Replacing cereal with ultra-processed foods in pig diets does not adverse gut microbiota, L-glutamate uptake, or serum insulin.
Dietary intervention
Former food products
Next Generation Sequencing
Sustainability
Ussing chamber
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Jul 2024
29 Jul 2024
Historique:
received:
25
03
2024
revised:
15
07
2024
accepted:
24
07
2024
medline:
1
8
2024
pubmed:
1
8
2024
entrez:
31
7
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Using ultra-processed food (UPF) to replace traditional feed ingredients offers a promising strategy for enhancing food production sustainability. Analyze the impact of salty and sugary UPF on gut microbiota, amino acids uptake, and serum analytes in growing and finishing pig. Thirty-six Swiss Large White male castrated pigs were assigned to three experimental diets: (1) standard (ST), 0% UPF; (2) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by sugary UPF (SU); and (3) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by salty UPF (SA). The Next Generation Sequencing was used to characterise the fecal microbiota. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the active uptake of selected amino acids in pig jejuna were also evaluated. Data were enriched with measurements of fecal volatile fatty acids and serum urea, minerals and insulin. All data analyses were run in R v4.0.3. The packages phyloseq, vegan, microbiome and microbiomeutilities were used for microbiota data analysis. The remaining data were analyzed by ANOVA using linear mixed-effects regression models. The UPF did not affect fecal microbiota abundance or biodiversity. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio remained unaffected. SU-induced increase in the Anaerostipes genus suggested altered glucose metabolism, while SA increased the abundance of CAG-352 and p-2534-18B. No effects on fecal volatile fatty acids were observed. Assumptions of UPF negatively affecting small intestinal physiology were not supported by the measurements of TEER in pigs. Active amino acids uptake tests showed potential decrease in L-glutamate absorption in the SA compared to the SU diet. Blood serum analysis indicated no adverse effects on urea, calcium, magnesium or potassium concentration but the SU group resulted in a lower blood serum insulin level at the time of blood collection. When incorporated at 30% into a standard growing-finishing diet for pigs, UPF does not have detrimental effects on gut microbiota, intestinal integrity and blood mineral homeostasis.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Using ultra-processed food (UPF) to replace traditional feed ingredients offers a promising strategy for enhancing food production sustainability.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Analyze the impact of salty and sugary UPF on gut microbiota, amino acids uptake, and serum analytes in growing and finishing pig.
METHODS
METHODS
Thirty-six Swiss Large White male castrated pigs were assigned to three experimental diets: (1) standard (ST), 0% UPF; (2) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by sugary UPF (SU); and (3) 30% conventional ingredients replaced by salty UPF (SA). The Next Generation Sequencing was used to characterise the fecal microbiota. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the active uptake of selected amino acids in pig jejuna were also evaluated. Data were enriched with measurements of fecal volatile fatty acids and serum urea, minerals and insulin. All data analyses were run in R v4.0.3. The packages phyloseq, vegan, microbiome and microbiomeutilities were used for microbiota data analysis. The remaining data were analyzed by ANOVA using linear mixed-effects regression models.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The UPF did not affect fecal microbiota abundance or biodiversity. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio remained unaffected. SU-induced increase in the Anaerostipes genus suggested altered glucose metabolism, while SA increased the abundance of CAG-352 and p-2534-18B. No effects on fecal volatile fatty acids were observed. Assumptions of UPF negatively affecting small intestinal physiology were not supported by the measurements of TEER in pigs. Active amino acids uptake tests showed potential decrease in L-glutamate absorption in the SA compared to the SU diet. Blood serum analysis indicated no adverse effects on urea, calcium, magnesium or potassium concentration but the SU group resulted in a lower blood serum insulin level at the time of blood collection.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
When incorporated at 30% into a standard growing-finishing diet for pigs, UPF does not have detrimental effects on gut microbiota, intestinal integrity and blood mineral homeostasis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39084342
pii: S0022-3166(24)00413-9
doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.032
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interestsProf. Luciano Pinotti reports financial support was provided by Lombardy Region. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.