Refined tamoxifen administration in mice by encouraging voluntary consumption of palatable formulations.
Journal
Lab animal
ISSN: 1548-4475
Titre abrégé: Lab Anim (NY)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0417737
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Jul 2024
30 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
26
05
2023
accepted:
24
06
2024
medline:
31
7
2024
pubmed:
31
7
2024
entrez:
30
7
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Drug administration in preclinical rodent models is essential for research and the development of novel therapies. Compassionate administration methods have been developed, but these are mostly incompatible with water-insoluble drugs such as tamoxifen or do not allow for precise timing or dosing of the drugs. For more than two decades, tamoxifen has been administered by oral gavage or injection to CreER
Identifiants
pubmed: 39080504
doi: 10.1038/s41684-024-01409-z
pii: 10.1038/s41684-024-01409-z
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
ID : BU1410/1-2
Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
ID : 310030_132713 / 1
Organisme : Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
ID : 310030_116201
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Russel, W. M. S. & Burch, R. L. The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (Methuen & Co., 1959).
Neff, E. P. On the road to refinement. Lab Anim. 50, 277–279 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00854-4
Meijer, M. K., Spruijt, B. M., van Zutphen, L. F. M. & Baumans, V. Effect of restraint and injection methods on heart rate and body temperature in mice. Lab Anim. 40, 382–391 (2006).
pubmed: 17018209
doi: 10.1258/002367706778476370
Walker, M. K. et al. A less stressful alternative to oral gavage for pharmacological and toxicological studies in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 260, 65–69 (2012).
pubmed: 22326784
pmcid: 3306547
doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.025
Gonzales, C. et al. Alternative method of oral administration by peanut butter pellet formulation results in target engagement of BACE1 and attenuation of gavage-induced stress responses in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 126, 28–35 (2014).
pubmed: 25242810
doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.010
Stuart, S. A. & Robinson, E. S. J. Reducing the stress of drug administration: implications for the 3Rs. Sci. Rep. 5, 14288 (2015).
pubmed: 26395864
pmcid: 4585806
doi: 10.1038/srep14288
Scarborough, J. et al. Preclinical validation of the micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) method in the maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain. Behav. Immun. 88, 461–470 (2020).
pubmed: 32278850
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.015
Schalbetter, S. M. et al. Oral application of clozapine-N-oxide using the micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) method in mouse DREADD systems. Lab Anim. 50, 69–75 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41684-021-00723-0
Vandenberg, L. N., Welshons, W. V., vom Saal, F. S., Toutain, P.-L. & Myers, J. P. Should oral gavage be abandoned in toxicity testing of endocrine disruptors? Environ. Health 13, 46 (2014).
pubmed: 24961440
pmcid: 4069342
doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-46
Turner, P. V., Brabb, T., Pekow, C. & Vasbinder, M. A. Administration of substances to laboratory animals: routes of administration and factors to consider. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 50, 600–613 (2011).
pubmed: 22330705
pmcid: 3189662
Donocoff, R. S. Optimization of tamoxifen-induced Cre activity and its effect on immune cell populations. Sci. Rep. 10, 15244 (2020).
pubmed: 32943672
pmcid: 7499195
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72179-0
Jahn, H. M. Refined protocols of tamoxifen injection for inducible DNA recombination in mouse astroglia. Sci. Rep. 8, 5913 (2018).
pubmed: 29651133
pmcid: 5897555
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24085-9
Kawano, F., Okazaki, R., Yazawa, M. & Sato, M. A photoactivatable Cre–loxP recombination system for optogenetic genome engineering. Nat. Chem. Biol. 12, 1059–1064 (2016).
pubmed: 27723747
doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2205
Kim, H., Kim, M., Im, S.-K. & Fang, S. Mouse Cre-LoxP system: general principles to determine tissue-specific roles of target genes. Lab. Anim. Res. 34, 147–159 (2018).
pubmed: 30671100
pmcid: 6333611
doi: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.147
Perry, M. N. et al. Annotated expression and activity data for murine recombinase alleles and transgenes: the CrePortal resource. Mamm. Genome 33, 55–65 (2022).
pubmed: 34482425
doi: 10.1007/s00335-021-09909-w
Blake, J. A. et al. Mouse Genome Database (MGD): knowledgebase for mouse–human comparative biology. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, D981–D987 (2021).
pubmed: 33231642
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1083
Baldarelli, R. M., Smith, C. L., Ringwald, M., Richardson, J. E. & Bult, C. J. Mouse Genome Informatics: an integrated knowledgebase system for the laboratory mouse. Genetics. 227, iyae031 (2024).
pubmed: 38531069
pmcid: 11075557
doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae031
Hoggatt, A. F., Hoggatt, J., Honerlaw, M. & Pelus, L. M. A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down: a novel technique to improve oral gavage in mice. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 49, 329–334 (2010).
pubmed: 20587165
pmcid: 2877306
Baek, J. M. et al. Evaluation of a novel technique for intraperitoneal injections in mice. Lab Anim. 44, 440–444 (2015).
doi: 10.1038/laban.880
Alsina-Sanchis, E. et al. Intraperitoneal oil application causes local inflammation with depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages. Mol. Cancer Res. 19, 288–300 (2021).
pubmed: 33139505
doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0650
Kisanga, E. R., Gjerde, J., Schjøtt, J., Mellgren, G. & Lien, E. A. Tamoxifen administration and metabolism in nude mice and nude rats. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 84, 361–367 (2003).
pubmed: 12711024
doi: 10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00051-7
Reid, J. M. et al. Pharmacokinetics of endoxifen and tamoxifen in female mice: implications for comparative in vivo activity studies. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 74, 1271–1278 (2014).
pubmed: 25318936
pmcid: 4343319
doi: 10.1007/s00280-014-2605-7
Bersell, K. et al. Moderate and high amounts of tamoxifen in αMHC-MerCreMer mice induce a DNA damage response, leading to heart failure and death. Dis. Model. Mech. 6, 1459–1469 (2013).
pubmed: 23929941
pmcid: 3820268
Bailey, J. Does the stress of laboratory life and experimentation on animals adversely affect research data? A critical review. Altern. Lab. Anim. 46, 291–305 (2018).
pubmed: 30488713
doi: 10.1177/026119291804600501
Baumans, V. Science-based assessment of animal welfare: laboratory animals. Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE 24, 503–514 (2005).
doi: 10.20506/rst.24.2.1585
Poole, T. Happy animals make good science. Lab Anim. 31, 116–124 (1997).
pubmed: 9175008
doi: 10.1258/002367797780600198
Kappel, S., Hawkins, P. & Mendl, M. To group or not to group? Good practice for housing male laboratory mice. Animals 7, 88 (2017).
pubmed: 29186765
pmcid: 5742782
doi: 10.3390/ani7120088
Wang, H. et al. A potential side effect of cyclosporin A: inhibition of CD4
pubmed: 17164721
doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000246312.89689.17
Almeida, L. et al. Ribosome-targeting antibiotics impair T cell effector function and ameliorate autoimmunity by blocking mitochondrial protein synthesis. Immunity 54, 68–83.e6 (2021).
pubmed: 33238133
pmcid: 7837214
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.001
Zhou, Y. et al. Intestinal toxicity to CTLA-4 blockade driven by IL-6 and myeloid infiltration. J. Exp. Med. 220, e20221333 (2023).
pubmed: 36367776
doi: 10.1084/jem.20221333
Kalepu, S. & Nekkanti, V. Insoluble drug delivery strategies: review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 5, 442–453 (2015).
pubmed: 26579474
pmcid: 4629443
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.003
Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, European Medicines Agency & European Union. Guideline on the demonstration of palatability of veterinary medicinal products. EMA/CVMP/EWP/206024/2011-Rev.1. EMA https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/guideline-demonstration-palatability-veterinary-medicinal-products-revision-1_en.pdf (2021).
Koh, Y. T., Higgins, S. A., Weber, J. S. & Kast, W. M. Immunological consequences of using three different clinical/laboratory techniques of emulsifying peptide-based vaccines in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. J. Transl. Med. 4, 42 (2006).
pubmed: 17059610
pmcid: 1630705
doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-42
Hurst, J. L. & West, R. S. Taming anxiety in laboratory mice. Nat. Methods 7, 825–826 (2010).
pubmed: 20835246
doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1500
Śledzińska, A. et al. TGF-β signalling is required for CD4
pubmed: 24115907
pmcid: 3792861
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001674
Zeiträg, J., Alterauge, D., Dahlström, F. & Baumjohann, D. Gene dose matters: considerations for the use of inducible CD4‐CreER
pubmed: 32087088
doi: 10.1002/eji.201948461
Uematsu, Y. et al. In transgenic mice the introduced functional T cell receptor β gene prevents expression of endogenous β genes. Cell 52, 831–841 (1988).
pubmed: 3258191
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90425-4
Walker, J. Non-inferiority statistics and equivalence studies. BJA Educ. 19, 267–271 (2019).
pubmed: 33456901
pmcid: 7808096
doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2019.03.004
Heffner, C. Intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen for inducible Cre-driver lines. The Jackson Laboratory https://www.jax.org/research-and-faculty/resources/cre-repository/tamoxifen (2011).
Buynitsky, T. & Mostofsky, D. I. Restraint stress in biobehavioral research: recent developments. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 33, 1089–1098 (2009).
pubmed: 19463853
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.05.004
Young, E. A., Altemus, M., Parkison, V. & Shastry, S. Effects of estrogen antagonists and agonists on the ACTH response to restraint stress in female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 25, 881–891 (2001).
pubmed: 11750181
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00301-3
Bialik, R. J., Smythe, J. W., Sardelis, M. & Roberts, D. C. S. Adrenal demedullation blocks and brain norepinephrine depletion potentiates the hyperglycemic response to a variety of stressors. Brain Res. 502, 88–98 (1989).
pubmed: 2819460
doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90464-2
Molina, P., Andero, R. & Armario, A. Restraint or immobilization: a comparison of methodologies for restricting free movement in rodents and their potential impact on physiology and behavior. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 151, 105224 (2023).
pubmed: 37156310
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105224
Desta, Z., Ward, B. A., Soukhova, N. V. & Flockhart, D. A. Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310, 1062–1075 (2004).
pubmed: 15159443
doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.065607
Sanchez-Spitman, A. B. et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen and endoxifen. Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. 12, 523–536 (2019).
pubmed: 31008668
doi: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1610390
Johnson, M. D. et al. Pharmacological characterization of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl tamoxifen, a novel active metabolite of tamoxifen. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 85, 151–159 (2004).
pubmed: 15111773
doi: 10.1023/B:BREA.0000025406.31193.e8
Katzenellenbogen, B. S., Norman, M. J., Eckert, R. L., Peltz, S. W. & Mangel, W. F. Bioactivities, estrogen receptor interactions, and plasminogen activator-inducing activities of tamoxifen and hydroxytamoxifen isomers in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 44, 112–119 (1984).
pubmed: 6537799
de Vries Schultink, A. H. M., Zwart, W., Linn, S. C., Beijnen, J. H. & Huitema, A. D. R. Effects of pharmacogenetics on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tamoxifen. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 54, 797–810 (2015).
pubmed: 25940823
pmcid: 4513218
doi: 10.1007/s40262-015-0273-3
The VM7Luc ER TA test method: an in vitro assay for identifying human estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist activity of chemicals. European Commission https://tsar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/test-method/tm2016-09 (2016).
Rogers, J. M. & Denison, M. S. Recombinant cell bioassays for endocrine disruptors: development of a stably transfected human ovarian cell line for the detection of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic chemicals. In Vitr. Mol. Toxicol. 13, 67–82 (2000).
pubmed: 10900408
Brennan, J. C., Bassal, A., He, G. & Denison, M. S. Development of a recombinant human ovarian (BG1) cell line containing estrogen receptor α and β for improved detection of estrogenic/antiestrogenic chemicals: dual estrogen receptor cell bioassay for chemical screening. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 35, 91–100 (2016).
pubmed: 26139245
doi: 10.1002/etc.3146
Robinson, S. P., Langan-Fahey, S. M., Johnson, D. A. & Jordan, V. C. Metabolites, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in rats and mice compared to the breast cancer patient. Drug Metab. Dispos. Biol. Fate Chem. 19, 36–43 (1991).
pubmed: 1673419
Bortoluzzi, S. et al. Brief homogeneous TCR signals instruct common iNKT progenitors whose effector diversification is characterized by subsequent cytokine signaling. Immunity 54, 2497–2513.e9 (2021).
pubmed: 34562377
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.003
Valny, M., Honsa, P., Kirdajova, D., Kamenik, Z. & Anderova, M. Tamoxifen in the mouse brain: implications for fate-mapping studies using the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP system. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 10, 243 (2016).
pubmed: 27812322
pmcid: 5071318
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00243
Bryda, E. C. The mighty mouse: the impact of rodents on advances in biomedical research. Mo. Med. 110, 207–211 (2013).
pubmed: 23829104
pmcid: 3987984
Perlman, R. L. Mouse models of human disease: an evolutionary perspective. Evol. Med. Public Health. 2016, 170–176 (2016).
pubmed: 27121451
pmcid: 4875775
Nobel-winning animal research leads to huge breakthroughs in science and medicine. Foundation for Biomedical Research https://fbresearch.org/medical-advances/nobel-prizes (2021).
Atcha, Z. et al. Alternative method of oral dosing for rats. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 49, 335–343 (2010).
pubmed: 20587166
pmcid: 2877307
Corbett, A., McGowin, A., Sieber, S., Flannery, T. & Sibbitt, B. A method for reliable voluntary oral administration of a fixed dosage (mg/kg) of chronic daily medication to rats. Lab Anim. 46, 318–324 (2012).
pubmed: 22969146
doi: 10.1258/la.2012.012018
Doenni, V. M. et al. Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling. Brain. Behav. Immun. 58, 237–247 (2016).
pubmed: 27453335
pmcid: 5461973
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.152
Dhawan, S. S. et al. Oral dosing of rodents using a palatable tablet. Psychopharmacology 235, 1527–1532 (2018).
pubmed: 29511808
pmcid: 5919998
doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4863-2
Morton, D. B. et al. Refining procedures for the administration of substances. Lab Anim. 35, 1–41 (2001).
pubmed: 11201285
doi: 10.1258/0023677011911345
Manouze, H. et al. Effects of single cage housing on stress, cognitive, and seizure parameters in the rat and mouse pilocarpine models of epilepsy. eNeuro 6, ENEURO.0179-18.2019 (2019).
Topping, L. M. et al. Standardization of antigen-emulsion preparations for the induction of autoimmune disease models. Front. Immunol. 13, 892251 (2022).
pubmed: 35769487
pmcid: 9234561
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892251
Kronenberger, J.-P. & Médioni, J. Food neophobia in wild and laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Behav. Processes 11, 53–59 (1985).
pubmed: 24924361
doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(85)90102-0
Modlinska, K., Stryjek, R. & Pisula, W. Food neophobia in wild and laboratory rats (multi-strain comparison). Behav. Processes 113, 41–50 (2015).
pubmed: 25572457
doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.005
Kislal, S. & Blizard, D. A. Conditioned context aversion learning in the laboratory mouse. Learn. Behav. 44, 309–319 (2016).
pubmed: 26961783
doi: 10.3758/s13420-016-0217-2
Fudge, M. A., Kavaliers, M., Baird, J.-P. & Ossenkopp, K.-P. Tamoxifen produces conditioned taste avoidance in male rats: an analysis of microstructural licking patterns and taste reactivity. Horm. Behav. 56, 322–331 (2009).
pubmed: 19576896
pmcid: 2747617
doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.06.009
McDaniel, R. W., Rhodes, V. A., Nelson, R. A. & Hanson, B. M. Sensory perceptions of women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer. Cancer Nurs. 18, 215 (1995).
pubmed: 7600553
doi: 10.1097/00002820-199506000-00006
Gulin, J. E. N., Bisio, M. & García-Bournissen, F. Refining drug administration in a murine model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Lab. Anim. Res. 36, 37 (2020).
pubmed: 33094096
pmcid: 7576763
doi: 10.1186/s42826-020-00071-z
Savery, D. et al. Refinement of inducible gene deletion in embryos of pregnant mice. Birth Defects Res. 112, 196–204 (2020).
pubmed: 31793758
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1628
Thorens, B. et al. Ins1Cre knock-in mice for beta cell-specific gene recombination. Diabetologia 58, 558–565 (2015).
pubmed: 25500700
doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3468-5
Blanchet, E. et al. Feedback inhibition of CREB signaling promotes beta cell dysfunction in insulin resistance. Cell Rep. 10, 1149–1157 (2015).
pubmed: 25704817
pmcid: 4872509
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.046
Monteagudo, E., Gándola, Y., González, L., Bregni, C. & Carlucci, A. M. Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of tamoxifen microemulsions. J. Drug Deliv. 2012, 1–11 (2012).
doi: 10.1155/2012/236713
Dehghani, F. et al. Preparation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation of microemulsions containing tamoxifen citrate anti-cancer drug. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 96, 479–489 (2017).
pubmed: 27693298
doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.033
Saenz, J. B., Burclaff, J. & Mills, J. C. in Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases (ed. Ivanov, A. I.) Vol. 1422 329–339 (Springer, 2016).
Abelson, K. S. P., Jacobsen, K. R., Sundbom, R., Kalliokoski, O. & Hau, J. Voluntary ingestion of nut paste for administration of buprenorphine in rats and mice. Lab Anim. 46, 349–351 (2012).
pubmed: 22969145
doi: 10.1258/la.2012.012028
Teixeira-Santos, L., Albino-Teixeira, A. & Pinho, D. An alternative method for oral drug administration by voluntary intake in male and female mice. Lab Anim. 55, 76–80 (2021).
pubmed: 32883167
doi: 10.1177/0023677220950782
Zhang, L. Method for voluntary oral administration of drugs in mice. STAR Protoc. 2, 100330 (2021).
pubmed: 33644770
pmcid: 7887435
doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100330
Pyter, L. M., Yang, L., da Rocha, J. M. & Engeland, C. G. The effects of social isolation on wound healing mechanisms in female mice. Physiol. Behav. 127, 64–70 (2014).
pubmed: 24486329
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.008
Kisielow, P., Blüthmann, H., Staerz, U. D., Steinmetz, M. & von Boehmer, H. Tolerance in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4
pubmed: 3260350
doi: 10.1038/333742a0
Buch, T., Rieux-Laucat, F., Förster, I. & Rajewsky, K. Failure of HY-specific thymocytes to escape negative selection by receptor editing. Immunity 16, 707–718 (2002).
pubmed: 12049722
doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00312-6
Ventura, A. et al. Restoration of p53 function leads to tumour regression in vivo. Nature 445, 661–665 (2007).
pubmed: 17251932
doi: 10.1038/nature05541
Madisen, L. et al. A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133–140 (2010).
pubmed: 20023653
doi: 10.1038/nn.2467
Li, Y. et al. Research resource: STR DNA profile and gene expression comparisons of human BG-1 cells and a BG-1/MCF-7 clonal variant. Mol. Endocrinol. 28, 2072–2081 (2014).
pubmed: 25321415
pmcid: 4250366
doi: 10.1210/me.2014-1229
Hall, L. C., Rogers, J. M., Denison, M. S. & Johnson, M. L. Identification of the herbicide surflan and its active ingredient oryzalin, a dinitrosulfonamide, as xenoestrogens. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 48, 201–208 (2005).
pubmed: 15696347
doi: 10.1007/s00244-003-0164-8
Tan, Y. S. & Lei, Y. L. in Mouse Models of Innate Immunity (ed. Allen, I. C.) Vol. 1960 85–91 (Springer, 2019).
Harding, H. P. & Ron, D. Immortalization of MEF with SV40 T antigen. Addgene https://media.addgene.org/data/45/42/165f51de-af64-11e0-90fe-003048dd6500.pdf (2003).
Musgrave, C. S. A., Nazarov, W. & Bazin, N. The effect of para-divinyl benzene on styrenic emulsion-templated porous polymers: a chemical Trojan horse. J. Mater. Sci. 52, 3179–3187 (2017).
doi: 10.1007/s10853-016-0607-z
Pushparaj, P. N. Revisiting the micropipetting techniques in biomedical sciences: a fundamental prerequisite in good laboratory practice. Bioinformation 16, 8–12 (2020).
pubmed: 32025154
pmcid: 6986936
doi: 10.6026/97320630016008
Gallier, S., Gragson, D., Jiménez-Flores, R. & Everett, D. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to probe the milk fat globule membrane and associated proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 4250–4257 (2010).
pubmed: 20218614
pmcid: 2853928
doi: 10.1021/jf9032409
Schindelin, J. et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9, 676–682 (2012).
pubmed: 22743772
doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2019
Henderson, L. J., Dani, B., Serrano, E. M. N., Smulders, T. V. & Roughan, J. V. Benefits of tunnel handling persist after repeated restraint, injection and anaesthesia. Sci. Rep. 10, 14562 (2020).
pubmed: 32884048
pmcid: 7471957
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71476-y
Notter, T., Panzanelli, P., Pfister, S., Mircsof, D. & Fritschy, J.-M. A protocol for concurrent high-quality immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses in adult mouse central nervous system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 39, 165–175 (2014).
pubmed: 24325300
doi: 10.1111/ejn.12447
Dunnett, C. W. A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 50, 1096–1121 (1955).
doi: 10.1080/01621459.1955.10501294
Dunnett, C. W. New tables for multiple comparisons with a control. Biometrics 20, 482 (1964).
doi: 10.2307/2528490
Vanhecke, D., Bugada, V., Steiner, R., Polić, B. & Buch, T. Refined tamoxifen administration in mice by encouraging voluntary consumption of palatable formulations. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11978858 (2024).