SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection from infection against variants of concern.

Journal

Nature medicine
ISSN: 1546-170X
Titre abrégé: Nat Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9502015

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
26 Jul 2024
Historique:
received: 15 12 2023
accepted: 11 06 2024
medline: 27 7 2024
pubmed: 27 7 2024
entrez: 26 7 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by vaccination have been linked to protection against symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, much less is known about the efficacy of nAbs in preventing the acquisition of infection, especially in the context of natural immunity and against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune-escape variants. Here we conducted mediation analysis to assess serum nAbs induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infections as potential correlates of protection against Delta and Omicron infections, in rural and urban household cohorts in South Africa. We find that, in the Delta wave, D614G nAbs mediate 37% (95% confidence interval: 34-40%) of the total protection against infection conferred by prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and that protection decreases with waning immunity. In contrast, Omicron BA.1 nAbs mediate 11% (95% confidence interval: 9-12%) of the total protection against Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 infections, due to Omicron's neutralization escape. These findings underscore that correlates of protection mediated through nAbs are variant specific, and that boosting of nAbs against circulating variants might restore or confer immune protection lost due to nAb waning and/or immune escape. However, the majority of immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 conferred by natural infection cannot be fully explained by serum nAbs alone. Measuring these and other immune markers including T cell responses, both in the serum and in other compartments such as the nasal mucosa, may be required to comprehensively understand and predict immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2 PMID: 39060660
pubmed: 39060660
doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2
pii: 10.1038/s41591-024-03131-2
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
ID : INV-030570
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
ID : 226137/Z/22/Z
Organisme : Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
ID : 226137/Z/22/Z
Organisme : Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
ID : 221003/Z/20/Z
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
ID : 6 U01IP001048

Investigateurs

Amelia Buys (A)
Maimuna Carrim (M)
Linda de Gouveia (L)
Mignon du Plessis (M)
Jacques du Toit (J)
Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé (FX)
Kgaugelo Patricia Kgasago (KP)
Retshidisitswe Kotane (R)
Meredith L McMorrow (ML)
Tumelo Moloantoa (T)
Stephen Tollman (S)
Anne von Gottberg (A)
Floidy Wafawanaka (F)
Nicole Wolter (N)

Informations de copyright

© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.

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Auteurs

Kaiyuan Sun (K)

Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. kaiyuan.sun@nih.gov.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1753-9884

Jinal N Bhiman (JN)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6354-4003

Stefano Tempia (S)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Jackie Kleynhans (J)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Vimbai Sharon Madzorera (VS)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Qiniso Mkhize (Q)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Haajira Kaldine (H)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Meredith L McMorrow (ML)

Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Nicole Wolter (N)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9526-0133

Jocelyn Moyes (J)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Maimuna Carrim (M)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2717-5540

Neil A Martinson (NA)

Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Kathleen Kahn (K)

MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Limakatso Lebina (L)

Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Jacques D du Toit (JD)

MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0003-0168

Thulisa Mkhencele (T)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Anne von Gottberg (A)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0243-7455

Cécile Viboud (C)

Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3243-4711

Penny L Moore (PL)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8719-4028

Cheryl Cohen (C)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. cherylc@nicd.ac.za.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. cherylc@nicd.ac.za.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0376-2302

Classifications MeSH