The trajectory of depression and anxiety among children and adolescents over two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anxiety COVID-19 Child and adolescent psychiatry Depression Longitudinal data Neurodevelopmental disorders

Journal

Psychiatry research
ISSN: 1872-7123
Titre abrégé: Psychiatry Res
Pays: Ireland
ID NLM: 7911385

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
23 Jul 2024
Historique:
received: 18 09 2023
revised: 17 07 2024
accepted: 22 07 2024
medline: 29 7 2024
pubmed: 29 7 2024
entrez: 28 7 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Longitudinal research examining children's mental health (MH) over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. We examined trajectories of depression and anxiety over two pandemic years among children with and without MH disorders. Parents and children 2-18 years completed surveys at seven timepoints (April 2020 to June 2022). Parents completed validated measures of depression and anxiety for children 8-18 years, and validated measures of emotional/behavioural symptoms for children 2-7 years old; children ≥10 years completed validated measures of depression and anxiety. Latent growth curve analysis determined depression and anxiety trajectories, accounting for demographics, child and parent MH. Data were available on 1315 unique children (1259 parent-reports; 550 child-reports). Trajectories were stable across the study period, however individual variation in trajectories was statistically significant. Of included covariates, only initial symptom level predicted symptom trajectories. Among participants with pre-COVID data, a significant increase in depression symptoms relative to pre-pandemic levels was observed; children and adolescents experienced elevated and sustained levels of depression and anxiety during the two-year period. Findings have direct policy implications in the prioritization and of maintenance of educational, recreational, and social activities with added MH supports in the face of future events.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116101 PMID: 39068897
pubmed: 39068897
pii: S0165-1781(24)00386-X
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116101
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

116101

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest Dr Anagnostou has received consultation fees from Roche and Quadrant, grant funding from Roche and in-kind support from Amo Pharma. She holds a patent for the device, “Tully” (formally “Anxiety Meter”). She has received royalties from APPI and Springer, and editorial honoraria from Wiley. The authors have no competing commercial interests related to this study.

Auteurs

Daphne J Korczak (DJ)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: daphne.korczak@sickkids.ca.

Ronda F Lo (RF)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada.

Jala Rizeq (J)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada.

Jennifer Crosbie (J)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alice Charach (A)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Evdokia Anagnostou (E)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Catherine S Birken (CS)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Suneeta Monga (S)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Elizabeth Kelley (E)

Departments of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Rob Nicolson (R)

Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.

Paul D Arnold (PD)

Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Jonathon L Maguire (JL)

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Russell J Schachar (RJ)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Stelios Georgiades (S)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Christie L Burton (CL)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada.

Katherine Tombeau Cost (KT)

School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, ON, Canada.

Classifications MeSH