Total life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy and differences attributable to cigarettes' smoking among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.
China
Disability-free life expectancy
Middle-aged and older adults
Smoking
Journal
BMC geriatrics
ISSN: 1471-2318
Titre abrégé: BMC Geriatr
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968548
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 Aug 2024
08 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
01
10
2022
accepted:
24
04
2024
medline:
9
8
2024
pubmed:
9
8
2024
entrez:
8
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Middle-aged and older adults smoking for years are afflicted by smoking-related diseases and functional limitations; however, little is known about the effect of smoking on nonfatal conditions in middle and later life. This study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on both total life expectancy (TLE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and the variations in such effects by educational level in China. Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 2011-2018, with a total sample of 16,859 individuals aged 45 years or older involved in the final analysis. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale was used to measure disability, and the population-based multistate life table method was used to estimate the differences in TLE and DFLE by smoking status and educational attainment. At baseline, 28.9% of participants were current smokers, 8.5% were former smokers, and 62.6% never smoked. Approximately 5.6% were identified with ADL disability. Both current smokers and former smokers experienced lower TLE and DFLE than never smokers, and such differences were particularly prominent among men. Intriguingly, former smokers manifested a lower DFLE for both sexes and a lower TLE among women, though a longer TLE among men, compared with current smokers. Similar differences in TLE and DFLE by smoking status were observed for groups with different levels of education. Never smokers live longer and healthier than current smokers and persons who quit smoking. Smoking was associated with greater reductions in TLE and DFLE among men. However, educational attainment might not moderate the adverse effect of smoking on both fatal and nonfatal conditions in the context of China. These findings have implications for disability prevention, aged care provision and informing policies of healthy aging for China and elsewhere.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39118038
doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-05007-z
pii: 10.1186/s12877-024-05007-z
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
663Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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