Comprehensive comparative study on n-caproate production by Clostridium kluyveri: batch vs. continuous operation modes.

Recently, there has been notable interest in researching and industrially producing medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) like n-caproate and n-caprylate via chain elongation process. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the behavior and MCCA production profiles of Clostridium kluyveri in batch and continuous modes, at different ethanol:acetate molar ratios (1.5:1, 3.5:1 and 5.5:1). The highest n-caproate concentration, 12.9 ± 0.67 g/L (92.9 ± 1.39 % MCCA selectivity), was achieved in batch mode at a 3.5:1 ratio. Interestingly, higher ratios favored batch mode selectivity over continuous mode when this was equal or higher to 3.5:1. Steady state operation yielded the highest n-caproate (9.5 ± 0.13 g/L) and n-caprylate (0.35 ± 0.020 g/L) concentrations at the 3.5:1 ratio. Increased ethanol:acetate ratios led to a higher excessive ethanol oxidation (EEO) in both operational modes, potentially limiting n-caproate production and selectivity, especially at the 5.5:1 ratio. Overall, this study reports the efficient MCCA production of both batch and continuous modes by C. kluyveri.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.