Synthesis and characterization of different nano-hydroxyapatites and their impact on dental enamel following topical application for dental bleaching.

This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and assess the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), color change (CC), and surface morphology changes after the application of two distinct nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp). Two nano-HAp were previously synthesized by co-precipitation: one with rod-shaped particles (RS) and the other with spherical-shaped particles (SS). The surface charge of the nano-HAp particles was determined at varying pH levels and characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the samples was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nano-HAp particles were applied before the dental bleaching procedure. Forty teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching treatment: no treatment, bleaching with 35% HP only, RS application and bleaching with 35% HP, and SS application and bleaching with 35% HP. HP concentration (µg mL RS and SS were successfully synthesized by coprecipitation, primarily differing in pH during synthesis. Both variations of nano-HAp morphology significantly reduced HP diffusion into the pulp chamber (p < 0.001). Regarding enamel morphology, groups analyzed post dental bleaching exhibited greater HAp deposition on the enamel surface. Notably, this deposition did not impede CC. The utilization of different nano-HAp morphologies prior to dental bleaching appears to be a promising strategy for mitigating adverse effects associated with dental bleaching procedures.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.