Effect of electrical muscle stimulation on the improvement of deltoid muscle atrophy in a rat shoulder immobilization model.
deltoid muscle
electrical muscle stimulation
immobilization
medium‐frequency EMS
muscle atrophy
Journal
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
ISSN: 1554-527X
Titre abrégé: J Orthop Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8404726
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Aug 2024
04 Aug 2024
Historique:
revised:
24
05
2024
received:
09
01
2024
accepted:
09
07
2024
medline:
4
8
2024
pubmed:
4
8
2024
entrez:
4
8
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Immobilization following trauma or surgery induces skeletal muscle atrophy, and improvement in the muscle atrophy is critical for successful clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscle atrophy. The study design is a controlled laboratory study. Eighty rats (56 to establish the deltoid muscle atrophy [DMA] model and 24 to evaluate the effect of EMS on the model) were used. DMA was induced by completely immobilizing the right shoulder of each rat by placing sutures between the scapula and humeral shaft, with the left shoulder as a control. After establishing the DMA model, rats were randomly assigned into three groups: low-frequency EMS (L-EMS, 10 Hz frequency), medium-frequency EMS (M-EMS, 50 Hz frequency), and control (eight rats per group). After 3 weeks, the deltoid muscles of each rat were harvested, alterations in gene expression and muscle cell size were evaluated, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. DMA was most prominent 3 weeks after shoulder immobilization. Murf1 and Atrogin were significantly induced at the initial phase and gradually decreased at approximately 3 weeks; however, MyoD expressed an inverse relationship with Murf1 and Atrogin. IL6 expression was prominent at 1 week. The time point for the EMS effect evaluation was selected at 3 weeks, when the DMA was the most prominent with a change in relevant gene expression. The M-EMS group cell size was significantly larger than that of L-EMS and control group in both the immobilized and intact shoulders (all p < 0.05), without significant differences between the L-EMS and control groups. The M-EMS group showed significantly lower mRNA expressions of Murf1 and Atrogin and higher expressions of MyoD and Col1A1 than that of the control group (all p < 0.05). In immunohistochemical analysis, similar results were observed with lower Atrogin staining and higher MyoD and Col1A1 staining in the M-EMS group. DMA model was established by complete shoulder immobilization, with the most prominent muscle atrophy observed at 3 weeks. M-EMS improved DMA with changes in the expression of relevant genes. M-EMS might be a solution for strengthening atrophied skeletal muscles and facilitating rehabilitation after trauma or surgery.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : National Research Foundation of Korea
ID : NRF-2022R1A6A3A01087378
Organisme : National Research Foundation of Korea
ID : NRF-2020R1A2B5B01001936
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.
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