A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields.


Journal

Nature nanotechnology
ISSN: 1748-3395
Titre abrégé: Nat Nanotechnol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101283273

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
25 Jul 2024
Historique:
received: 17 02 2024
accepted: 18 06 2024
medline: 26 7 2024
pubmed: 26 7 2024
entrez: 25 7 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39054385
doi: 10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z
pii: 10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
ID : 13N16032
Organisme : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
ID : 13N16032
Organisme : Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
ID : 13N16032

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Degen, C. L., Reinhard, F. & Cappellaro, P. Quantum sensing. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035002 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.89.035002
Balasubramanian, G. et al. Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions. Nature 455, 648–651 (2008).
pubmed: 18833276 doi: 10.1038/nature07278
Maletinsky, P. et al. A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 320–324 (2012).
pubmed: 22504708 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2012.50
Schirhagl, R., Chang, K., Loretz, M. & Degen, C. L. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: nanoscale sensors for physics and biology. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65, 83–105 (2014).
pubmed: 24274702 doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103659
Rondin, L. et al. Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond. Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 056503 (2014).
pubmed: 24801494 doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/5/056503
Casola, F., Van Der Sar, T. & Yacoby, A. Probing condensed matter physics with magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 17088 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.88
Balasubramanian, G. et al. Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond. Nat. Mater. 8, 383–387 (2009).
pubmed: 19349970 doi: 10.1038/nmat2420
Degen, C. Microscopy with single spins. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 643–644 (2008).
pubmed: 18989323 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.328
Janitz, E. et al. Diamond surface engineering for molecular sensing with nitrogen—vacancy centers. J. Mater. Chem. C 10, 13533–13569 (2022).
doi: 10.1039/D2TC01258H
Temirov, R., Soubatch, S., Neucheva, O., Lassise, A. C. & Tautz, F. S. A novel method achieving ultra-high geometrical resolution in scanning tunnelling microscopy. New J. Phys. 10, 053012 (2008).
doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/5/053012
Gross, L., Mohn, F., Moll, N., Liljeroth, P. & Meyer, G. The chemical structure of a molecule resolved by atomic force microscopy. Science 325, 1110–1114 (2009).
pubmed: 19713523 doi: 10.1126/science.1176210
Wagner, C. et al. Scanning quantum dot microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 026101 (2015).
pubmed: 26207484 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.026101
Wagner, C. et al. Quantitative imaging of electric surface potentials with single-atom sensitivity. Nat. Mater. 18, 853–859 (2019).
pubmed: 31182779 pmcid: 6656579 doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0382-8
Friedrich, N. et al. Fluorescent single-molecule STM probe. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2311.16805 (2023).
Verlhac, B. et al. Atomic-scale spin sensing with a single molecule at the apex of a scanning tunneling microscope. Science 366, 623–627 (2019).
pubmed: 31672895 doi: 10.1126/science.aax8222
Czap, G. et al. Probing and imaging spin interactions with a magnetic single-molecule sensor. Science 364, 670–673 (2019).
pubmed: 31097665 doi: 10.1126/science.aaw7505
Garnier, L. et al. The Kondo effect of a molecular tip as a magnetic sensor. Nano Lett. 20, 8193–8199 (2020).
pubmed: 33119321 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03271
Wang, L., Xia, Y. & Ho, W. Atomic-scale quantum sensing based on the ultrafast coherence of an H
pubmed: 35446636 doi: 10.1126/science.abn9220
Baumann, S. et al. Electron paramagnetic resonance of individual atoms on a surface. Science 350, 417–420 (2015).
pubmed: 26494753 doi: 10.1126/science.aac8703
Yang, K. et al. Coherent spin manipulation of individual atoms on a surface. Science 366, 509–512 (2019).
pubmed: 31649202 doi: 10.1126/science.aay6779
Wang, Y. et al. An atomic-scale multi-qubit platform. Science 382, 87–92 (2023).
pubmed: 37797000 doi: 10.1126/science.ade5050
Natterer, F. D. et al. Reading and writing single-atom magnets. Nature 543, 226–228 (2017).
pubmed: 28277519 doi: 10.1038/nature21371
Choi, T. et al. Atomic-scale sensing of the magnetic dipolar field from single atoms. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 420–424 (2017).
pubmed: 28263962 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2017.18
Chen, Y., Bae, Y. & Heinrich, A. J. Harnessing the quantum behavior of spins on surfaces. Adv. Mater. 35, 2107534 (2023).
doi: 10.1002/adma.202107534
Kovarik, S. et al. Electron paramagnetic resonance of alkali metal atoms and dimers on ultrathin MgO. Nano Lett. 22, 4176–4181 (2022).
pubmed: 35512394 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00980
Kawaguchi, R. et al. Spatially resolving electron spin resonance of π-radical in single-molecule magnet. Nano Lett. 23, 213–219 (2023).
pubmed: 36585948 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04049
Hwang, J. et al. Development of a scanning tunneling microscope for variable temperature electron spin resonance. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 093703 (2022).
pubmed: 36182474 doi: 10.1063/5.0096081
Esat, T., Friedrich, N., Tautz, F. S. & Temirov, R. A standing molecule as a single-electron field emitter. Nature 558, 573–576 (2018).
pubmed: 29950622 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0223-y
Esat, T., Ternes, M., Temirov, R. & Tautz, F. S. Electron spin secluded inside a bottom-up assembled standing metal-molecule nanostructure. Phys. Rev. Res. 5, 033200 (2023).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.033200
Yang, K. et al. Engineering the eigenstates of coupled spin-1/2 atoms on a surface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 227206 (2017).
pubmed: 29286811 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.227206
Yang, K. et al. Electrically controlled nuclear polarization of individual atoms. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 1120–1125 (2018).
pubmed: 30397285 doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0296-7
Reina Gálvez, J., Wolf, C., Delgado, F. & Lorente, N. Cotunneling mechanism for all-electrical electron spin resonance of single adsorbed atoms. Phys. Rev. B 100, 035411 (2019).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.035411
Reina-Gálvez, J., Wolf, C. & Lorente, N. Many-body nonequilibrium effects in all-electric electron spin resonance. Phys. Rev. B 107, 235404 (2023).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235404
Lado, J. L., Ferrón, A. & Fernández-Rossier, J. Exchange mechanism for electron paramagnetic resonance of individual adatoms. Phys. Rev. B 96, 205420 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.205420
Seifert, T. S. et al. Longitudinal and transverse electron paramagnetic resonance in a scanning tunneling microscope. Sci. Adv. 6, eabc5511 (2020).
pubmed: 32998882 pmcid: 7527223 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5511
Kot, P. et al. Electric control of spin transitions at the atomic scale. Nat. Commun. 14, 6612 (2023).
pubmed: 37857623 pmcid: 10587172 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42287-2
Yang, K. et al. Tuning the exchange bias on a single atom from 1 mT to 10 T. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 227203 (2019).
pubmed: 31283288 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.227203
Kim, J. et al. Spin resonance amplitude and frequency of a single atom on a surface in a vector magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B 104, 174408 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.174408
Singha, A. et al. Engineering atomic-scale magnetic fields by dysprosium single atom magnets. Nat. Commun. 12, 4179 (2021).
pubmed: 34234133 pmcid: 8263604 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24465-2
Dolde, F. et al. Electric-field sensing using single diamond spins. Nat. Phys. 7, 459–463 (2011).
doi: 10.1038/nphys1969
Qiu, Z., Hamo, A., Vool, U., Zhou, T. X. & Yacoby, A. Nanoscale electric field imaging with an ambient scanning quantum sensor microscope. npj Quantum Inf. 8, 107 (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s41534-022-00622-3
Doherty, M. W. et al. Theory of the ground-state spin of the NV− center in diamond. Phys. Rev. B 85, 205203 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205203
Imada, H. et al. Single-molecule laser nanospectroscopy with micro-electron volt energy resolution. Science 373, 95–98 (2021).
pubmed: 34210883 doi: 10.1126/science.abg8790
Bae, Y. et al. Enhanced quantum coherence in exchange coupled spins via singlet-triplet transitions. Sci. Adv. 4, eaau4159 (2018).
pubmed: 30430136 pmcid: 6226279 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4159
Bolat, R. et al. Electrostatic potentials of atomic nanostructures at metal surfaces quantified by scanning quantum dot microscopy. Nat. Commun. 15, 2259 (2024).
pubmed: 38480707 pmcid: 10937982 doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46423-4
Chilian, B. et al. Anomalously large g factor of single atoms adsorbed on a metal substrate. Phys. Rev. B 84, 212401 (2011).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.212401
Khajetoorians, A. A. et al. Itinerant nature of atom-magnetization excitation by tunneling electrons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 037205 (2011).
pubmed: 21405293 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.037205
Anggara, K. et al. Direct observation of glycans bonded to proteins and lipids at the single-molecule level. Science 382, 219–223 (2023).
pubmed: 37824645 pmcid: 7615228 doi: 10.1126/science.adh3856
Paul, W., Baumann, S., Lutz, C. P. & Heinrich, A. J. Generation of constant-amplitude radio-frequency sweeps at a tunnel junction for spin resonance STM. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 074703 (2016).
pubmed: 27475577 doi: 10.1063/1.4955446
Temirov, R., Lassise, A., Anders, F. B. & Tautz, F. S. Kondo effect by controlled cleavage of a single-molecule contact. Nanotechnology 19, 065401 (2008).
pubmed: 21730697 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/6/065401
Toher, C. et al. Electrical transport through a mechanically gated molecular wire. Phys. Rev. B 83, 155402 (2011).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.155402
Žonda, M. et al. Resolving ambiguity of the Kondo temperature determination in mechanically tunable single-molecule Kondo systems. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 12, 6320–6325 (2021).
pubmed: 34228474 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01544
Ferreira, R. C. et al. Resonant tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of a single-molecule Kondo system. ACS Nano 18, 13164–13170 (2024).
Khajetoorians, A. A. et al. Atom-by-atom engineering and magnetometry of tailored nanomagnets. Nat. Phys. 8, 497–503 (2012).
doi: 10.1038/nphys2299
Wagner, C. & Tautz, F. S. The theory of scanning quantum dot microscopy. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 31, 475901 (2019).
pubmed: 31242473 doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ab2d09

Auteurs

Taner Esat (T)

Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany. t.esat@fz-juelich.de.
Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany. t.esat@fz-juelich.de.

Dmitriy Borodin (D)

Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.

Jeongmin Oh (J)

Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.

Andreas J Heinrich (AJ)

Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea. heinrich.andreas@qns.science.
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. heinrich.andreas@qns.science.

F Stefan Tautz (FS)

Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany.
Experimentalphysik IV A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

Yujeong Bae (Y)

Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea. bae.yujeong@qns.science.
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. bae.yujeong@qns.science.
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, Switzerland. bae.yujeong@qns.science.

Ruslan Temirov (R)

Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich, Germany.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Classifications MeSH