Maternal Health Legislation Enacted in Three Southeastern States in the United States Between 2018-2023: Policy Surveillance.

Background

Maternal mortality and morbidity rates in the Southeastern states of the US are among the highest in the nation. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana are ranked first, second and fifth, respectively, in maternal mortality. This retrospective policy surveillance systematically documents legislation enacted to address maternal health disparities and ameliorate maternal health.

Methods

The Maternal and Child Health Legislative Database of the National Conference of State Legislators was searched for all legislation relating to maternal health in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi between 2018-2023. Two reviewers independently identified the laws passed by year and state and cross-checked to verify results. The legislative screening process is documented on a modified PRISMA flow diagram. Data extracted included the specific maternal health population targeted, the general health area addressed by the bill, and the directive of the bill.

Results

126 pieces of legislation were identified using the database (41 AR, 12 MS, and 73 LA). There were no duplicates identified; 2 laws were identified outside of the database (1 AR, 1 MS). All 128 legislation titles and summaries were screened and laws pertaining to issues other than maternal health were excluded (28 AR, 9 MS, and 48 LA). 43 full text bills were retrieved and reviewed in their entirety to assess eligibility for inclusion. 40 pieces of legislation were included (11 AR, 4 MS, and 25 LA) in this policy surveillance.

Discussion

Louisiana enacted the most laws targeting and addressing maternal health, while Mississippi enacted the least. The legislation enacted addresses a broad range of health aspects, such as maternal mental health, incarcerated pregnant population reproductive health, and postpartum Medicaid coverage extension. Together with the task forces, committees, and study commissions created, the legislation enacted has the potential to address current inequities and improve maternal health outcomes in this vulnerable population by increasing access to and/or utilization of care, extending duration and/or type of evidence-based care available, and decreasing racial disparities in maternal health with the eventual goal of rooting out preventable morbidity and mortality.