case–control
cervical cancer
cofactors
risk factors
Journal
Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)
ISSN: 2573-8348
Titre abrégé: Cancer Rep (Hoboken)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101747728
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2024
Jun 2024
Historique:
revised:
14
05
2024
received:
26
02
2024
accepted:
21
05
2024
medline:
20
7
2024
pubmed:
20
7
2024
entrez:
20
7
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The major burden of cervical cancer occurs in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, it is the second most common cancer among women. Infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) has been established as the cause of cervical cancer. As such, it is important to identify risk factors that may affect progression from HPV infection to cancer. We assessed the risk factors assocaited with cervical cancer in Ghana. To identify the risk factors for cervical cancer, we conducted an unmatched case-control study in two hospitals in Ghana where most cervical cancer cases are diagnosed. Women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer were the cases, whereas women without cancer seeking care at the two hospitals were controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the women, after which cervical samples were sent for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing. Overall, 206 cases and 230 controls were recruited. After adjusting for possible confounders, women with the highest educational level had a significantly lower risk of cervical cancer than those with no or little formal education. Parity was a major risk factor (odd ratio [OR] for five or more children = 7.9; 95% CI: 2.3-27.6), with risk increasing with increasing parity (p for trend <0.001). Women reporting the use of a homemade sanitary towel during menstruation also had an increased risk of cervical cancer compared with women who used a pad (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 2.5-22.0). In this Ghanaian population, high parity and poor personal hygienic conditions were the main contributing factors to the risk of cervical cancer after adjustment for the presence of high-risk HPV genotypes.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The major burden of cervical cancer occurs in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, it is the second most common cancer among women. Infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) has been established as the cause of cervical cancer. As such, it is important to identify risk factors that may affect progression from HPV infection to cancer.
AIMS
OBJECTIVE
We assessed the risk factors assocaited with cervical cancer in Ghana.
METHODS
METHODS
To identify the risk factors for cervical cancer, we conducted an unmatched case-control study in two hospitals in Ghana where most cervical cancer cases are diagnosed. Women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer were the cases, whereas women without cancer seeking care at the two hospitals were controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the women, after which cervical samples were sent for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) testing.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Overall, 206 cases and 230 controls were recruited. After adjusting for possible confounders, women with the highest educational level had a significantly lower risk of cervical cancer than those with no or little formal education. Parity was a major risk factor (odd ratio [OR] for five or more children = 7.9; 95% CI: 2.3-27.6), with risk increasing with increasing parity (p for trend <0.001). Women reporting the use of a homemade sanitary towel during menstruation also had an increased risk of cervical cancer compared with women who used a pad (OR: 7.3; 95% CI: 2.5-22.0).
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
In this Ghanaian population, high parity and poor personal hygienic conditions were the main contributing factors to the risk of cervical cancer after adjustment for the presence of high-risk HPV genotypes.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e2124Subventions
Organisme : the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine
Organisme : the Directors' Cancer Research Trust
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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