Using structural topic modeling to understand ethnicity-related narratives.
STM
agency
communion
ethnic identity
narrative identity
Journal
Journal of personality
ISSN: 1467-6494
Titre abrégé: J Pers
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2985194R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 Jul 2024
23 Jul 2024
Historique:
revised:
10
07
2024
received:
25
10
2023
accepted:
12
07
2024
medline:
23
7
2024
pubmed:
23
7
2024
entrez:
23
7
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Narrative identity is a promising approach for understanding the content of individuals' ethnic identities but can be limited by the time-intensive nature of human coding and the reliance on preestablished coding systems. The aim of our preregistered study is to elucidate the content of individuals' ethnicity-related experiences using a novel statistical approach. We applied structural topic modeling (STM), a natural language processing tool, to narratives written by an ethnically diverse sample of 1149 young adults about a moment they felt aware of their ethnicity. We identified 14 topics within ethnicity narratives and analyzed how each topic related to both the participant's ethnicity and the human-coded themes of agency and communion. For example, the topic Gained perspective of structural inequality was associated with greater agency, whereas Peer dynamics was associated with greater communion. Ethnic/cultural celebration was associated with both. This study introduces STM as a useful tool for extracting topic content in narrative data and demonstrates how the multi-method assessment of ethnicity narratives provides greater insight into the content of ethnic experiences. These findings contribute to our understanding of contextualized aspects of personality, including the innovative ways we might examine them.
Sections du résumé
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Narrative identity is a promising approach for understanding the content of individuals' ethnic identities but can be limited by the time-intensive nature of human coding and the reliance on preestablished coding systems.
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The aim of our preregistered study is to elucidate the content of individuals' ethnicity-related experiences using a novel statistical approach.
METHOD
METHODS
We applied structural topic modeling (STM), a natural language processing tool, to narratives written by an ethnically diverse sample of 1149 young adults about a moment they felt aware of their ethnicity.
RESULTS
RESULTS
We identified 14 topics within ethnicity narratives and analyzed how each topic related to both the participant's ethnicity and the human-coded themes of agency and communion. For example, the topic Gained perspective of structural inequality was associated with greater agency, whereas Peer dynamics was associated with greater communion. Ethnic/cultural celebration was associated with both.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
This study introduces STM as a useful tool for extracting topic content in narrative data and demonstrates how the multi-method assessment of ethnicity narratives provides greater insight into the content of ethnic experiences. These findings contribute to our understanding of contextualized aspects of personality, including the innovative ways we might examine them.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Association of Research in Personality (Spark Dunlop Grant)
Informations de copyright
© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Abbasian, S. (2022). Disparate emotions as expressions of well‐being: Impact of festival participation from the participants' subjective view. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010329
Ackerman‐Barger, K., Boatright, D., Gonzalez‐Colaso, R., Orozco, R., & Latimore, D. (2020). Seeking inclusion excellence: Understanding racial microaggressions as experienced by underrepresented medical and nursing students. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 758–763. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003077
Adler, J. M. (2018). Bringing the (disabled) body to personality psychology: A case study of Samantha. Journal of Personality, 86(5), 803–824. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12364
Adler, J. M., Dunlop, W., Fivush, R., Lilgendahl, J. P., Lodi‐Smith, J., McAdams, D. P., McLean, K. C., Pasupathi, M., & Syed, M. (2017). Research methods for studying narrative identity: A primer [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cz3q3
Adler, J. M., & Poulin, M. J. (2009). The political is personal: Narrating 9/11 and psychological well‐being. Journal of Personality, 77(4), 903–932. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2009.00569.x
Altweck, L., & Marshall, T. C. (2015). When you have lived in a different culture, does returning ‘home’ not feel like home? Predictors of psychological readjustment to the heritage culture. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0124393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124393
Ashokkumar, A., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2022). Tracking group identity through natural language within groups. PNAS Nexus, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac022
Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence: Isolation and communion in Western man. Beacon Press.
Benet‐Martínez, V., & Haritatos, J. (2005). Bicultural identity integration (BII): Components and psychosocial antecedents. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 1015–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐6494.2005.00337.x
Blei, D. M. (2012). Probabilistic topic models. Communications of the ACM, 55, 77–84.
Breen, A. V., & McLean, K. C. (2017). The intersection of personal and master narratives. In B. Schiff, A. E. McKim, & S. Patron (Eds.), Life and narrative: The risks and responsibilities of storying experience. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190256654.003.0011
Brondolo, E., Gallo, L. C., & Myers, H. F. (2009). Race, racism and health: Disparities, mechanisms, and interventions. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865‐008‐9190‐3
Camarena, P. M., Sarigiani, P. A., & Petersen, A. C. (1990). Gender‐specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01539442
Campbell, K. M. (2023). Mitigating the isolation of minoritized faculty in academic medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 38(7), 1751–1755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606‐022‐07982‐8
Chae, D. H., Yip, T., Martz, C. D., Chung, K., Richeson, J. A., Hajat, A., Curtis, D. S., Rogers, L. O., & LaVeist, T. A. (2021). Vicarious racism and vigilance during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Mental health implications among Asian and black Americans. Public Health Reports, 136(4), 508–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211018675
Clasen, D. R., & Brown, B. B. (1985). The multidimensionality of peer pressure in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 14(6), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02139520
Connolly, J. A., & McIsaac, C. (2009). Romantic relationships in adolescence. In Handbook of adolescent psychology: Contextual influences on adolescent development (Vol. 2, 3rd ed., pp. 104–151). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002005
Denny, M., & Spirling, A. (2017). Replication data for: Text preprocessing for unsupervised learning: Why it matters, when it misleads, and what to do about it [dataset]. Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XRR0HM
Dunlop, W. L., Wilkinson, D., Harake, N., Graham, L. E., & Lee, D. (2020). The redemption and contamination research form: Exploring relations with narrative identity, personality traits, response styles, and life satisfaction. Memory, 28(10), 1219–1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1828926
Feinerer, I., Hornik, K., & Meyer, D. (2008). Text mining infrastructure in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 25(5), 1–54. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i05
Finch, W. H., Hernández Finch, M. E., McIntosh, C. E., & Braun, C. (2018). The use of topic modeling with latent Dirichlet analysis with open‐ended survey items. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 4(4), 403–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000173
Fish, J., & Syed, M. (2021). Digital storytelling methodologies: Recommendations for a participatory approach to engaging underrepresented communities in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 68(3), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000532
Fu, Q., Zhuang, Y., Gu, J., Zhu, Y., & Guo, X. (2021). Agreeing to disagree: Choosing among eight topic‐modeling methods. Big Data Research, 23, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bdr.2020.100173
Galliher, R. V., McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2017). An integrated developmental model for studying identity content in context. Developmental Psychology, 53(11), 2011–2022. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000299
Haimi, M. (2023). The tragic paradoxical effect of telemedicine on healthcare disparities‐ a time for redemption: A narrative review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 23(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911‐023‐02194‐4
Henning, G., Segel‐Karpas, D., Bjälkebring, P., & Berg, A. I. (2021). Autonomy and loneliness—Longitudinal within‐ and between‐person associations among Swedish older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 26(12), 2416–2423. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.2000937
Kacewicz, E., Pennebaker, J. W., Davis, M., Jeon, M., & Graesser, A. C. (2014). Pronoun use reflects standings in social hierarchies. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33(2), 125–143.
Kalsner, L., & Pistole, M. C. (2003). College adjustment in a multiethnic sample: Attachment, separation‐individuation, and ethnic identity. Journal of College Student Development, 44(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2003.0006
Koltcov, S., Ignatenko, V., & Koltsova, O. (2019). Estimating topic modeling performance with sharma–mittal entropy. Entropy, 21(7), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070660
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
Kuhn, K. D. (2018). Using structural topic modeling to identify latent topics and trends in aviation incident reports. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 87, 105–122.
Light, R., & Odden, C. (2017). Managing the boundaries of taste: Culture, valuation, and computational social science. Social Forces, 96(2), 877–908. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sox055
Lilgendahl, J. P., Benet‐Martinez, V., Bishop, M., Gilson, K., Festa, L., Levenson, C., & Rosenblum, R. (2018). “So now, I wonder, what Am I?”: A narrative approach to bicultural identity integration. Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 49(10), 1596–1624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118801555
Loveys, K., Torrez, J., Fine, A., Moriarty, G., & Coppersmith, G. (2018). Cross‐cultural differences in language markers of depression online. Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Keyboard to Clinic, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W18‐0608
Loyd, A. B., Westberg, D. W., Williams, L., Humphries, M., Meca, A., & Rodil, J. C. (2023). “I just want to be me, authentically”: Identity shifting among racially and ethnically diverse young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52(4), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964‐023‐01744‐3
McAdams, D. P. (1995). What do we know when we know a person? Journal of Personality, 63(3), 365–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐6494.1995.tb00500.x
McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089‐2680.5.2.100
McAdams, D. P., Anyidoho, N. A., Brown, C., Huang, Y. T., Kaplan, B., & Machado, M. A. (2004). Traits and stories: Links between dispositional and narrative features of personality. Journal of Personality, 4(72), 761–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022‐3506.2004.00279.x
McAdams, D. P., Hoffman, B. J., Day, R., & Mansfield, E. D. (1996). Themes of agency and communion in significant autobiographical scenes. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 339–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐6494.1996.tb00514.x
McCabe, A., & Dinh, K. T. (2016). Agency and communion, ineffectiveness and alienation: Themes in the life stories of Latino and southeast Asian adolescents. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 36(2), 150–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276236616648648
McLean, K. C., Lilgendahl, J. P., Fordham, C., Alpert, E., Marsden, E., Szymanowski, K., & McAdams, D. P. (2018). Identity development in cultural context: The role of deviating from master narratives. Journal of Personality, 86(4), 631–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12341
McLean, K. C., Shucard, H., & Syed, M. (2017). Applying the master narrative framework to gender identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 5(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696816656254
McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2015). Personal, master, and alternative narratives: An integrative framework for understanding identity development in context. Human Development, 58(6), 318–349. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445817
McLean, K. C., Syed, M., Pasupathi, M., Adler, J. M., Dunlop, W. L., Fivush, R., Graci, M., Lilgendahl, J., Lodi‐Smith, J., McAdams, D. P., Drustrup, D., & McCoy, T. (2019, March 8). Coding manuals. Retrieved from osf.io/s2ewr/
McLean, K. C., Syed, M., Pasupathi, M., Adler, J. M., Dunlop, W. L., Drustrup, D., Fivush, R., Graci, M. E., Lilgendahl, J. P., Lodi‐Smith, J., McAdams, D. P., & McCoy, T. P. (2020). The empirical structure of narrative identity: The initial big three. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(4), 920–944. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000247
Mehra, A. (2023). At the margins: A distinctiveness approach to the social identity and social networks of underrepresented groups. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 441–452. https://doi.org/10.2307/257083
Mitchell, L. L., Kathawalla, U.‐K., Ajayi, A. A., Fish, J., Nelson, S. C., Peissig, L. H. M., & Syed, M. (2018). Ethnic‐racial typicality and its relation to ethnic identity and psychological functioning. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(3), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000193
Moffitt, U., Rogers, L. O., Mzizi, Y., & Charlson, E. (2022). Race talk during the 2020 U.S. presidential election: Emerging adults' critical consciousness and racial identity in context. Journal of Adolescent Research, 39, 1048–1085. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584221145009
Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 547–577. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041
R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [manual]. https://www.R‐project.org/
Reddy, G., & Van Dam, R. M. (2020). Food, culture, and identity in multicultural societies: Insights from Singapore. Appetite, 149, 104633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104633
Roberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., & Tingley, D. (2019). stm: R package for structural topic models. Journal of Statistical Software, 91, 1–40.
Roberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., Tingley, D., Lucas, C., Leder‐Luis, J., Gadarian, S. K., Albertson, B., & Rand, D. G. (2014). Structural topic models for open‐ended survey responses. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4), 1064–1082. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12103
Rogers, L. O., Niwa, E. Y., Chung, K., Yip, T., & Chae, D. (2021). M(ai)cro: Centering the macrosystem in human development. Human Development, 65(5–6), 270–292. https://doi.org/10.1159/000519630
Rokach, A. (2020). Belonging, togetherness and food rituals. Open Journal of Depression, 9(4), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojd.2020.94007
Singer, J. A. (2004). Narrative identity and meaning making across the adult lifespan: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 72(3), 437–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022‐3506.2004.00268.x
Sterling, J., Jost, J. T., & Hardin, C. D. (2019). Liberal and conservative representations of the good society: A (social) structural topic modeling approach. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846211
Syed, M. (2015). Theoretical and methodological contributions of narrative psychology to ethnic identity research. In Studying ethnic identity: Methodological and conceptual approaches across disciplines (pp. 27–54). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14618‐003
Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2008). A narrative approach to ethnic identity in emerging adulthood: Bringing life to the identity status model. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1012–1027. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012‐1649.44.4.1012
Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2010). Narrative and ethnic identity exploration: A longitudinal account of emerging adults' ethnicity‐related experiences. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 208–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017825
Syed, M., & Juang, L. P. (2014). Ethnic identity, identity coherence, and psychological functioning: Testing basic assumptions of the developmental model. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(2), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035330
Syed, M., & McLean, K. C. (2022). Who gets to live the good life? Master narratives, identity, and well‐being within a marginalizing society. Journal of Research in Personality, 100, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104285
Syed, M., & Nelson, S. C. (2015). Guidelines for establishing reliability when coding narrative data. Emerging Adulthood, 3(6), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815587648
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of inter‐group conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of inter‐group relations. Brooks/Cole.
Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676
Thompson, B., Roberts, S. G., & Lupyan, G. (2020). Cultural influences on word meanings revealed through large‐scale semantic alignment. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(10), 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562‐020‐0924‐8
Umaña‐Taylor, A. J., Quintana, S. M., Lee, R. M., Cross, W. E., Rivas‐Drake, D., Schwartz, S. J., Syed, M., Yip, T., Seaton, E., & Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group. (2014). Ethnic and racial identity during adolescence and into young adulthood: An integrated conceptualization. Child Development, 85(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12196
Umaña‐Taylor, A. J., Zeiders, K. H., & Updegraff, K. A. (2013). Family ethnic socialization and ethnic identity: A family‐driven, youth‐driven, or reciprocal process? Journal of Family Psychology, 27(1), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031105
Wallach, H. M. (2006). Topic modeling: Beyond bag‐of‐words. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning—ICML'06 (pp. 977–984). https://doi.org/10.1145/1143844.1143967
Watts, R. J., Diemer, M. A., & Voight, A. M. (2011). Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 134, 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.310
Webber, M., & Waru‐Benson, S. (2022). The role of cultural connectedness and ethnic group belonging to the social‐emotional wellbeing of diverse students. In T. A. Olsen & H. Sollid (Eds.), Indigenising education and citizenship (pp. 294–312). Scandinavian University Press. https://doi.org/10.18261/9788215053417‐2022‐16
Westberg, D. W. (2022). Stories off the beaten path: Exploring the content and correlates of cultural deviation narratives. Journal of Research in Personality, 100, 104266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104266
Weston, S. J., Shryock, I., Light, R., & Fisher, P. A. (2023). Selecting the number and labels of topics in topic modeling: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 6(2), 251524592311601. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459231160105
Weststrate, N. M., & McLean, K. C. (2023). “You gotta give them hope”: A structural psychobiography of Harvey Milk (1930–1978). Journal of Personality, 91(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12744
Wiberg, M., Molenaar, D., González, J., Böckenholt, U., & Kim, J.‐S. (Eds.). (2021). Quantitative psychology: The 85th annual meeting of the psychometric society, virtual (Vol. 353). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐3‐030‐74772‐5
Williams, C. D., Byrd, C. M., Quintana, S. M., Anicama, C., Kiang, L., Umaña‐Taylor, A. J., Calzada, E. J., Pabón Gautier, M., Ejesi, K., Tuitt, N. R., Martinez‐Fuentes, S., White, L., Marks, A., Rogers, L. O., & Whitesell, N. (2020). A lifespan model of ethnic‐racial identity. Research in Human Development, 17(2–3), 99–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2020.1831882
Yip, T., Cheah, C. S. L., Kiang, L., & Hall, G. C. N. (2021). Rendered invisible: Are Asian Americans a model or a marginalized minority? American Psychologist, 76(4), 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000857
Yip, T., Seaton, E. K., & Sellers, R. M. (2006). African American racial identity across the lifespan: Identity status, identity content, and depressive symptoms. Child Development, 77(5), 1504–1517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467‐8624.2006.00950.x